which of the following volume regulator operate in response to increase intravascular volume?

Types of Natriuretic peptides (SATA)

which of the following NPR couple to guanyl cylate domains? (SATA)

Which of the following Natriuretic peptide binds with high affinity to NPR-A?

Which of the following Natriuretic peptide binds with high affinity to NPR-B?

ANP stimulates guanylate cyclase that decrease ­cGMP and cause relaxation

True or False

Natriuretic peptide effect is dilate the afferent arteriole but constrict efferent arteriole, Increase ­intraglomerular pressure and decrease Glomerular filtration rate

­ True or false

Vasopressin gives effect through which of following receptors?

V1 receptors located on collecting duct principal cells (Gq) and gives increase water reabsorption effect while V2 receptors located on vascular smooth muscles (Gs) and gives effect of constriction of arterioles

Water reabsorption effect of V2 (Gs) receptor is through increase cGMP

Which of the following includes modulation of renin release?

In RAAS system, increase level of renin gives which of the following effects through AT1 receptors

What are three common clinical conditions of edema formation?

Right Heart failure cause pulmonary edema while left heart failure cause peripheral edema

Most common risk factor for Heart failure

Pathophysiologic process of Right heart failure: Inability of the heart to  provide adequate blood  flow into the pulmonary  circulation at a normal  central venous pressure

Pathophysiologic process of left heart failure: Inability of the heart to  generate adequate  cardiac output to perfuse  vital tissues

What are main goals for management of heart failure?

Treatment of heart failure includes

Nephrotic Syndrome is excretion of 3 g or more protein in the urine due to glomerular injury

Clinical manifestation of Nephrotic Syndrome (SATA)

Treatment of Nephrotic syndrome includes (SATA)

Spironolactone inhibits epithelial Na+ transporter (ENaC) in the distal convoluted tubule? True or False

Deafness is a side effect of Eplerenone. True or False

Chlorthalidone has the shortest duration of action. True or false

Eplerenone can cause life threatening hyperkalemia when combined when combined with ACEIs

Spironolactone can cause hypokalemia when combined with ACEIs

Furosemide may increase incidence of toxicities with impaired renal function

Hydrochlorothiazide may increase incidence of toxicities with impaired renal function

Furosemide may cause hypercalcemia while Hydrochlorothiazide A/E is hypocalcemia

Hydrochlorothiazide is used in the 1st line therapy for acute relief of edema in heart failure

Ethacrynic acid is K sparing diuretic while Eplerenone is Loop diuretic

Loop diuretics are preferred over thiazides in the management of malignant hypertension and volume-based

hypertension in patients with advanced CKD.

Furosemide is 40 times more potent

than others Loop diuretics

Eplerenone cause more Gynecomastia than Spironolactone.

What are the following are volume regulators (SATA)