Journalist and photographer who became famous for exposing the horrible conditions in New York City tenements.

giant retail shops

a neighborhood outside of a downtown area

A law passed by Congress that banned Chinese from immigrating to the US for 10 years.

poorly built, overcrowded apartment buildings

the area on a ship in the lower levels where the steering mechanisms were located and where cramped quarters were provided for people who could only afford cheap passage

a term often used for an immigrant who arrived in the United States before the 1880s and who was typically from northern Europe

neighborhood centers staffed by professionals and volunteers for education, recreation, and social activities in poor areas

Landscape architect who designed Central Park in New York City

leisure and cultural activities shared by many people

public transportation

hot, stuffy workshops in which workers prepare materials for low wages

an aid organization formed by immigrant communities

a term often used for an immigrant who arrived in the US beginning in the 1880s and who was typically from southern and eastern Europe