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WorksheetsMotor Learning
Total questions: 28
Worksheet time: 14mins
The cognitive model assumes that three specific information processing stages occur in the following order
environment selection, stimulus identification and brain response.
stimulus identification, response selection and response programming.
brain response, stimulus identification and environment selection.
response programming, stimulus identification and response selection.
Learning in the associative stage of Fitts and Posner’s model is best characterised by
rapid improvements in performance.
high attentional demand.
some inconsistency in terms of accuracy and success.
the development of a rough mental plan.
Researchers believe that autonomous learners demonstrate significantly fewer errors in a dual tasking environment because
they are able to focus their attention more effectively on other sources of information.
they have high attentional demands informing their decisions in the game.
their motor learning is complete and doesn't require further adaptation.
their practice is made easier by reducing the number of dual tasks.
Rate limiters include
transfer of learning from one activity to another.
dynamic systems informing movement.
cognitive psychology strategies which inform learning of a new skill.
individual, task and environment.
Assisting learners in the Fitts and Posner cognitive stage is characterised by
providing accurate demonstrations of the whole movement.
providing the learner with lots of different instructions to assist their understanding.
allowing time for the learner to experience only small parts of the movement they are learning.
teaching the skill in isolation, with no transfer of learning, to enable rapid improvements in performance.
Distributed practice is generally more effective in improving performance when:
the learner is in the cognitive stage of learning.
the energy demands and intensity of the task are low.
motivation levels in the learner are high.
the nature of the task is challenging and engaging.
Task simplification requires
part-practice of a specialised movement sequence.
simplification of the performance environment.
skill practice without an opponent.
markers or cones to indicate the performance environment.
Random practice, compared to blocked practice
is most effective when learners are in the cognitive stage.
allows learners to solely focus on the requirements of the task.
establishes a basic movement pattern of the task for the learner to understand.
provides an environment more closely resembling an authentic situation in a game.
Extrinsic feedback includes
auditory, touch and kinaesthetic feedback.
digital capture of performance by the coach.
knowledge of results and knowledge of performance.
self-generated feedback from the coach to the learner.
Which statement best describes motor learning?
Motor learning is a field of science that requires a minimum practice of 300 to 500 repetitions to learn a skill.
Motor learning is a field of science that studies the nervous system, muscular system and biomechanics in order to explain how people learn skills.
Motor learning is a field of science that uses a range of body systems, practice and sport psychology to learn a skill.
Motor learning is a field of science that explains how people learn skills by studying various systems of the body (such as the nervous system), and investigating practice and feedback.
A discrete motor skill is
a type of motor skill that is determined by the stability of the environment.
a type of motor skill that has a defined start and end.
a type of motor skill that is repetitive and cyclical.
a type of motor skill that is made up of many individual motor skills.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of motor skill learning?
consistency
improvement
stability
variability
At which stage of the information processing model does parallel processing take place?
stimulus identification
stimulus execution
response execution
response selection
Which of the following practice methods reflects the dynamic systems approach to learning new skills?
blocked practice, constant practice, random practice, varied practice
random practice, specificity practice, problem-solving drills, variability practice
massed practice, random practice, varied practice, problem-solving drills
massed practice, specificity practice, varied practice, problem-solving drills
Different degrees of speed, power and intensity are factors for which body and movement concept?
body awareness
quality of movement
relationships
space awareness
According to Fitts and Posner’s (1967) stage model of learning, a learner who cannot identify all relevant environmental cues might never progress from which stage of learning?
the cognitive stage
the associative stage
the autonomous stage
the information processing stage
Lacking the strength required to propel the ball to the volleyball is an example of what type of rate limiter?
physical
tactical
perceptual
physiological
The following diagram shows a soccer drill that will last for approximately five minutes before players change positions. The drill requires each player inside the square (i.e. those in blue) to pass the ball to an outside player (i.e. those in white) and move into a different position to receive the pass back. The size of the square can be changed depending upon the skill level of the players. This is an example of which type of practice?
massed practice
specificity practice
part practice
problem-solving practice
Which of the following statements is NOT concerned with the field of motor learning?
being able to identify the different stages of learning when acquiring a new skill
learning how to implement techniques to improve mental skills performance
understanding how different types of practice can improve decision making
developing an understanding of how skills can be transferred from one sport to another
Which of the following is classified as a fine motor skill?
jumping
skipping
throwing a ball
throwing a dart
Diving off a block is an example of:
a discrete motor skill.
a continuous motor skill.
a serial motor skill.
an open motor skill.
Which of the following reflects the characteristics of motor learning?
consistency, persistence, improvement, stability and changeability
development, flexibility, reliability, permanency and changeability
development, flexibility, reliability, permanency and adaptability
consistency, persistence, improvement, stability and adaptability
Identify the three types of constraints central to the dynamic systems approach to motor learning.
activity, surroundings and personal
task, environmental and individual
task, environmental and personal
activity, surroundings and individual
Blocked practice is when:
several different sets of skills are practised in an order that is constantly changing.
a skill is practised under the same conditions.
learners repeat an isolated skill for a period of time or a number of repetitions.
a skill is practised in a continuous and constant manner.
Using your knowledge of motor skills, how would you classify shooting an arrow in archery?
open, serial and closed
open, discrete and gross
closed, discrete and fine
closed, serial and fine
Why might an athlete fluctuate between the associative and the autonomous stages of learning?
they lose motivation in the sport and therefore move back to the associate level
they don’t listen to the feedback their coach is giving them
they don’t fluctuate between the two; they can only be in one stage
as they learn new skills, they need to practise them to become autonomous
When an athlete mixes up the order of skills in a training session, what type of practice are they participating in?
varied
problem solving
constant
specific
A soccer player practises penalty shots from the left side of the 18-yard box for 10 minutes, followed by 10 minutes of rest. This is then repeated on the right side of the 18-yard box. What type of practice is being used?
massed practice
constant practice
specificity practice
distributed practice
