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WorksheetsNC Biology 2019 Released Exam
Total questions: 60
Worksheet time: 45mins
Which is the primary function of a vacuole in a cell? (1.1.1)
enzyme production
protein synthesis
storage
reproduction
What determines the function of a specialized cell? (1.1.3)
the type of RNA in the cell
the number of ribosomes in the cell
the number of chromosomes in the cell
the active genes in the cell
This diagram shows a red blood cell in a beaker that contains a higher salt concentration than that inside the red blood cell. What will happen to the red blood cell in this environment? (1.2.1)
The size of the red blood cell will remain constant.
The red blood cell will swell at first and then shrink.
The red blood cell will swell from absorbing salt molecules
The red blood cell will shrink from losing water molecules
During which phase of the cell cycle does most cell growth occur? (1.2.2)
cytokinesis
interphase
prophase
mitosis
This diagram represents a closed terrarium exposed to sunlight. What must happen for the carbon cycle to continue in this terrarium? (2.1.1)
All organisms must continue to exchange gases
The snails must double their production of cabron dioxide
The plant must produce carbon dioxide at a faster rate
The decomposers must begin to produce oxygen
In nature, what type of behavior causes animals to produce aggressive displays and sounds? (2.1.3)
imprinting
territoriality
conditioning
habituation
What will most likely occur if the population of the world continues to increase at predicted rates? (2.2.1)
There will be an increase in biodiversity as a result of improvements in technology
There will be a rapid depletion of natural resources
The human race will rapidly become extinct
All human diseases will be eliminated
What will most likely happen if a nonnative species is introduced into a stable ecosystem? (2.2.2)
The native species will change their diet, and the ecosystem will remain stable
The native species will move to another area, and the ecosystem will remain stable.
The native species will have to compete for resources with the nonnative species, and the ecosystem will become unbalanced
The native species will share their food with the introduced species, and the ecosystem will become unbalanced
Why must DNA replication have to occur before a cell divides by mitosis? (3.1.1)
To maintain the same number of chromosomes in the daughter cells as in the parent cells.
To cause one of the cells produced to have double the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
To allow crossing over to occur in each of the cells produced
To cause all of the cells produced to have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
A section of DNA has these bases
TAG CAG TAC
Which mRNA sequence is produced from this DNA section? (3.1.2)
ATC GTC ATG
AUC GUC AUG
AUG CUG AUC
UTC GTC UTG
Which process can occur in both mitosis and meiosis? (3.2.1)
fertilization
independent assortment
gene mutation
crossing over
How do some chemicals increase the risk of a person getting cancer? (3.2.3)
by causing cell mutations
by causing a deficiency of vitamin D
by causing an increase of toxins in the skin
by causing a decrease in the immune response
What is the difference between the DNA of a dog and the DNA of a fly? (3.3.1)
the type of sugar building blocks
the sequence of nucleotides
the strength of hydrogen bonds
the strength of covalent bonds
Which would be a desirable trait scientists may want to create in a transgenic plant? (3.3.2)
the ability to resist insects
the ability to grow less fruit
the ability to change color in winter
the ability to use a lot of water
Which substance do biochemists often search for in fossils to help better understand the evolutionary relationships of the organism that formed the fossil? (3.4.1)
ATP
DNA
iron
oxygen
Scientists believe that a polar bear in Alaska and the brown bear in Russia evolved from a common ancestor. Which would be responsible for this evolutionary change? (3.4.2)
artificial selection
asexual reproduction
sexual competition
geographic isolation
What is a the basis for the earliest classification system of organisms? (3.5.1)
physical characteristics
differences in habitat
evolutionary relationships
reproductive patterns
Waxes create a waterproof layer on the outside of some living organisms. To which group of organic molecules do waxes belong? (4.1.1)
carbohydrates
lipids
nucleic acids
proteins
Which best summarizes the role of DNA in the production of proteins? (4.1.2)
DNA moves to the cytoplasm to build proteins
DNA transports amino acids to the ribosomes to make proteins
DNA contains the instructions used to make proteins
DNA breaks hydrogen bonds between amino acids
A student noticed that the freshwater plant, Elodea, produced bubbles when placed in direct light. What could the student most likely conclude? (4.2.1)
Bubbles of carbon dioxide were produced as a result of photosynthesis.
