Phases of Greek Architecture

▪Structures were generally rough and massive.

▪ Use of corbelled arch.

What does the term "Tholos" mean?

This phase pertains to ancient Greek history, culture and art.

▪ The temple became the chief building type.

"Columnar and trabeated"

Known as the "City on the height."

In classical Greek architecture, a city stronghold or fortress constructed on higher ground than surrounding urban fabric.

The sacred area or enclosure surrounding a classical Greek temple.

A monumental gateway to a sacred enclosure, fortification, town or square.

Located in Athens, Greece

Architects: Ictinus and Callicrates.

Built in honor of Athena, the city’s patron goddess.

Identify part "A" of the Parthenon/Greek temple

Identify part "B" of the Parthenon

Identify part "C" of the Parthenon

An optical correction of slight convex curve in the shaft of a greek column

What do you call a greek temple with "12" columns in the front facade?

Determines the type of colonnade a classical temple has.

What is a type of column arrangement that has double lines but its inner columns are attached to the "Naos"

The systematic spacing of columns expressed as multiples of column diameters.

Roman architect that created the "Rules for Diameter, Height, and Spacing of Columns"

Oldest, simplest and most massive of the three Greek orders.

Its is Fluted (concave curves) and has no base

Used for smaller buildings and interiors

Characteristics: Fluted columns typically had molded bases

Capital: spiral volutes.

The corinthian order is similar to the Ionic order in its base, column, and entablature, but its capital is more ornate, carved with two tiers of curly ___ leaves.

Designed by Icnitus, this temple is where the first corinthian column is first used

Identify parts of a greek column.

What part is letter A?

Identify parts of a greek column.

What part is letter C?

Identify parts of a greek column.

What part is letter D?

Identify parts of a greek column.

What part is letter e?

Identify parts of a greek column.

What part is letter F?

Identify parts of a greek column.

What part is letter G?

Identify parts of a greek column.

What part is letter H?

Identify parts of a greek column.

What part is letter I?

a carved statuesque column of a draped female figure carrying a basket, or with a basket on her head.

Identify the temple being shown in the image

A market or meeting place in a Greek city, the hub of public life where the most important public buildings were situated.

Designed for the presentation of plays in which choral songs and dances were prominent features. Open-air, usually hollowed out of the slope of a hillside with a tiered seating area around and facing a circular orchestra backed by the skene, a building for the actor’s use.

Designed for the presentation of plays in which choral songs and dances were prominent features. Open-air, usually hollowed out of the slope of a hillside with a tiered seating area around and facing a circular orchestra backed by the skene, a building for the actor’s use.

What is the main difference of Greek and Roman Temple?

An ancient Greek portico, usually detached and of considerable length, used as a promenade or meeting place around public places

Senate house; A public town hall for the citizens of ancient Greece, containing state banquet halls and hospitality suites.

Council chamber with rows of stepped benches surrounding a central platform.

An ancient Greek elongated sports venue with rounded ends, surrounded on all sides by banked spectator stands; venue for foot racing.

A roofed theatre building in antiquity, especially one for the performance of vocal and instrumental music.

An ancient Greek elongated sports venue with rounded ends, surrounded on all sides by banked spectator stands; venue for foot racing.

An open or roofed track or arena for chariot and horse racing in ancient Greece.

Wrestling house; A place used for the instruction and practice of wrestling and athletics.

An early Greek dwelling type.

A long rectangular central hall in a Mycenaean palace complex, which may have served as a temple.

A Greek dwelling-type entered from the street via a passage to an open courtyard, around which all spaces are arranged; the principal rooms are accessed via a niche-like anteroom or prostas.

A dwelling-type from the classical period of northern Greece, 423–348 BC, with a courtyard in the centre of the south side and deep columned veranda or pastas affording access to rooms.

A Greek dwelling-type whose open courtyard is surrounded by colonnades on all sides, often more luxurious.

Urban Planning in Greece;

A rectilinear town layout in which blocks of dwellings are divided up by narrow side streets linked together by wider main roads, developed by the Ionian Hippodamus of Miletus in the 5th century BC.

The core fortified area of a greek town or city, it is a smaller part of the city of which it is the defensive core. Ancient Sparta had a ___, as did many other Greek cities and towns.

Influenced by the Etruscans, and combined their use of the arch, vault, and dome with the Greeks’ columns.

▪ The invention and development of concrete led to a system of vaulting, which demonstrated their sophisticated engineering skills. ▪ Placed an emphasis on monumental public buildings.

The Roman Orders The orders of ancient Roman classical architecture consists of:

Roman concrete Combined volcanic ash and lime with sand, water, and gravel.

A curved structure for spanning an opening, designed to support a vertical load primarily by axial compression.

An arched structure of stone, brick, or reinforced concrete, forming a ceiling or roof over a hall room, or other wholly or partially enclosed space.

Civil Buildings in Roman Architecture:

The public square or marketplace of an ancient Roman city, the center of judicial and business affairs, and a place of assembly for the people, usually including a basilica and a temple.

Civil Buildings in Roman Architecture:

No streets and no spatial or axial connections between the spaces; the elements are simply bonded to each other to create a sequence of open, colonnaded, and enclosed spaces.

Civil Buildings in Roman Architecture:

Oldest forum in Rome; Republican Forum; Open space, rectangular in shape, enclosed by different institutional and public buildings, serving as the city's marketplace and centre of public business.

Civil Buildings in Roman Architecture:

A Roman building-type, rectangular in shape with an apse at either end, used as a meeting place, courthouse, marketplace, and lecture hall.

Civil Buildings in Roman Architecture:

Establishments that were built for washing, as well as exercising, entertaining, and conducting business.

Civil Buildings in Roman Architecture:

Gymnasium of Hadrian, Ephesus, Turkey. Centre for sports, with buildings, playing areas and baths.

Civil Buildings in Roman Architecture:

A classical arena for gladiatorial contests and spectacles consisting of an oval or round space surrounded by tiered seating for spectators.

World's largest unreinforced dome