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WorksheetsAP Bio Semester Exam- Unit 2
Total questions: 46
Worksheet time: 46mins
All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except
DNA.
a plasma membrane.
Ribosomes.
an endoplasmic reticulum.
Which of the following is a major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells?
limitation on the strength and integrity of the plasma membrane as cell size increases
the difference in plasma membranes between prokayotes and eukaryotes
evolutionary progression in cell size; more primitive cells have smaller sizes
the need for sufficient surface area to support the cell's metabolic needs
Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?
Lipids
Glycoproteins
Proteins
cellulose
Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell?
rough ER
Lysosomes
Plasmodesmata
Golgi vesicles
The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and therefore abundant in liver cells?
rough ER
smooth ER
Golgi apparatus
nuclear envelope
What evolutionary advantage does compartmentalization of core metabolic processes offer eukaryotes?
Evolution of the mitochondria allowed eukaryotes to perform respiration.
With the evolution of mitochondria in eukaryotes, the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain also evolved.
Evolution of a nucleus in eukaryotes separates the processes of transcription and translation and they can be regulates separately.
A nucleus in bacteria provides separation of respiration from transcription.
Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large, complex, undigested lipids. Which cellular organelle must be involved in this condition?
the endoplasmic reticulum
the Golgi apparatus
the lysosome
Mitochondrion
A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from
a bacterium.
an animal, but not a plant.
nearly any eukaryotic organism.
any kind of organism
In a plant cell, DNA may be found
only in the nucleus.
only in the nucleus and mitochondria.
only in the nucleus and chloroplasts.
in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.
The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved
endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cell— the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria.
anaerobic archaea taking up residence inside a larger bacterial host cell to escape toxic oxygen—the anaerobic bacterium evolved into chloroplasts.
an endosymbiotic fungal cell that evolved into the nucleus.
acquisition of an endomembrane system, and subsequent evolution of mitochondria from a position of the Golgi.
Which organelle or structure is absent in plant cells?
Mitochondria
Centrosomes
chloroplasts
Ribosomes
Movement of the vesicles within the cell depends on what cellular structures?
microtubules
microfilaments
ribosomes
centrioles
Centrioles, cilia, flagella, and basal bodies have remarkably similar structural elements and arrangements. Which of the following hypotheses is most plausible in light of such structural similarities?
Cilia and flagella arise from the centrioles.
Loss of basal bodies should lead to loss of all cilia, flagella, and centrioles.
Motor proteins such as dynein must have evolved before any of these four kinds of structures.
Cilia and flagella coevolved in the same ancestral eukaryotic organism.
The cell walls of bacteria, fungi, and plant cells and the extracellular matrix of animal cells are all external to the plasma membrane. Which of the following is a characteristic common to all of these extracellular structures?
They must block water and small molecules in order to regulate the exchange of matter and energy with their environment.
They must permit information transfer between the cell's cytoplasm and the nucleus.
They must provide a rigid structure that maintains an appropriate ratio of cell surface area to volume.
They are constructed of polymers that are synthesized in the cytoplasm and then transported out of the cell.
Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following structures in animal cells?
peroxisomes
desmosomes
gap junctions
extracellular matrix
Which organelle is most critical for removing old, damaged organelles
smooth ER
peroxisomes
rough ER
Lysosomes
Signals from the ECM to the cytoskeleton may be transmitted by
fibronectin.
Proteoglycans.
Integrins.
Collagen.
Some regions of the plasma membrane, called lipid rafts, have a higher concentration of cholesterol molecules. At high temperatures, these regions
are more fluid than the surrounding membrane.
are less fluid than the surrounding membrane.
are able to flip from inside to outside.
detach from the plasma membrane and clog arteries.
The presence of cholesterol in the plasma membranes of some animals
enables the membrane to stay fluid more easily when cell temperature drops.
enables the animal to remove hydrogen atoms from saturated phospholipids.
enables the animal to add hydrogen atoms to unsaturated phospholipids.
makes the membrane less flexible, allowing it to sustain greater pressure from within the cell.
In order for a protein to be an integral membrane protein it would have to be
Hydrophilic.
Hydrophobic.
amphipathic, with at least one hydrophobic region.
Completely covered with phospholipids.
A protein that spans the phospholipid bilayer one or more times is
transmembrane protein.
an integral protein.
a peripheral protein.
an integrin.
Why are lipids and proteins free to move laterally in membranes?
The interior of the membrane is filled with liquid water.
Lipids and proteins repulse each other in the membrane.
Hydrophilic portions of the lipids are in the interior of the membrane.
There are only weak hydrophobic interactions in the interior of the membrane.
The movement of the hydrophobic gas nitrous oxide (N2O) (laughing gas) into a cell is an example of
diffusion across the lipid bilayer.
facilitated diffusion.
active transport.
osmosis.
Plant cell walls are composed of cellulose, while fungal cell walls are composed of chitin. A group of scientists hypothesize that this difference means the cell wall has largely different functions in plant cells and fungal cells. Alternatively, another group of scientists hypothesize that despite their biochemical differences, plant and fungal cell walls serve similar functions. Which of the following observations would best support the alternative hypothesis describes above?
