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Structure of the Atom (Chapter 4)

Total questions: 124

Worksheet time: 2hrs 50mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What is at the center of every atom?
a)
An electron
b)
A compound
c)
A molecule
d)
A nucleus
2.
Which two particles make up the nucleus of an atom?
a)
Protons and Electrons
b)
Protons and Neutrons
c)
Molecules and Compounds
d)
Neutrons and Electrons
3.
In an atom, what is the number of protons equal to?
a)
The number of electrons.
b)
The number of neutrons.
c)
The number of molecules.
d)
The number of nuclei.
4.
The particles with no charge in an atom are the _______.
a)
electrons
b)
neutrons
c)
protons
d)
protons and neutrons
5.
The positively charged particles of an atom are the ________.
a)
electrons
b)
protons
c)
neutrons
d)
protons & neutrons
6.
The negatively charged particles of an atom are the ______.
a)
electrons
b)
protons
c)
neutrons
d)
protons & neutrons
7.
An electron has this charge
a)
positive
b)
negative
c)
neutral
8.
A neutron has this charge
a)
negative
b)
positive
c)
neutral
9.
A proton has this charge
a)
negative
b)
positive
c)
neutral
10.
A particle that moves around the nucleus is a(n)...
a)
Proton
b)
Neutron
c)
Electron
d)
Quark
11.
The center of an atom that holds protons and neutrons?
a)
model
b)
electron
c)
nucleus
d)
neutron
12.
What does the nucleus of an atom contain?
a)
Electrons and neutrons
b)
Protons and neutrons
c)
Neutrinos and positrons
d)
DNA and RN
13.
What number indicates an electron?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
14.
What number indicates the nucleus?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
15.
Which element has 31 protons ?
a)
Gallium 
b)
Germanium
c)
Gadolinium
d)
Polonium
16.
What is the mass number?
a)
the number of protons
b)
the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom 
c)
the number of electrons
d)
the number of neutrons
17.
What is the atomic number?
a)
number of protons
b)
number of neutrons
18.
Oxygen’s atomic number is 8. This means that an oxygen atom must have
a)
8 electrons
b)
8 protons
c)
8 neutrons
d)
a mass number of 8
19.
 What is the mass number of this element?
a)
5
b)
27
c)
32
d)
59
20.

Thompson was the first to discover a subatomic particle - the electron. What are the others?

a)

neutrons & positrons

b)

protons & neutrons

c)

positrons & quarks

d)

protons & positrons

21.

Rutherford concluded that the amount of positive charge varies

a)

with the amount of electrons in the nucleus.

b)

as the the amount of isotopes varies.

c)

with the amount of neutrons in the nucleus.

d)

with different elements.

22.

A positively charged particle found in the nucleus is called a

a)

neutron.

b)

proton.

c)

electron.

d)

positron.

23.

Electrons can best be described as having a

a)

large size, positive charge.

b)

very small size, positive charge.

c)

large size, negative charge.

d)

very small size, negative charge.

24.

Electrons are subatomic particles that exist

a)

inside the nucleus.

b)

in simultaneous dimensions.

c)

in parallel universes.

d)

outside the nucleus.

25.

Neutrons (discovered by James Chadwick in 1932) are neutral subatomic particles that are located

a)

in and outside the nucleus.

b)

in the nucleus.

c)

just outside the nucleus.

d)

in alternate universes.

26.

Neutrons have almost exactly the same mass as

a)

electrons.

b)

positrons.

c)

protons.

d)

quarks.

27.

Only protons & neutrons can be distinguished by mass, charge and position in an atom.

a)

True

b)

False

28.

James Dalton proved that the true nature of the atom could best be described as resembling "plum pudding."

a)

True

b)

False

29.

Rutherford proved the existence of protons located in a very small nucleus by using a crude particle accelerator in 1911.

a)

True

b)

False

30.

The atomic number (#) of an element is equal to the

a)

weight of an electron.

b)

# of neutrons in a single atom of that element.

c)

weight of a neutron.

d)

# of protons in a single atom of that element.

31.

