The characteristics of the connective tissues of the skeletal system are largely determined by the composition of their

(a)  

It reduces the friction and model for bone formation

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attach bones to muscles

(a)  

attach bones to bones

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Its extracellular matrix contains large amounts of collagen fibers, making these structures very tough, like ropes.

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Its extracellular matrix contains collagen that that makes it tough and water- filled proteoglycans that make it smooth and resilient.

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it is relatively rigid, but springs back to its original shape after being bent or slightly compressed

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A tough, ropelike protein

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large molecules, consisting of polysaccharides attached to core proteins.

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Its extracellular matrix contains collagen and minerals, including calcium and phosphate.

(a)  

_______ lend flexible strength to the bone and the _____ component gives the bone compression or weight-bearing strength

(a)  

Most mineral in the bone is in the form of calcium phosphate crystals called (a)   .

bone that are longer than they are wide

(a)  

bones that are long as they are wide. roughly cubed shaped.

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type of bone that are relatively thin and flat

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bones that have weird shapes that fit none of the 3 previous classes.

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a long bone structure that is mostly solid matrix and cells

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long bone structure that consists of delicate interconnecting rods or plates of bones called trabeculae

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2 ends of long bones

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central shaft, middle long portion of a long bone

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a long bone structure that covers the end of the epiphyses where the bone articulates with other bones.

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a long bone structure that is a site where the bone grows in length

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a long bone structure that is a space located within the center of diaphysis filled with yellow marrow and red marrow

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In adults, red marrow is confined to the bones in the ______ of the body and in most proximal _______ of the limbs

(a)  

a dense connective tissue membrane covering the bone's outer surface

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a thinner connective tissue membrane that lines the surface of the medullary cavity.

(a)  

a bone forming cell that is responsible for the formation, repairing and remodeling of the bones

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________is a bone cell that releases vesicles that contains calcium and _______

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a bone cell that was once an osteoblasts, that once secreted enough extracellular matrix becomes a matured bone cells located in the lacunae.

(a)  

is a bony absorption or a bone eating cells that contribute to bone repair and remodeling by removing existing bone.

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a concentric rings or thin sheets of extracellular matrix where bone is formed.

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spaces between lamellae

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it forms outer part of diaphysis and thinner surfaces of other bones

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a structural unit of compact bone, haversian system

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a tiny small canals running through bone solid matrix.

(a)  

it is where the blood vessels that run parallel to the long axis of the bones are located

(a)  

located at the epiphyses of the long bones and forms the interior compact bone

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a delicate interconnecting rods or plates of bone, where the red bone marrow is located for hematopoesis

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Is the the process of bone formation by osteoblasts

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bone formation that occurs within the connective tissue membranes.

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bone formation that occurs inside cartilage

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it is where the bone formation begins

(a)  

where bone 1st begins to appear. forms diaphysis

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forms epiphyses.

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intramembranous ossification occurs in a __ week old fetus at ossification center in the ____ bones and ______

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spaces that has not been fully ossified yet.

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Inhibits osteoclasts, which allows for enhanced osteoblast uptake of Ca2+ from the blood to deposit into bone.

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the main portion of the bone

(a)  

a constricted are between head and the body

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a bone feature that is small, flattened articular surface

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a bone feature that is smooth, rounded articular surface

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a bone feature that isa prominent ridge

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a bone feature that is a projection from a bone

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a bone feature that is a knob or enlargement

(a)  

a bone feature that is a large tuberosity found only on proximal femur

(a)  

a bone feature that is an enlargement near or above a condyle

(a)  

a bone feature that is a hole in a bone

(a)  

a bone feature that is a tunnel

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a bone feature that is a cleft

(a)  

a bone feature that is a cavity

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a bone feature that is a depression in a bone

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how many bone in the body?

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Forms the long axis of the body including the skull and vertebrae and rib cage

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how many bones does axial skeleton have?

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bones of the limbs an girdles that attaches to the axial skeleton

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how many bones does appendicular skeleton have?

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how many bones does cranium have?

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the anterior third of the cranial dome

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middle segment of the cranial dome

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posterior part of the cranial dome

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sides of the cranium, extending inward to form part of the cranial floor.

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Parietal + Temporal

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Parietal + Parietal

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Parietal + Frontal

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Parietal + Occipital

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a prominent feature of the temporal bone. a canal that enables sound waves to reach eardrum

(a)  

can be seen and felt as a prominent lump just posterior to the ear

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a single bone that extends completely across the skull. resembles a butterfly and its wings extending sided of the skull

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a structure in the central region of the sphenoid bone resembling a saddles which contains the pituitary glands

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forms the middle portion of the anterior floor, extending inferiorly between the nasal eye orbits to also form the roof of the nasal cavity.

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how many bones do facial bones have?

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enumerate the sphenoid bones

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also called upper jaw bone, contains the superior set of teeth

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on the medial margin of an eye orbit just above the opening of the nasolacriminal canal.

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forms the bridge of the nose forming the superior margin of the nasal opening.

(a)  

join together at the midleline to form the posterior tghird of the hard palate 

(a)  

projects medially from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity, curving toward the nasal floor

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forms the inferior and posterior part of the nasal nseptum, that divides the nasal cavity into right and left halves.

(a)  

increased the surface area in the nasal cavity.  the increased surface area of the oiverlying epithelium facilitates moistening and warming of the air inhaled through the nose.

(a)  

two nasal conchae that projects from the ethmoid bone

(a)  

small, hollow, air filled spaces that decreases the weight of the skull and acts as a resonating chambers during voice production.

