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geonomes and dna

Total questions: 92

Worksheet time: 3hrs 4mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is sequencing and how do you sequence a genome

a)

a nutshell

b)

being a shark in the ocean when you have no prey to eat in order to survive

c)

equencing means determining the exact order of the base pairs in a segment of DNA.

d)

none of the above

e)

all of the above

2.

what are the phases in meiosis one in order

a)

prophasemetephase anaphase and telephase

b)

animal tree carrot

c)

rabbit mouse deer bear

d)

dilligaf

3.

in the reproductive stage the dna molecules

(a)  

4.

if you have dna then your dna chamber is a (n)

a)

double helix shape

b)

cat shape

c)

airpod

d)

elephant shape

5.

true or false: in meiosis the cells of dna split apart to create a daughter cell to pair up with the mother cell

a)

false

b)

true

6.

d

a)

p

b)

s

7.
Which of the following is not a component of DNA?
a)
5 Carbon Sugar
b)
Phosphate Group
c)
Carbon Base
d)
Nitrogen Base
8.

Which of following matches with Cytosine?

a)

Adenine

b)

Thymine

c)

Guanine

d)

Uracil

9.
A nitrogen base that bonds with cytosine; a purine
a)
thymine
b)
guanine
c)
helicase
d)
double helix
10.
Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine and Thymine are examples of
a)
DNA structure
b)
DNA bases
c)
DNA double helix
d)
Paired bases
11.
The building block of nucleic acids are nucleotides.  Nucleotides are composed of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a _________________ base.
a)
oxygen
b)
hydrogen
c)
nitrogen
d)
carbon
12.

An organism's genetic material is called:

a)

RNA

b)

nucleotides

c)

proteins

d)

DNA

13.

What are homologous chromosomes?

a)

Two chromosomes that are the same length

b)

Two chromosomes that have the centromere in the same position

c)

Two chromosomes that have genes for particular characteristics at the same location along their length

d)

All of the above

14.
Which of the following is not a nitrogen base found in DNA?
a)
Thymine
b)
Uracil 
c)
Guanine
d)
Adenine
15.

Our characteristics are controlled by

a)

DNA

b)

genes

c)

chromosomes

d)

parents

16.
Chromosomes are found in the ____________ of the cell
a)
Chloroplast
b)
Nucleus
c)
Cytoplasm
d)
Mitochondria
17.

DNA is an acronym for _____

a)

Diphosphorus Nucleic Acid

b)

Ribose Nucleic Acid

c)

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

d)

Deoxyribonucleic Acetate

18.
The DNA nucleotide is composed of three parts. Which two components make up the nucleotide backbone?
a)
ribose sugar and base
b)
ribose sugar and phosphate group
c)
nitrogen base and deoxyribose sugar
d)
deoxyribose sugar and phosphate group
19.

Mitosis starts with one cell and ends with...

a)

one

b)

two

c)

three

d)

four

20.

A cell organelle where proteins are synthesized by messenger RNA and transfer RNA

a)

mutagen

b)

chromosome

c)

nucleotide

d)

ribosome

e)

gene

21.

What does replicate mean?

a)

clean

b)

breed

c)

multiply

d)

copy

22.

Some characteristics are caused by both genetics and environmental influences, select all those that only genetic.

a)

Weight

b)

Scar

c)

Sporting ability

d)

Eye colour

e)

Blood group

23.

The two main causes of variation within a species are:

a)

Genetics

b)

Diet

c)

Environment

d)

Personality

24.

Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand

ATG TGA CAG

a)

ATG TGA CAG

b)

TAC ACT GTC

c)

GTA AGT GAC

d)

CAT TCA CTG

25.
Adenine bonds with ______________.
a)
Guanine
b)
Thymine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Adenine
26.

A gene is (mark all that apply)

a)

A distinct portion of the somatic cells responsible for increasing hormone concentrations during interphase

b)

A distinct sequence of nucleotides forming part of the chromosome

c)

A unit of heredity transferred from the parents to their offspring

d)

A type of protein

27.

Primary functions of DNA are (mark all that apply)

a)

Transmit information on heredity from one generation to the next

b)

Control cellular respiration

c)

Regulate homeostasis

d)

Provide a blueprint for making proteins

28.
What will the first four bases of the new DNA strand look like if copying the template strand?
a)
TGGT
b)
ACCA
c)
GTTG
d)
CAAC
29.