Plant cell walls are found just outside the plasma membrane, while fungal cell walls are found just beneath the plasma membrane.
In both plant cells and fungal cells, the cell wall surrounds the outside of the cell membrane.
Some plant cells have secondary cell walls that confer additional rigidity, while fungal cells do not.
Photosynthesis occurs in plant cells, but it does not occur in fungal cells.
Which of the following statements is correct about diffusion?
It is very rapid over long distances.
It requires an expenditure of energy by the cell.
It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
It is an active process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration.
Mammalian blood contains the equivalent of 0.15 M NaCl. Seawater contains the equivalent of 0.45 M NaCl. What will happen if red blood cells are transferred to seawater?
Water will leave the cells, causing them to shrivel and collapse.
NaCl will be exported from the red blood cells by facilitated diffusion.
The blood cells will take up water, swell, and eventually burst.
NaCl will passively diffuse into the red blood cells.
A bacterium engulfed by a white blood cell through phagocytosis will be digested by enzymes contained in
Peroxisomes.
Lysosomes.
Golgi vesicles.
Vacuoles.
Which cellular structure is common to all three domains of life?
Nucleus
endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondria
Ribosomes
A patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. In an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water— equal to the volume of blood lost— is transferred directly into one of his veins. What will be the probable result of this transfusion?
The patient's red blood cells will swell because the blood fluid has become hypotonic compared to the cells.
It will have no unfavorable affect as long as the water is free of viruses and bacteria.
The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid has become hypotonic compared to the cells.
The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid has become hypertonic compared to the cells.
Which of the following is true of integral membrane proteins?
They lack tertiary structure.
They are usually transmembrane proteins.
They are loosely bound to the surface of the bilayer.
They are not mobile within the bilayer.
The cell membranes of Antarctic ice fish might have which of the following adaptations?
very long chain fatty acids
branched isoprenoid lipids
a high percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids
a higher percentage of trans fatty acids
Water passes quickly through cell membranes because
the bilayer is hydrophilic.
it moves through hydrophobic channels.
it is a small, polar, charged molecule.
it moves through aquaporins in the membrane.
Which of the following statements is correct about facilitated diffusion?
It is very rapid over long distances.
It requires an expenditure of energy by the cell.
It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
It is an active process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration.
Which of the following is not an argument for the theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from prokaryotic endosymbionts?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own ribosomes.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA.
The mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes are circular.
All of the above support the endosymbiotic theory.
When a plant cell, such as one from a peony stem, is submerged in a very hypotonic solution, what is likely to occur?
The cell will burst.
The cell membrane will lyse.
The cell will become flaccid.
The cell will become turgid.
In receptor-mediated endocytosis, receptor molecules initially project to the outside of the cell. Where do they end up after endocytosis?
on the outside of vesicles
on the inside surface of the cell membrane
on the inside surface of the vesicle
on the outer surface of the nucleus
Which is not part of a prokaryotic cell?
nucleiod
chloroplast
ribosome
plasma membrane
Which is not part of a eukaryotic cell?
nucleiod
chloroplast
ribosome
plasma membrane
The manner in which several different ions and molecules move through a cell membrane is shown in the diagram above. For each ion or molecule, the relative concentration on each side of the membrane is indicated. Which of the following accurately describes one of the movements taking place?
Glucose is transported into the cell by active transport.
Na+ is transported into the cell by active transport.
The movement of glucose through the membrane requires ATP hydrolysis
Na+ transport out of the cell requires ATP hydrolysis.
Aquaporins are channel proteins that facilitate the transport of water across the cell membrane. One group of researchers hypothesizes that without functional aquaporins, no water will be able to enter the cell. A different group proposes an alternate hypothesis, stating that even with nonfunctional aquaporins, a small amount of water will still cross the cell membrane. An experiment is set up in which plant cells with mutated (nonfunctional) aquaporins and plant cells with normally functioning aquaporins are both placed in distilled water. Which of the following data would support the alternative hypothesis?
Cells with functional aquaporins exhibit low turgor pressure and are hypertonic.
Cells with functional aquaporins exhibit high turgor pressure and are hypotonic.
Cells with mutated aquaporins exhibit an absence of turgor pressure and are completely plasmolyzed.
Cells with mutated aquaporins exhibit moderate turgor pressure and are hypertonic.
Which of the following best describes a feature shown in the diagram that is unique to archaea and bacteria?
The organism is surrounded by a cell wall.
The organism contains ribosomes.
The organism does not have a nuclear membrane surrounding its genetic material.
The organism is not capable of making or providing itself with ATP.
Site of conversion of chemical energy glucose to ATP
(a)
Site of carbohydrate, and lipid synthesis
(a)
Site of transport of materials into and out of the cell
(a)
Evolved from a photoautotrophic proaryote
(a)
Water storage component
(a)