(a)  

how many paranasal sinuses? and what are they

(a)  

inflammation of one of the paranasal sinuses

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cheekbone. anterior to the sphenoid bone and forms the upper lateral corner of the cheek.

(a)  

consists of the joined processes of the temporal and zygomatic bones forming a bridge across the side of the face and provides a major attachment site for a muscle moving the mandible.

(a)  

lower jaw bone, forming the lower part of face containing the inferior set of teeth.

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the depression where the mandible articulates with temporal bone.

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an openinng for mandibular nerve to the lower jaw

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an opening for the middle meningeal artery, which brings blood to the dura matter

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opening in the skull, through which the spinal cord joins the brain.

(a)  

contains the lower cranial nerves and major vascuiar structures.

(a)  

opening through which the optic nerve runs back into the brain and the large opthalmic artery enters the orbit.

(a)  

enumerate the 3 auditory ossicles

(a)  

an unpaired ushaped bone, not part of the skull and has no direct bony attachment to the skull. It provides attachment for some tongu muscles, and it is an attachment point for important neck muscles that elevate the larynx during speech or swallowing

(a)  

an unpaired ushaped bone, not part of the skull and has no direct bony attachment to the skull. It provides attachment for some tongu muscles, and it is an attachment point for important neck muscles that elevate the larynx during speech or swallowing

(a)  

opening of the maxillary nerve

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how many bones in vertebral column?

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the 1st cervical vertebra that supports the skull or holds up head.

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2nd cervical vertebrae that acts as pivot for the rotation of C1 and the skull

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an abnormal posterior curvature of the spine.

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an abnormal posterior curvature of the spine.

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abnormal excessive anterior curvature, swayback condition

(a)  

abnormal lateral curvature of the spines

(a)  

the area through which spinal nerves exit the spinal cord

(a)  

separate the vertebral bodies and acts as a SHOCK ABSORBER between each of the vertebrae in the spinal colum by keeping the vertebrae separated when there is impact from activity.

(a)  

the weight bearing portion of each vertebra

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surround the vertebral foramen

(a)  

opening that forms the vertebral canal, where the spinal cord is located.

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extends from the transveres process to spinous process

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extends from the body to transverse process

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extends laterally from each side of the arch, between the pedicle and lamina

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can be seen and felt as a series of lumps down the midline of the back.

(a)  

where the vertebrae articulate with each other

(a)  

smooth little face found in each articular process, the location where vertebrae join each other

(a)  

spinous process of the first four sacral vertebrae

(a)  

at the inferior end of the sacrum which is often the site of caudal anesthetic injections given just before childbirth

(a)  

landmark that can be felt during vaginal exam.

(a)  

usually consists of 4 more or less fused vertebrae. easily broken whem person falss by stitting down hard.

(a)  

forms an anterior protective wall pver heart and other associated structures

(a)  

attach directly to the sternum by means of costal cartilages

(a)  

ribs that do not attach directly to the sternum

(a)  

ribs that do not attach at all to the sternum

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enumerate 3 parts of sternum

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a depression at the superior end of the sternum

(a)  

slight elevation at the junction of the manubrium and the body of the sternum. important landmark for the 2nd rib

(a)  

a flat triangular bone with three large fossae where muscles extending to the arm are attaced.

(a)  

the 4th fossa where the head of the humerus connects to the scapula

(a)  

a ridge that runs across the posterior surface of the scapula

(a)  

a projection that extends from the scapular spine to form the point of the shoulder.

(a)  

articulates with the scapula at the acromion process. the first bone to begin ossification in fetus but the last to be completed

(a)  

curves below the clavicle and provides attachment of arm and chest muscles

(a)  

curves below the clavicle and provides attachment of arm and chest muscles

(a)  

on the lateral surface approximately one third of the way down the shaft of the humerus

(a)  

located laterally at the distal end of the humerus, articulates with the radius

(a)  

located laterally at the distal end of the humerus, articulates with the ulna

(a)  

located on the lateral side of the distal end of the radius. provide attachment sites for ligaments of wrist

(a)  

distal to the head. where one arm muscles, the biceps barchii, attaches

(a)  

distal to the trochlear notch that helps complete the "grip" of the ulna on the distal end of the humerus.

(a)  

how many bones in the upper limb?

(a)  

how many bones in pelvic girdle and lower limbs

(a)  

place where lower limbs attach to the body

(a)  

articulates with the acetabulum of the coxal bone.

(a)  

usually a break of the femoral neck

(a)  

points of muscle attachment in femur

(a)  

found at the distal end of femur that articulates with the tibia

(a)  

located medially and laterally to the condyles. point of ligament attachment

(a)  

the larger meadial lower bone of the leg

(a)  

the narrower lateral bone of the lower leg

(a)  

non-movable joint

(a)  

slightly movable

(a)  

freely moveable joint

(a)  

fibrous joints in which the bones are separated by some distance and held together by ligaments

(a)  

consists of pegs fitted into sockets and held in place by ligaments

(a)  

porous bone, is a loss of bone matrix, bones come brittle and fragile typiccally because of hormonal changes or deficiency of calcium or vitamin D

(a)  

softening of bones

(a)  

genetic disease that is abnormally dense thick bone

(a)  

group of genetic disease of collagen in which the bones are formed improperly making them fragile and prone to breaking

(a)  

inflammation of the bone due to infection

(a)  

Give the 5 Functions of the SS

(a)