The new DNA strand formed after DNA replication is an exact copy of its parent strand

a)

True

b)

False

30.
Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA?
a)
amino acids
b)
nucleotides
c)
fatty acids
d)
polysaccharides
31.
Why is DNA important?
a)
it is very small and very complicated
b)
it's in everything
c)
it serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things
d)
because we eat it every day for energy
32.
Which 2 molecules form the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
a)
deoxyribose sugar and adenine
b)
deoxyribose sugar and a hydrogen bond
c)
deoxyribose sugar and the nucleus
d)
deoxyribose sugar and phosphate
33.
A process in which DNA has the unique ability to make an exact copy of itself.
a)
Replication
b)
Translation
c)
Transcription
34.
Nitrogenous bases are joined by which type of bond?
a)
polar bonds
b)
ionic bonds
c)
covalent bonds
d)
hydrogen bonds
35.
DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG
The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Inversion
36.
Which of the following is an example of a helpful mutation? 
a)
Develops speed 
b)
Decreases speed
c)
Increases weight gain 
d)
Develops no camflauge 
37.
What is the definition of DNA mutation? 
a)
The original DNA strand
b)
The strand with four pairs 
c)
A change in the DNA strand
d)
The strand in a double helix 
38.
What mutation has occurred here? 
T-G-A-C-C-A
T-G-A-G-C-A
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Frameshift 
39.
Nucleotides are made up of a sugar, phosphate, and..?
a)
nitrogenous base
b)
nucleic acid
c)
cholesterol
d)
fatty acid
40.
Replicate the following strand of DNA: 
AATCATGGA
a)
AATCATGGA
b)
TTAGTACCT
c)
UUAGUACCU
d)
GGATAUCUA
41.
What are the 4 nitrogen bases?
a)
adenine, thymine, cytoplasm, and guanine
b)
adenine, thymine cytosine, and guanine
c)
adenine, thymine, cytosine, and gylcerol
d)
adenine, thymine, cytosine, and glucose
42.
Who is responsible for producing this image?
a)
Francis Crick
b)
James Watson
c)
Rosalind Franklin
d)
Watson and Crick
43.
How did Rosalind Franklin's photo 51 affect the work of Watson and Crick?
a)
It was used to determine the physical structure of DNA
b)
It was used to identify the four bases that make up DNA
c)
It was used to determine the theory of independent assortment
d)
It was used to show DNA was the molecule of inheritance
44.

Which of these is not a possible effect of a mutation?

a)

a beneficial result

b)

a harmful result

c)

no effect

d)

base excision

45.
Which event is NOT part of the process of DNA replication?
a)
Ribosomes are synthesized.
b)
A double stranded molecule unwinds.
c)
Nitrogenous base pairs are formed.
d)
Hydrogen bonds are broken.
46.

Where do eukaryotic cells store DNA?

a)

In the nucleus

b)

In the mitochondria

c)

In the cytoplasm

d)

In the plasma membrane

47.

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY: Which of the following describes DNA?

a)

Double stranded

b)

Single stranded

c)

Double helix

d)

2 strands

48.

Which base partners with Cytosine?

a)

Thymine

b)

Guanine

c)

Adenine

49.

Which of the following is the monomers of DNA?

a)

amino acids

b)

nucleotides

c)

fatty acids

50.

Three consecutive nucleotides on a mRNA molecule

a)

Translation

b)

anticodon

c)

codon

51.

Three consecutive nucleotides on a tRNA molecule

a)

Translation

b)

Transcription

c)

anticodon

52.
tRNA is involved in
a)
carrying amino acids 
b)
carrying ribosomes
c)
carrying glucose
d)
carrying lipids
53.
Every three letters (example: ATC) in DNA codes for what??
a)
Amino Acid
b)
Nucleotide
c)
Lipid
d)
Carbohydrate
54.
What are the functions of genes?
a)
instructions for producing proteins
b)
instructions for producing DNA
c)
instructions for producing lipids
d)
they have no function
55.

What is the purpose of PCR?

a)

To produce millions of copies of the DNA genome

b)

To produce millions of copies of a specific region of DNA

c)

To add nucleotides to a DNA sequence

d)

To watch polymerase work.

56.

What does PCR stand for?

a)

Polymerase Cytoplasmic Reaction

b)

Polymerase Chromosomal Reaction

c)

Polymerase Chain Reaction

d)

Probably Cannot React

57.

What are the uses of PCR?

a)

Cloning

b)

Paternity Testing

c)

Genotyping

d)

DNA Profiling

58.

What type of bond holds the base pairs of DNA together?

a)

hydrogen

b)

covalent

c)

ionic

d)

peptide

59.