Atoms of different elements have

a)

the same # of protons.

b)

the same general properties.

c)

a different # of protons.

d)

the same # of electrons.

32.

Because atoms are neutral, each positive charge is

a)

the same as a neutral charge.

b)

balanced by a negative charge.

c)

the same as no charge.

d)

balanced by a neutral charge.

33.

Which statement best describes the mass number (#) of an atom?

a)

the sum of electrons and neutrons in the nucleus

b)

the sum of protons & neutrons in the nucleus

c)

the difference in mass between protons & neutrons

d)

the difference in mass between electrons and neutrons

34.

If you know the atomic number (or # of protons) and mass number of an atom, you can find the

a)

number of electrons by adding to the mass number.

b)

number of neutrons by adding to the mass number.

c)

number of neutrons by subtracting from the mass number.

d)

total atomic weight of an atom.

35.

If the atomic mass of an element is 32 and the atomic # is 16, then

a)

the number of neutrons is also 16.

b)

the element most likely has isotopes.

c)

the number of electrons is also 16.

d)

the number of protons is also 32.

36.

Every neutral atom has the same number of protons and electrons, however

a)

they may not have the same # of neutrons.

b)

they cannot combine with other atoms.

c)

they cannot form isotopes.

d)

they may also have the same atomic mass.

37.

The probability of finding the electron in a certain space around the nucleus is known as:

a)

Schrödinger's equation

b)

Wavefunction

c)

Orbital

d)

Quantum numbers

38.

In standard nuclear notation, what does X represent?

a)

The position of the element of the periodic table

b)

The name of the element

c)

The chemical symbol for the element

d)

The date of discovery of the element

39.

A certain element is known to exist as two different isotopes.


State one thing that is the same for atoms of both isotopes.

a)

The number of protons

b)

The number of nucleons

c)

The number of neutrons

d)

The number of quarks

40.

An atom of one of the isotopes of sodium contains:


11 protons, 11 electrons and 13 neutrons


Which of these will be the same in neutral atoms of all isotopes of sodium?

a)

11 protons

b)

11 electrons

c)

13 neutrons

d)

The chemical symbol

41.

One isotope of sodium is 25Na


How many neutrons are there in one atom of this isotope?

a)

11

b)

14

c)

25

d)

36

42.

The most abundant stable isotope of strontium is strontium-88.


How many nucleons are there in a nucleus of strontium-88?

a)

38

b)

50

c)

88

d)

126

43.

The most abundant stable isotope of strontium is strontium-88.


How many neutrons are there in a nucleus of strontium-88?

a)

38

b)

50

c)

88

d)

126

44.

Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope of strontium. How does the structure of this isotope differ from that of strontium-88.

a)

Two more electrons

b)

Two more protons

c)

Two more neutrons

d)

Two less protons

45.

What is an ion?

a)

A neutral atom

b)

An atom that has gained/lost a proton

c)

An atom that has gained/lost an electron

d)

An atom that has gained/lost a neutron

46.

Why is nuclear radiation said to have an ionising effect?

a)

Nuclear radiation adds electrons to atoms

b)

Nuclear radiation removes electrons from atoms

c)

Nuclear radiation adds protons to atoms

d)

