NEW
Font size
WorksheetsEMT Test #4: Shock
Total questions: 48
Worksheet time: 2hrs 36mins
The term "shock" is MOST accurately defined as:
A decreased supply of oxygen to the brain
Decreased circulation of blood within the venous circulation
Cardiovascular collapse leading to inadequate perfusion
Decreased function of the respiratory system leading to hypoxia
What are the three components of the perfusion triangle?
Heart, blood vessels, blood
Heart, brain, lungs
Plasma, red blood cells, platelets
Arteries, veins, capillaries
You suspect your patient is in shock; you note the patient's skin is pale. This is likely due to?
peripheral vasodilation
an increased heart rate
hypothermia
peripheral vasoconstriction
Shock due to severe infection is called:
Neurogenic shock
Septic shock
Anaphylactic shock
Hypovolemic shock
Your patient has a decreased cardiac output and poor myocardial contractility. this will likely lead to?
Septic shock
Hypovolemic shock
Cardiogenic shock
Neurogenic shock
Foods, medications, and insects are common causes of:
Anaphylactic shock
Neurogenic shock
Cardiogenic shock
Septic shock
Anaphylactic shock is typically associated with:
A severe headache
Localized welts
Bradycardia
Urticaria
As you approach a patient lying at the side of the roadway, you observe severe bleeding from the leg. What should your first action be?
Open the airway.
Check for a pulse.
Control the bleeding.
Administer oxygen.
When should nonlifesaving interventions be performed for your multisystem trauma patient?
En route to the hospital
Prior to transport
Immediately after the injuries are discovered
During the primary assessment
To protect vital organs the body compensates by directing the flow away form the organs that are more tolerant of low flow such as?
The brain
The lungs
The heart
The skin
Pulmonary edema and impaired ventilation occur during?
Septic shock
Cardiogenic shock
Neurogenic shock
Anaphylactic shock
When injury to the spinal cord causes systemic dilation of the blood vessels in the body, ____ shock develops:
Hemorrhagic
Psychogenic
Neurogenic
Compensated
Distributive shock occurs when:
An injury causes restriction of the heart muscle and impairs its pumping function
Temporary but severe vasodilation causes a decrease in blood supply to the brain
Severe bleeding causes tachycardia in order to distribute blood to the organs faster
Widespread dilation of the blood vessels cause blood to pool in the vascular beds
In an acute injury setting neurogenic shock is commonly accompanied by:
Hypovolemia
Diaphoresis
Hypothermia
Tachycardia
Hypovolemic shock caused by severe burns is the result of a loss of:
Plasma
Platelets
Red blood cell
Whole blood
When assessing a patient with signs and symptoms of shock, it is important to remember that:
The patient's respirations are deep during the early stages of shock.
Blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock.
Multiple fractures are the most common cause of hypovolemic shock.
Irreversible shock often responds well to a prompt blood transfusion.
When treating an 80 year old patient who is in shock it is important to remember that:
changes in gastric motility may delay gastric emptying which increases risk for vominiting
compensation from the respiratory system usually manifests with increased tidal volume
medications older patients take for hypertension often cause and unusually fast heart rate
the older patients; central nervous system usually reacts more briskly to compensate for shock
A 25 year old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her chest when her car hit a tree while traveling at a high rate of speed. She has signs and symptoms of shock which you suspect are the result of intrathoracic bleeding. Which of the following interventions will provide the patient the greatest chance of survival?
High flow oxygen administration
Full mobilization of her spine
Intravenous fluid administration
Rapid transport to a trauma center
Which of the following is the ONLY action that can prevent eventual death from a tension pneumothorax?
Early administration of high flow oxygen
Decompression of the injured side of the chest
Positive pressure ventilation with BVM
Rapid administration of intravenous fluids
A 20 year old male has a large laceration to his wrist he is holding a blood soaked towel over the wound but in continues to bleed rapidly you should:
Apply pressure to the brachial artery
Apply a tourniquet proximal to the wrist
Administer high flow supplemental oxygen
Wrap the towel with pressure bandages
Shock is the result of:
The body's maintenance of homeostasis.
Widespread constriction of the blood vessels.
Temporary dysfunction of a major organ.
Hypoperfusion to the cells of the body.
Capillary sphincters are:
Under complete control of the voluntary portion of the nervous system.
Circular muscular walls that regulate blood flow through the capillaries.
Responsible for constricting to compensate for decreased cellular perfusion.
Capable of dilating in order to increase perfusion to crucial body organs.
One of the primary waste products of normal cellular metabolism that must be removed from the body by the lungs is:
carbon dioxide.
pyruvic acid.
carbon monoxide.
lactic acid.
The action of hormones such as epinephrine and norepinephrine stimulates _______ to maintain pressure in the system and as a result perfusion of all vital organs:
An increase in heart rate
An increase in the strength of cardiac contractions
Vasoconstriction in nonessential areas
All of the above
When perfusion to the core of the body decreases:
Blood is shunted away from the skin.
The voluntary nervous system releases hormones.
Decreased cardiac contractility occurs.
Blood is diverted to the gastrointestinal tract.
Cardiogenic shock may result from all of the following, EXCEPT:
Heart attack.
Increased preload.
Poor contractility.
Increased afterload.
Which of the following injuries would MOST likely cause obstructive shock?
