"The shot heard round the world" is a phrase that refers to the opening shot of the battle of _______________ and Concord on April 19, 1775, which began the American Revolutionary War. 

War tactic where the side using it will hide within their surroundings. For example, the Patriots in the Revolutionary War used their surroundings to their advantage like trees, rocks, houses, and walls. 

Agreement made between large and small U.S. states that partly defined the representation each state would have in the legislature under the United States Constitution. 

Model that divides the government into separate branches, each of which has separate and independent powers. By having multiple branches of government, this system helps to ensure that no one branch is more powerful than another. 

Each of the three branches of government can limit the powers of the others. This way, no one branch becomes too powerful. Each branch controls the power of the other branches to make sure that the power is balanced between them. 

The first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution, which reinforced guarantees of individual rights and of limitations on federal and state governments. 

An action, situation, or decision that has already happened and can be used as a reason why a similar action or decision should be performed or made.  

Four laws passed by the Federalist-dominated 5th United States Congress and signed into law by President John Adams in 1798. They made it harder for an immigrant to become a citizen (Naturalization Act), allowed the president to imprison and deport non-citizens who were deemed dangerous. 

Enormous land deal in which the United States, during the administration of Thomas Jefferson, purchased territory from France comprising the present-day American Midwest. 

Power of the U.S. Supreme Court to study laws and actions from Congress and the President to determine whether they are constitutional. 

Any community whose economy is based on producing and maintaining crops and farmland. 

Factors are those that drive people away from a place and draw people to a new location. 

Began in the 18th century, when agricultural societies became centered around manufacturing in urban cities. Inventions such as the transcontinental railroad, the cotton gin, & steam engine changed society.  

Document approved by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, that announced the separation of 13 North American British colonies from Great Britain.