Nuclear radiation removes protons from atoms

47.
What do these isotopes of carbon all have in common?
a)
neutrons & mass number
b)
atomic number and neutrons
c)
atomic number and electrons
d)
protons, atomic number, and mass number
48.
How many neutrons does the isotope of lithium have?
a)
8
b)
3
c)
4
d)
5
49.
How many protons does this isotope of titanium have?
a)
48
b)
22
c)
26
d)
70
50.
In a correctly written symbol what would be located in the "A" position?
a)
number of neutrons
b)
atomic number
c)
number of electrons 
d)
mass number
51.
What quantities vary between isotopes of an element?
a)
protons, electrons, and atomic mass
b)
protons, electrons, and atomic number
c)
neutrons and electrons
d)
neutrons and atomic mass
52.
which atom has  4 neutrons?
a)
Li-6
b)
Li-7
c)
Li-8
d)
they have the same # of neutrons
53.
How many neutrons in C-14?
a)
6
b)
7
c)
14
d)
8
54.
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different #’s of __________ & therefore different __________.
a)
n0 ;  atomic #’s
b)
p+ ; atomic #’s
c)
e- ; atomic masses
d)
n0 ; atomic masses
55.
How many neutrons does the isotope below have?     89 36Kr
a)
53
b)
36
c)
89
d)
125
56.
How many neutrons does an atom of the isotope Neon-22 have?
a)
12
b)
10
c)
22
d)
20
57.
An atom is electrically neutral when
a)
protons and neutrons are the same
b)
protons and electrons are the same
c)
neutrons and electrons are the same
d)
neutrons balance the protons and electrons
58.
Four isotopes of lead include lead-204, lead-206, lead-207, and lead-208.  The average atomic mass of lead is 207.2.  Which isotope of lead is likely to be the most abundant.
a)
204
b)
206
c)
207
d)
208
59.
An atom is electrically neutral when
a)
protons and neutrons are the same
b)
protons and electrons are the same
c)
neutrons and electrons are the same
d)
neutrons balance the protons and electrons
60.
Two isotopes of carbon are carbon-12 and carbon-14.  These isotopes differ from one another by two protons.
a)
true
b)
false
61.

Bromine-80 has how many neutrons?

a)

41

b)

42

c)

44

d)

45

62.

76 protons and 114 neutrons

a)

Osmium-114

b)

Osmium-76

c)

Osmium-190

d)

Osmium-190.23

63.

Nickel-59 has how many neutrons?

a)

30

b)

31

c)

32

d)

33

64.

12 protons and 13 neutrons

a)

Mg-12

b)

Mg-13

c)

Mg-25

d)

Mg-24.305

65.

If a proton is added or removed from an atom, what happens?

a)

It becomes a different element.

b)

It becomes a different isotope.

c)

Nothing happens.

66.

How many neutrons are in 1 atom of Carbon-13?

a)

6

b)

13

c)

7

d)

20

67.

How many neutrons are in an atom of Nitrogen-16?

a)

9

b)

7

c)

16

d)

20

68.

How many protons are in an atom of Nitrogen-16?

a)

7

b)

9

c)

16

69.

How many neutrons are in this isotope?

a)

20

b)

41

c)

61

d)

21

70.

Which is the correct symbol for Fluorine-18?

a)
b)
c)
d)
71.
A neutral atom of the isotope 2612Mg would consist of
a)
12 protons, 26 neutrons, 26 electrons
b)
26 protons, 12 neutrons, 26 electrons
c)
26 protons, 14 neutrons, 14 electrons
d)
12 protons, 14 neutrons, 12 electrons
72.

Rubidium has two common isotopes, 85Rb and 87Rb. If the abundance of 85Rb is 72.2% and the abundance of 87Rb is 27.8%, what is the average atomic mass of rubidium?

a)

85.468 amu

b)

37 amu

c)

85.6 amu

d)

86.4 amu

73.

There are two primary isotopes found in any sample of copper: copper-63 and copper-65. The isotope 65Cu composes 69.2% of the sample and 63Cu comprises the other 30.8%. Based on this data, what is the atomic mass of copper?

a)

29 amu

b)

63.546 amu

c)

64.4 amu

d)

63.6 amu

74.
Calculate the average atomic mass of silver.
a)
106.38649amu
b)
111.91896amu
c)
107.8677amu
d)
121
75.
An element has two naturally occurring isotopes. One is 10.013 amu and is 19.9% abundant. The other is 11.01 amu and is 80.1% abundant. What is the average atomic mass? What element is it?
a)
9.012, Beryllium
b)
12.011, Carbon
c)
6.941, Lithium
d)
10.812, Boron
76.
4.35% of all X atoms have a mass of 39.946 amu. 83.79% have a mass of 41.941 amu, 9.50% have a mass of 42.941 amu, and 2.36% have a mass of 43.939 amu. What is the average atomic mass of atom X?
a)
41.97 amu
b)
42.19 amu
c)
10.43 amu
d)
40.04 amu
77.
An isotope has three forms.  30% have a mass of 4 amu, 20% have a mass of 5 amu and 50% have a mass of 3 amu.  Average atomic mass will be closest to
a)
2 amu
b)
3 amu
c)
4 amu
d)
5 amu
78.