DNA is found in the nucleus of every cell

a)

true

b)

false

60.

The Y shape formed when DNA replicates is called

a)

replication fork

b)

Y-split

c)

DNA fork

d)

bubble

61.

Where in the cell is DNA found?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Cytoplasm

c)

Chloroplast

d)

Cell Membrane

62.

In mRNA what pairs up with Adenine?

a)

Guanine

b)

Cytosine

c)

Thymine

d)

Uracil

63.

What are sections of DNA that code for traits called?

a)

DNA

b)

Genes

c)

Chromosomes

d)

Nucleus

64.
The two strands of DNA run in opposite directions. This is called
a)
Double helix
b)
Anti parallel
c)
Anti perpendicular
d)
double stranded
65.
DNA Replication is
a)
conservative
b)
semiconservative
c)
liberal
d)
dispersive
66.
Sexual Reproduction has how many parents?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
67.
Asexual Reproduction has how many parents?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
68.
____________ is when an organism loses a body part that may develop into a new organism.
a)
Budding
b)
Fragmentation
c)
Regeneration
d)
Meiosis
69.
How many cells are created during Telophase II?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
70.
_____________________ is a process that produces cells with  half the chromosomes.
a)
Budding
b)
Fragementation
c)
Regeneration
d)
Meiosis
71.
The rungs of a DNA ladder are made up of ___________.
a)
Sugars
b)
Bases
c)
Phosphates
d)
Steel
72.
9). __________ happens when part of the parent organism pinches off and forms a new organism.
a)
Budding
b)
Fragmentation
c)
Regeneration
d)
Meiosis
73.
The sides of a DNA ladder are made up of __________.
a)
Thymine and Adenine
b)
Proteins and Sugars
c)
Proteins and Phosphates
d)
Phosphates and Sugars
74.
How many cells are created during Telophase I?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
75.

The codon that signals the start of translation (AUG)

a)

codon

b)

start codon

c)

anticodon

d)

stop codon

76.

RNA turns into protein...The process that reads an mRNA message and turns it into a polypeptide

a)

replication

b)

translation

c)

transcription

d)

central dogma

77.

A compound containing one phosphorus and four oxygen atoms. It helps make up the backbone of DNA.

a)

central dogma

b)

RNA

c)

nucleotides

d)

phosphate group

78.

An RNA molecule that transfers amino acids in the cytoplasm to the growing polypeptide.

a)

rRNA

b)

mRNA

c)

tRNA

d)

RNA

79.

A 5-carbon ring shaped sugar molecule that also helps make the backbone of DNA

a)

phosphate

b)

deoxyribose

c)

ribose

d)

DNA polymerase

80.

An RNA molecule that forms part of a ribosome.

a)

mRNA

b)

rRNA

c)

tRNA

d)

RNA

81.

A single or double ring molecule built primarily of nitrogen and carbon. It connects to to deoxyribose and helps form the "rungs" of the DNA ladder

a)

nitrogen bases

b)

phosporous

c)

deoxyribose

82.

An RNA molecule that carries a message, which later gets translated into a protein

a)

RNA

b)

mRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

tRNA

83.

The enzyme that helps with transcription.

a)

DNA polymerase

b)

RNA polymerase

84.

Two scientists credited for defining the shape of DNA which would help us understand how DNA passes on genetic information.

a)

Hershey and Chase

b)

Watson and Crick

c)

Baby Ruth and Fitzgerald

85.

A bonds to T and C bonds to G.

a)

nucleotides

b)

ATCG

c)

nitrogen bases

d)

Base pairing rules

86.

An enzyme that bonds nucleotides together

a)

RNA polymerases

b)

DNA polymerase

87.

A description of how DNA is used to make proteins.

a)

replication

b)

central dogma

c)

transcription

d)

translation

88.

A mutation that occurs when a single nucleotide is added or deleted.

a)

point mutation

b)

frameshift mutation

c)

substitution

89.

The complement to an mRNA codon, and it is attached to a tRNA molecule.

a)

anticodon

b)

codon

c)

stop codon

d)

start codon

90.

The codon that signals the end of an amino acid chain

a)

start codon

b)

codon

c)

stop codon

d)

anticodon

91.

A type of mutation that occurs if a nucleotide is changed. (substitution)

a)

frameshift mutation

b)

point mutation

c)

insertion

d)

deletion

92.

DNA makes RNA... the process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce a complementary strand of RNA.

a)

replication

b)

trascription

c)

translation

d)

central dogma

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