Liver laceration
Simple Pneumothorax
Cardiac Tamponade
Spinal cord injury
Which of the following MOST accurately describes septic shock?
Bacterial infection of the nervous system with widespread vasodilation
Widespread vasoconstriction and plasma loss due to a severe viral infection
Bacterial damage to the vessel wall, leaking blood vessels, and vasodilation
Viral infection of the blood vessels, vascular damage, and vasoconstriction
A 70-year-old female was recently discharged from the hospital following a total hip replacement. Today, she presents with restlessness, tachycardia, and a blood pressure of 100/64 mm Hg. Her skin is warm and moist. You should be MOST suspicious that she is experiencing:
Septic shock.
Pump failure.
A local infection.
Decompensated shock.
Which of the following statements regarding anaphylactic shock is MOST correct?
Anaphylactic shock occurs immediately after a person is sensitized to an allergen.
Sensitized people will experience less severe reactions upon subsequent exposure.
Anaphylactic shock is the result of immune system failure due to a toxic exposure.
Each subsequent exposure following sensitization often produces a more severe reaction.
Which of the following clinical signs is unique to anaphylactic shock?
pallor
dizziness
wheezing
hypotension
Temporary, widespread vasodilation and syncope caused by a sudden nervous system reaction MOST accurately describes:
Vasovagal shock.
Neurogenic shock.
Psychogenic shock.
Septic shock.
Which of the following would MOST likely result in hemorrhagic shock?
Severe vomiting
Liver laceration
Excessive sweating
Repeated diarrhea
Hypotension in a child with blunt or penetrating trauma is particularly significant because:
It typically develops earlier in children than it does in adults.
The most likely cause of the hypotension is respiratory failure.
It often indicates the loss of half of his or her blood volume.
Most children with hypotension die in the prehospital setting.
Signs of compensated shock include all of the following, EXCEPT:
Restlessness or anxiety
Pale, cool, clammy skin
A feeling of impending doom
Weak or absent peripheral pulses
Which of the following patients is in decompensated shock?
A 20-year-old female with absent radial pulses and dilated pupils
A 23-year-old restless male with cool, clammy skin and tachycardia
A 28-year-old female with pale skin and rapid, shallow respirations
A 32-year-old male with anxiety and a systolic blood pressure of 110 mm Hg
What is the normal capillary refill time?
4 seconds
6 seconds
2 seconds
5 seconds
All of the following conditions should make you suspect shock, EXCEPT:
Anaphylaxis.
Spinal injury.
Severe infection.
Ischemic stroke.
How often would you take vital signs on somebody who is in critical condition?
Every 5 minutes
Every 2 minutes
Every 10 minutes
Every 15 minutes
A 27-year-old male was stabbed in the chest during a disagreement at a poker game. As you approach him, you see that a knife is impaled in his chest. Before you make physical contact with the patient, it is MOST important to:
Form a general impression.
Call for an ALS ambulance.
Follow standard precautions.
Ask bystanders what happened.
You respond to a residence for a patient with a severe leg injury following an accident with a chainsaw. When you arrive, you find the patient, a 44-year-old male, lying supine in the backyard. He has a partial amputation of his right lower leg that is actively bleeding. The patient is conscious and breathing adequately; however, he is restless and his skin is diaphoretic. You should:
Immediately evaluate his airway.
Apply direct pressure to the wound.
Assess the rate and quality of his pulse.
Administer 100% supplemental oxygen.
A construction worker fell approximately 30 feet. He is semiconscious with rapid, shallow respirations. Further assessment reveals deformity to the thoracic region of his spine. His blood pressure is 70/50 mm Hg, his pulse is 66 beats/min and weak, and his skin is warm and dry. In addition to spinal immobilization and rapid transport, the MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes:
Oxygen via nonrebreathing mask, blankets for warmth, and elevation of his head.
Assisted ventilation, thermal management, and elevation of the lower extremities.
Oxygen via nonrebreathing mask, thermal management, and elevation of his legs.
Assisted ventilation, preventing hyperthermia, and elevating his lower extremities.
A 19-year-old male was stung multiple times by fire ants. He is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock. You administer 100% oxygen and give him epinephrine via subcutaneous injection. Upon reassessment, you determine that his condition has not improved. You should:
Transport him immediately and provide supportive care while en route.
Consider that he may actually be experiencing an acute asthma attack.
Repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control.
Request a paramedic unit that is stationed approximately 15 miles away.
You suspect your patient has experienced psychogenic shock after hearing some bad news, which caused him to faint and fall to the floor. What treatment should you provide for this patient?
Examine the patient for injuries caused by the fall
Restrain the patient on the stretcher so he does not fall again
Reverse the shock by administering oxygen per local protocols
Have the patient sit down for a few minutes
You are treating a patient presenting with labored breathing, absent peripheral pulses, and dilated pupils. These are indications of what?
Compensated shock
Irreversible shock
Decompensated shock
Psychogenic shock
Whiplash, spinal cord injury may cause neurogenic shock.
TRUE
FALSE
Blood pressure rises, the skin becomes warm and sweaty, and the pulse rate decreases are the symptoms of psychogenic shock.
TRUE
FALSE
If a patient in shock is able to maintain perfusion, then this is:
Physiological shock
Compensated shock
Irreversible shock
Decompensated shock