The atomic mass of an element is the ___.

a)

average of the mass number and the atomic number for the element

b)

weighted average of the masses of the isotopes of the element

c)

total mass of the isotopes of the element

d)

total number of subatomic particles in the nucleus

79.

The atomic mass of an element depends upon the ___.

a)

relative abundance of protons in that element

b)

mass and relative abundance of each isotope of that element

c)

mass of each isotope of that element

d)

mass of each electron in that element

80.

The box for an element from the periodic table is shown. Which is the atomic mass?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

81.

An element has three isotopes. Given the abundances and relative masses, calculate the average atomic mass and determine (from the periodic table) which element it is.


Abundances | Relative masses

0.005% | 234.04 amu

0.720% | 235.04 amu

99.275% | 238.05 amu

a)

Uranium (#92, Atomic Mass: 238.03 amu)

b)

Fluorine (#9, Atomic Mass: 19.00 amu)

c)

Mercury (#89, Atomic Mass: 200.59 amu)

d)

Polonium (#84 209 amu)

82.

Rubidium has two naturally occurring isotopes, 85Rb (relative mass 84.9118 amu) and 87Rb (relative mass 86.9092 amu). The abundance of 87Rb is 27.8%, If rubidium has an average atomic mass of 85.47 amu, what is the % abundance of 85Rb (in percent)?

a)

27.9%

b)

72.1%

c)

74.63%

d)

34.29%

83.

Element Z has 2 natural isotopes. One isotope has a mass of 15.0 amu and a relative abundance of 30%. The other isotope has a mass of 16.0 amu and a relative abundance of 70%. Estimate the average atomic mass for this one element.

a)

15.0 amu

b)

16.0 amu

c)

15.7 amu

d)

16.9 amu

84.
4.35% of all X atoms have a mass of 39.946 amu. 83.79% have a mass of 41.941 amu, 9.50% have a mass of 42.941 amu, and 2.36% have a mass of 43.939 amu. What is the average atomic mass of atom X?
a)
41.97 amu
b)
42.19 amu
c)
10.43 amu
d)
40.04 amu
85.
Alpha particles.....
a)
a) are positively charged.
b)
b) consist of two protons and four neutrons.
c)
c) can penetrate any thickness of matter
d)
d) All of the above 
86.
The process of nuclear change in an atom of radioactive material is called... 
a)
nuclear decay
b)
nuclear mass
c)
isotopes
d)
radon
87.
During beta decay, a nucleus .... 
a)
gives up two protons and two neutrons.
b)
  maintains the same number of protons and neutrons.
c)
  loses a proton and gains a neutron.
d)
gains a proton and loses a neutron. 
88.
Radioactive materials have unstable...
a)
electrons
b)
protons
c)
nuclei
d)
neutrons
89.
The type of radioactive particle that can be stopped by a sheet of paper is the ____.
a)
alpha particle
b)
beta particle
c)
gamma ray
d)
uranium
90.
The most penetrating type of radiation is the ____.  
a)
alpha particle
b)
gamma ray
c)
beta particle
d)
uranium
91.
A helium nucleus with two protons and two neutrons is called a(n) ____.  
a)
alpha particle
b)
electroscope
c)
beta particle
d)
gamma ray
92.
Negatively charged particles emitted from a nucleus at a high speed are ____.  
a)
alpha particle
b)
gamma rays
c)
beta particles
d)
X rays
93.
The three types of nuclear radiation in increasing order of penetrating power are ____.  
a)
  alpha, beta, gamma 
b)
X ray, beta, gamma
c)
alpha, gamma, beta 
d)
X ray, gamma, beta 
94.

What type of decay is shown here

23892U ---> 23490Th + 42He.

a)

alpha

b)

beta

c)

gamma

95.