Bubbles of oxygen were produced as a result of photosynthesis
Bubbles of carbon dioxide were produced as a result of cellular respiration
Bubbles of oxygen were produced as a result of cellular respiration
Plant cells are able to produce their own food. This process happens in which structure? (1.1.1)
cell wall
chloroplast
mitochondrion
vacuole
These diagrams show a variety of cells from the same organism. How can cells from the same organism have such different shapes and functions? (1.1.3)
As each cell differentiates, the DNA changes so that each type of cell has different DNA once it reaches maturity.
Mutations in the cells' nuclei lead to new combinations of DNA, resulting in different shapes and functions in the different types of cells.
During differentiation, different parts of the DNA in each type of cell are activated, resulting in the different structure and function of the cells.
During differentiation, different types of cells produce proteins which destroy the nonactive DNA, leading to cell specialization.
Which statement best explains how sweating during exercise maintains homeostasis? (1.2.1)
It regulates mineral concentration in cells
It regulates body temperature
It maintains water balance
It maintains sugar balance in cells
The chemical colchicine disrupts cell division. Which cell process would most likely stop if colchicine were added to a culture of human liver cells? (1.2.2)
mitosis
meiosis
crossing over
active transport
Which statement best describes why animals are considered heterotrophic? (2.1.2)
They are able to produce food through the process of photosynthesis.
They are able to produce food through the process of respiration.
They are able to obtain nutrients by decomposing plant and animal tissue.
They are able to obtain nutrients by consuming other organisms or their products.
In some ecosystems, wolves have been eliminated due to their threats to humans. How can the reintroduction of wolves benefit the ecosystem? (2.1.3)
It can eliminate weak animals from a prey population, thereby decreasing competition for natural resources.
It can eliminate the most fit animals among the prey population, which will cause and increase in birthrates of prey
It can cause the prey population to migrate to other areas, resulting in more fit prey.
It can cause the prey population to better blend in with their environment.
What will most likely be the result as humans move into new areas, forests are clear cut and housing developments are built? (2.2.1)
Global temperatures will decrease because trees are removed.
Many organisms will lose their homes because their habitats have been destroyed.
Better sanitation in the area will reduce the amount of pollution.
The rainfall in the area will increase because there will be increased runoff.
What activity most contributes to the depletion of the ozone layer? (2.2.2)
burning fossil fuels
release of CFCs
deforestation
overuse of fertilizer
Which effect could a mutation in mRNA have on production of proteins? (3.1.1)
The protein will have a different identity.
The protein produced will have a coiled shape.
The protein produced will produce excess nitrogen.
The protein produced will produce excess water.
What carries the instructions for making amino acids in a protein? (3.1.2)
the nitrogen base on the tRNA
the hydrogen bonding between nitrogen bases
the sequence of nitrogen bases on the mRNA
the nitrogen base bonding on the DNA molecule
How are mitosis and meiosis similar? (3.2.1)
both have two cell divisions
both require DNA replication
both produce gametes
both involve crossing over
Genetically identical plants will produce either pink or blue flowers, depending on the type of soil in which they are planted. What is most likely the explanation for the differences in flower color? (3.2.3)
The flower-color gene is codominant
Mutations alter the flower-color gene
The flower-color gene is sex-linked
Environmental factors affect flower color
This diagram shows DNA fingerprints for a child and four adults. Which adult is most likely a parent of the child? (3.3.1)
Adult 1
Adult 2
Adult 3
Adult 4
Which transgenic organism has been used to clean up oil spills? (3.3.2)
bacteria
fungus
jellyfish
paramecia
An antibiotic which was effective 20 years ag against a specific type of bacterial infection no longer works against the same infection today. Which best explains why the antibiotic is no longer as effective as it was 20 years ago? (3.4.3)
Bacteria resistant o the antibiotic have killed off the nonresistant bacteria.
Viruses have changed the structure of the bacteria that causes the infection.
Resistant bacteria have survived and reproduced at a greater rate than nonresistant bacteria.
The human body has developed an immunity to the antibiotics.
An insecticide kills most of the ants on a plant. Over time, it is determined that the insecticide is not as effective for killing ants. Which statement best explains the observation? (3.4.3)
The ants killed initially by the insecticide were genetically te same as the surviving ants.
The ants killed initially by the insecticide has thinner cell membranes than the surviving ants.
The ants that survived were younger than those that died as a result of the insecticide.
The ants killed by the insecticide and the surviving ants were genetically different.
