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WorksheetsEndo Exam 1 - Adrenal Cortex - Jones
Total questions: 66
Worksheet time: 33mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
What are the different parts of the adrenal gland
a)
adrenal cortex
b)
kidneys
c)
medulla
d)
spine
2.
How many layers does the adrenal cortex have
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
3.
What are the layers of the adrenal cortex
a)
zona glomerulosa
b)
zona fasciculata
c)
zona reticularis
d)
medulla
4.
Which is the innermost layer of the adrenal glands
a)
zona glomerulosa
b)
zona fasciculata
c)
zona reticularis
d)
medulla
5.
Which is the innermost layer of the cortex
a)
zona glomerulosa
b)
zona fasciculata
c)
zona reticularis
d)
medulla
6.
Which is the middle layer of the cortex
a)
zona glomerulosa
b)
zona fasciculata
c)
zona reticularis
d)
medulla
7.
Which is the outermost layer of the cortex
a)
zona glomerulosa
b)
zona fasciculata
c)
zona reticularis
d)
medulla
8.
Which layer of the adrenal glands secretes aldosterone
a)
zona glomerulosa
b)
zona fasciculata
c)
zona reticularis
d)
medulla
9.
Which layer(s) of the adrenal glands secretes cortisol and androgens
a)
zona glomerulosa
b)
zona fasciculata
c)
zona reticularis
d)
medulla
10.
Which layer of the adrenal glands secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
a)
zona glomerulosa
b)
zona fasciculata
c)
zona reticularis
d)
medulla
11.
Where is the adrenal gland located
a)
on top of the kidneys
b)
anterior to the kidneys
c)
posterior to the kidneys
d)
inferior to the kidneys
e)
proximal to the kidneys
12.
Which hormone is a mineralcorticoid
a)
aldosterone
b)
cortisol
c)
androgens
d)
epinephrine
e)
norepinephrine
13.
Which hormone is a glucocorticoid
a)
aldosterone
b)
cortisol
c)
androgens
d)
epinephrine
e)
norepinephrine
14.
Which hormone is a sex hormone
a)
aldosterone
b)
cortisol
c)
androgens
d)
epinephrine
e)
norepinephrine
15.
What are characteristics of steroid hormones
a)
lipid soluble
b)
lipid insoluble
c)
water insoluble
d)
long half-life
e)
short half-life
16.
How many carbons does cholesterol have
a)
27
b)
21
c)
19
d)
18
17.
How many carbons does cortisol have
a)
27
b)
21
c)
19
d)
18
18.
How many carbons does androgens have
a)
27
b)
21
c)
19
d)
18
19.
How many carbons does estrogens have
a)
27
b)
21
c)
19
d)
18
20.
What does cholesterol turn into in order to react and eventually lead to a hormone
a)
pregnenolone
b)
progesterone
c)
11-deoxycortisol
d)
cortisol
21.
To make cortisol, pregnenolone is converted into<br />
a)
cholesterol
b)
progesterone
c)
11-deoxycortisol
d)
cortisol
22.
To make cortisol, what enzyme does progesterone react with
a)
17alpha-Hydroxylase
b)
21beta-Hydroxylase
c)
11beta-hydroxylase
23.
To make cortisol, when progesterone becomes 17-hydroxy-progesterone, what enzyme does it react with
a)
17alpha-Hydroxylase
b)
21beta-Hydroxylase
c)
11beta-hydroxylase
24.
To make cortisol, when progesterone becomes 17-hydroxy-progesterone, what is the intermediate following an enzyme reaction
a)
cholesterol
b)
pregnenolone
c)
11-deoxycortisol
d)
cortisol
25.
To make cortisol, what enzyme does the intermediate 11-deoxycortisol react with
a)
17alpha-Hydroxylase
b)
21beta-Hydroxylase
c)
11beta-hydroxylase
26.
After reacting 11-deoxycortisol with 11beta-hydroxylase, what do you get
a)
cholesterol
b)
pregnenolone
c)
progesterone
d)
cortisol
27.
What are the common enzymes that can have genetic defects that leads to the inability to make cortisol
a)
17alpha-Hydroxylase
b)
21beta-Hydroxylase
c)
11beta-hydroxylase
d)
3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
e)
cholesterol desmolase
28.
To make DHEA, what enzyme is reacted with pregnenolone to create an intermediate
a)
17alpha-Hydroxylase
b)
21beta-Hydroxylase
c)
11beta-hydroxylase
d)
3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
e)
cholesterol desmolase
29.
What can DHEA be converted into
a)
Androstenedione
b)
Cortisol
c)
Corticosterone
d)
Cholesterol
30.
What are the intermediates of cholesterol that can make androstenedione
a)
pregnenolone
b)
progesterone
c)
11-deoxycortisol
d)
11-deoxy-corticosterone
31.
What hormone is created when you start with pregnenolone and 17alpha-hydroxylase is NOT present
a)
DHEA
b)
androstenedione
c)
cortisol
d)
corticosterone
32.
Corticosterone is a
a)
glucocorticoid
b)
mineralcorticoid
c)
sex hormone
33.
When corticosterone reacts with aldosterone synthase ANG II and aldosterone synthase, what is the product
a)
pregnenolone
b)
progesterone
c)
deoxycorticosterone
d)
aldosterone
34.