What type of nuclear decay is shown here

13756Ba →→ 13756Ba + γ rays

a)

alpha

b)

beta

c)

gamma

96.

Identify the type of nuclear decay shown here

21483Bi → 0-1e + 21484Po

a)

alpha

b)

beta

c)

gamma

97.

Identify the type of nuclear decay shown here

21483Bi → 0-1e + 21484Po

a)

alpha

b)

beta

c)

gamma

98.

finish the equation


22688Ra --> ____ + 22688Ra

a)

42He

b)

0-1e

c)

y

99.

finish the equation


18173Ta --> ____ + 18174W

a)

42He

b)

0-1e

c)

y

100.
Has the symbol
a)
Alpha
b)
Beta 
c)
Gamma
d)
electron
101.
Has the symbol
a)
Alpha
b)
Beta
c)
Gamma
d)
neutron
102.
If Thorium-234 undergoes a beta decay, What element will be left in its place?
a)
Actinium-234
b)
Thorium-233
c)
Protactinium-234
d)
Radium-230
103.
If we start off with element 5024X after an alpha decay we get another element Y that looks like
a)
5022Y
b)
 4622Y
c)
4820Y
d)
5426Y
104.

Which of these is an alpha particle?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

105.

Which force holds protons and neutrons together in the atom nucleus?

a)

electric force

b)

gravity

c)

strong nuclear force

d)

weak nuclear force

106.

Carbon-14 and carbon-12 have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. These different forms of the same element are called

a)

radioactive

b)

isotopes

c)

nuclei

d)

tracers

107.

What type of nuclear decay is represented in this illustration?

a)

beta decay

b)

gamma radiation

c)

alpha decay

d)

nuclear fusion

108.

Which happens in a nucleus during gamma decay?

a)

The number of protons increases.

b)

The number of neutrons increases.

c)

The number of protons remains the same.

d)

The total number of neutrons plus neutrons decreases.

109.

Gamma rays _________.

a)

have no mass and no charge

b)

have mass but no charge

c)

have no mass but have charge

d)

have mass and charge

110.

Which of these is not a type of nuclear radiation?

a)

alpha particles

b)

beta particles

c)

gamma rays

d)

microwaves

111.

A hydrogen nucleus has only one proton. How many neutrons are in a hydrogen-3 nucleus?

a)

0

b)

1

c)

2

d)

3

112.

The three main types of nuclear radiation are alpha, beta, and gamma. Which of the following lists these types of radiation from highest penetrating power to lowest penetrating power?

a)

alpha, gamma, beta

b)

beta, alpha, gamma

c)

beta, gamma, alpha

d)

gamma, beta, alpha

113.

Which equation correctly represents the alpha decay of polonium-214?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

114.

This equation shows the radioactive decay of thorium (Th). Which of the following particles is released in this reaction?

a)

alpha

b)

beta

c)

neutron

d)

gamma

115.
a)

alpha particle

b)

beta particle

c)

neutron

d)

proton

116.
a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

117.
a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

118.
a)

it's 88 because element X gains 2 protons

b)

it's 218 because element X loses 2 protons and 2 neutrons

c)

it's 220 because element X loses 2 neutrons

d)

it's 226 because element X gains 2 protons and 2 neutrons

119.
What particle completes this reaction?
a)
alpha particle
b)
beta particle
c)
gamma particle
d)
neutron
120.
Nitrogen has three occurring isotopes: Nitrogen-13, Nitrogen-14, Nitrogen-15. Which isotope is the most abundant?
a)
Nitrogen-13
b)
Nitrogen-14
c)
Nitrogen-15
d)
Based on the information given, it cannot be determined
121.
What is the atomic number of this atom?
a)
1
b)
3
c)
4
d)
7
122.

What is the mass number of this atom?

a)

1

b)

3

c)

4

d)

7

123.

An element has the mass number 12 and atomic number 6. The number of neutrons in it is:

a)

6

b)

10

c)

4

d)

8

124.

The number in Kr-84 represents what about Krypton?

a)

The number of electrons

b)

The number of protons

c)

The mass number

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