Multicellular eukaryotic autotrophs belong to which kingdom? (3.5.2)
Animalia
Fungi
Plantae
Protista
Salivary amylase is an enzyme in humans that breaks down starches. What substance would humans have difficulty digesting without this enzyme? (4.1.1)
lipids
nucleic acids
proteins
carbohydrates
Which best explains why the rate of a biochemical reaction decreases at high temperatures? (4.1.3)
The activation energy increases
The shape of the enzyme changes
The enzyme-substrate complex forms
The bonds between substrates are broken
A contractile vacuole helps protists eliminate excess liquid. This is a "pumping" process which reduces pressure inside the cell and prevents the cell from bursting. What is most likely the source of energy for this process? (4.2.2)
DNA
lipids
ATP
ribosomes
What do both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells contain? (1.1.2)
membrane-bound organelles
linear chromosomes
cytoplasm
a nucleus
Which of these cells in the human body is specialized to transport oxygen throughout the body? (1.1.3)
What would most likely be produced when a cell with eight chromosomes undergoes mitosis? (1.2.2)
two cells with four chromosomes each
two cells with eight chromosomes each
four cells with four chromosomes each
four cells with eight chromosomes each
This diagram shows a Paramecium, a unicellular protist. When a chemical is added to the pond water in which Paramecium lives, the Paramecium stops moving. Which structure is most likely affected? (1.2.3)
1
2
3
4
Which adaptation do ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms have that mosses do not have? (2.1.2)
chloroplasts
flowers
stomata
vascular tissue
Which graph best illustrates the growth of a population introduced into an environment with limited resources? (2.1.4)
Which will most likely result in a negative growth rate in the human population of a country? (2.2.1)
The death rate is higher than the birth rate
The birth rate is higher than the death rate
The country has improved economic standards
The country has made improvements in sanitation
Why are many farmers encouraged to plant different types of crops on the same land throughout the year? (2.2.2)
It prevents insects from destroying crops.
It provides more food to other countries.
It allows for more genetic variations in plants.
It helps to preserve the quality of the soil.
During translation, what does the tRNA deliver to the ribosomes? (3.1.2)
amino acids
DNA
mRNA
proteins
Which will most likely cause an increase in the frequency of genetic mutations in humans? (3.1.3)
increased exposure to mold spores in the air
increased exposure to the rising levels of atmospheric CO2
increased exposure to bacteria in drinking water
increased exposure to X-rays
Having freckles is dominant over not having freckles. If two individuals heterozygous for freckles have a child, what is the probability the child will have freckles? (3.2.2)
0%
25%
50&
75%
Identical twin girls are separated at birth and cared for by two different families. After twenty years, the twins have different heights and weights. What is most likely the cause of these differences? (3.2.3)
One twin had a genetic condition that prevented her from growing tall.
The DNA of one twin was different from the DNA of the other twin.
Each twin was provided a different diet and physical activities.
The proteins made by one twin were different that the proteins made by the other twin.
What is the function of a restriction enzyme? (3.3.1)
to control the movement of proteins in a cell.
to regulate blood sugar levels
to produce hormones that regulate digestion
to cut DNA at a specific nucleotide sequence
Some marine worms and mollusks go through similar larval stages during development. Which can be inferred about their relationship? (3.4.1)
They share a common ancestor.
They mate with eachother.
They compete for habitat.
They share the same food source.
Which statement best describes natural selection? (3.4.2)
As the weather changes, organisms that are able to find shelter need less energy to live.
Organisms that eat only plants need less food than organisms that eat animals.
Organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to reproduce and pass on their traits to their offspring.
Small organisms are more likely to survive than larger organisms.
Some scientist claim recent evidence suggests birds should be reclassified to share more taxonomic groups with dinosaurs. What type of evidence would provide the best support for this claim? (3.5.1)
evidence showing birds shared similar habitats with dinosaurs
evidence showing birds shared similar nutritional requirements as dinosaurs
evidence showing birds shared similar behaviors with dinosaurs
evidence showing birds shared a common genetic history with dinosaurs
This is a dichotomous key for selected arthropods. The diagram shows a caddis fly. To which order does the caddis fly belong? (3.5.2)
Acarina
Diptera
Siphonaptera
Trichoptera
Which molecules are joined together to make proteins? (4.1.2)
fatty acids
nucleic acids
amino acids
acetic acids
Which word equation best represents the process of cellular respiration? (4.2.1)
carbon dioxide + glucose → oxygen + water
carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen
glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
oxygen + water → carbon dioxide + glucose
How does the body of a runner keep up with the demand for energy when cellular oxygen levels are low? (4.2.2)
through energy production in the mitochondria
through aerobic respiration in the plasma membrane
through ATP produced directly from sunlight
through anaerobic respiration in the cytoplasm
