This ruling determined that it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and require its recitation in public schools, even when it is non-denominational and students may excuse themselves from participation.

This ruling held that criminal suspects have a right to

counsel during police interrogations. indigent criminal defendants had a right to be provided counsel at trial.

This ruling reaffirmed the Supreme Court's commitment to the continued use of the death penalty in the United States

This ruling affirmed the government’s decision regarding the Japanese American Internment during World War II and found that it was not unconstitutional.

This ruling held that evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment protection against "unreasonable searches and seizures" must be excluded from criminal prosecutions in state courts, as well as federal courts.

This landmark ruling held that basis for the exercise of judicial review of Federal statutes by the United States Supreme Court under Article Three of the United States Constitution is legal.

This ruling held held that criminal suspects must be informed of their right to consult with an attorney and of their right against self-incrimination prior to questioning by police.

The Supreme Court ruled that the "separate but equal" provision of the Louisiana law was constitutional. The case established this principle of segregation until it was overturned in 1954.

The Court decided that a state supported school could use race as a basis for admission, though it ruled that quotas were illegal. Bakke was admitted.

A constitutional right to an abortion is established, though the court laid down a trimester criteria in determining whether states can impose restrictions

The court declared that "student rights do not stop at the schoolhouse gates." The wearing of black armbands was protected by the Constitution. Students enjoy protection of the Bill of Rights unless their actions materially disrupt the educational environment.

This ruling invalidated prohibitions on desecrating the American flag in force in 48 of the 50 states. Justice William

Brennan wrote for a five-justice majority in holding that the defendant's act of flag burning was protected speech under the first amendment.

What is it called when the U.S. Supreme Court decides whether something is legal or illegal (unconstitutional)?

This Supreme Court ruling overturned "separate but equal".

Suspects cannot be questioned (interrogated) until they are informed of their rights (right to remain silent, right to an attorney, etc.)

Allowed for the censorship (blocking) of materials / stories written in school newspapers.

This ruling held that public school curricular student newspapers that have not been established as forums for student expression are subject to a lower level of First Amendment protection than independent student expression or newspapers established (by policy or practice) as forums for student expression.

This ruling ruled on the requirement for a degree of consistency in the application of the death penalty. Placed a 4 year Moratorium on the Death Penalty