1^st week AOG

2^nd week AOG

3^rd week AOG

4^th week AOG

The pathogenesis is homogenous and involves specific genes

The development of an abnormal squamous cell-lined connection between the two tubes results in the creation of TEF

The excess tissue growth may lead to incorporation of part of the esophagus into the posterior wall of the trachea

All of the above

Vasodilatation

Decrease in metabolism

May affect anesthetic agents that can cause over-dosage, postoperative hypoventilation or apnea

Metabolic alkalosis

May lead to aspiration events

Can compromise ventilation

Brought about by introduction of positive pressure ventilation

Insufflation of the stomach via the esophagus

Awake intubation is avoided completely due to difficulty in vigorous infants

It is imperative to maintain low airway pressures (10-15 cmH2O) when dealing with Inhalation or IV anesthesia with muscle relaxant use

Correct ETT position can be confirmed by the usual direct laryngoscopy

Avoid right main bronchus intubation at all cost

One-lung ventilation

Kinking of trachea

Vagal response

All of the above

Intact tracheal wall at the site of fistula

Contaminated lung

Generally “healthy” infant with TEF

Defective tracheal wall before the site of fistula

Almost all neonatal surgical “emergencies” are really “challenges

Immaturity of organ system in neonates does not alter pharmacology and physiology

Murmurs are normal and do not necessitate cardiology consult

One anomaly does not mandate a search for others

Airway protection

Temperature stabilization

Gastric decompression

Withholding antibiotic administration