Where is aldosterone synthase ANG II and aldosterone synthase made
a)
zona glomerulosa
b)
zona fasciculata
c)
zona reticularis
d)
medulla
35.
What is the main job of glucocorticoids
a)
raise blood glucose
b)
carbohydrate and protein metabolism
c)
maintain Na+
d)
maintain ECF
36.
What is the main job of mineralcorticoids
a)
raise blood glucose
b)
carbohydrate and protein metabolism
c)
maintain Na+
d)
maintain ECF
37.
What are some regulations of release for glucocorticoids
a)
time of day (circadian rhythm)
b)
stress
c)
pain
d)
diet
e)
exercise
38.
Glucocorticoids is regulated by
a)
positive feedback mediated by cortisol
b)
negative feedback mediated by cortisol
39.
What will cortisol inhibit
a)
ACTH in anterior pituitary
b)
CRH in hypothalamus
c)
ACTH in hypothalamus
d)
CRH in anterior pituitary
40.
What type of hormone is ACTH
a)
steroid hormones
b)
thyroid hormones
c)
peptide hormones
d)
monoamines
41.
What protein is cleaved to create ACTH
a)
Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)
b)
Melanocyte (MSH)
42.
What is the hormone that is created when there is too much ACTH and therefore it breaks down and creates hyperpigmentation of the skin
a)
gamma-MSH
b)
alpha-MSH
c)
beta-MSH
d)
CLIP
43.
How does ACTH make steroid hormones (cortisol)
a)
binds to G-protein coupled receptor (Gs)
b)
activates cholesterol
c)
activates enzyme activity in storage state to create hormones
44.
What is the main plasma transport protein for glucocorticoids
a)
corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG)
b)
transcortin
45.
Where do glucocorticoids bind to receptors in
a)
outside the cell
b)
in the cytoplasm
c)
in the nucleus
46.
What are some physiological effects of glucocorticoids
a)
increases growth of the adrenal medulla
b)
suppresses secretion of sex hormones
c)
increase blood glucose
d)
anti-inflammatory effect
e)
increases sex hormones
47.
What is the primary stimulator of aldosterone release
a)
ACTH
b)
Angiotensin II
c)
Angiotensin
d)
Angiotensin I
48.
What is released when sodium and blood pressure are low in the kidney to turn on Angiotensin II to release aldosterone
a)
Renin
b)
Angiotensin
c)
Angiotensin I
d)
ACTH
49.
What type of hormone is androgens
a)
thyroid hormone
b)
peptide hormone
c)
sex hormone
d)
monoamines
50.
What are androgens regulated by
a)
DHEA
b)
ACTH
c)
estrogens
d)
cortisol
51.
What are androgens responsible for
a)
control aspects of male development
b)
helps with reproductive physiology
c)
controls aspects of bone growth
52.
What is made from androgens
a)
DHEA
b)
testosterone/estrogen
c)
androstenedione
d)
cortisol
e)
ACTH
53.
Which organ produces more estrogen in the body before menopause
a)
adrenal cortex
b)
ovaries
54.
Which organ produces more estrogen in the body after menopause
a)
adrenal cortex
b)
ovaries
55.
What are some characteristics of congenital adrenal hyperplasia
a)
mutations in the enzymes used to make adrenal cortex hormones
b)
high levels of ACTH
56.
If there is a defect on 21beta-hydroxylase, what are some effects
a)
low glucocorticoid effect
b)
low mineralcorticoid effect
c)
low blood pressure
d)
high androgen effect
e)
high blood pressure
57.
If there is a defect on 11beta-hydroxylase, what are some effects
a)
low glucocorticoid effect
b)
moderately hypertensive mineralcorticoid effect
c)
high blood pressure
d)
high androgen effect
e)
low blood pressure
58.
If there is a defect on 17alpha-hydroxylase
a)
low glucocorticoid effect
b)
high blood pressure
c)
low androgen effect
d)
high androgen effect
e)
low blood pressure
59.
What are some causes of Addison's disease
a)
autoimmune destruction of adrenal cortex
b)
cancer
c)
pituitary insufficiency of ACTH
d)
inborn errors in metabolism - enzyme mutations
60.
What are some symptoms of Addison's disease
a)
decreased mineralcorticoids - hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, low BP
b)
low BG between meals
c)
intolerance to stresses
d)
hyperpigmentation
e)
muscle weakness
61.
What are some treatments of hyposecretion in Addison's disease and how soon should it be administered
a)
adrenocorticoid administered daily
b)
avoid stress
c)
needs to be administered immediately or death
d)
needs to be administered within 1 month of diagnosis
62.
What is Addison's disease
a)
hyposecretion of cortisol
b)
hypersecretion of cortisol
63.
What is Cushing's disease
a)
hyposecretion of cortisol
b)
hypersecretion of cortisol
64.
What are some causes of Cushing's disease
a)
adenomas (cancer) of anterior pituitary
b)
abnormal hypothalamus
c)
ectopic ACTH secreting tumor
d)
adenomas of the adrenal cortex
e)
exogenous use of corticosteroids
65.
What are some symptoms of Cushing's disease
a)
Buffalo torso, moon face
b)
HTN
c)
osteoporosis, muscle weakness
d)
prone to infection
e)
increased skin pigmentation
66.
What are treatment options for Cushing's disease
a)
removal of tumor
b)
removal of adrenal gland followed by hormone replacement therapy
c)
avoid stress
d)
need to treat immediately
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