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HUGEO Midterm Study Guide

Total questions: 45

Worksheet time: 26mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

A formal region defines an area in which

a)

a core dominates its surrounding hinterland

b)

a transportation network links different types of land use

c)

there is uniformity in one or more physical or human characteristics

d)

there are significant geographic variations in physical or human characteristics

e)

a unified government system has been established

2.

Which of the following is the primary assumption of environmental determinism?

a)

Human destiny is controlled by the cultural environment .

b)

The physical environment has little influence on humans .

c)

Humans have complete control over the physical environment .

d)

Many human adaptations are possible within a specific physical environment .

e)

The physical environment controls human culture .

3.

Which of the following scales of analysis would provide demographic data that could be used to compare one urban neighborhood to other urban neighborhoods across a country?

a)

State or province

b)

Metropolitan area or urban region

c)

County or parish (in Quebec and Louisiana)

d)

City or municipality

e)

Census tract or enumeration area

4.

Which of the following describes the perspective of environmental determinism?

a)

A twentieth-century idea that human cultures are imprinted on the landscape in different forms of land use and architecture

b)

A contemporary ecological view that human activity is affecting the global environment toward a negative outcome

c)

A former scientific viewpoint stating that factors within the physical geography of a region shape the local population’s culture and behaviors

d)

A theory that humans hold the ability to modify Earth’s physical geography to meet the resource needs of a society

e)

A belief system based on an ideology that humans have dominion over Earth and its natural resources

5.

In descriptions of interaction between people and the environment, the term “environmental determinism” implies that

a)

the physical environment exclusively shapes humans and their actions

b)

humans by their actions and technologies alter the physical environment to suit their needs

c)

determination of environmental limitations is a primary task of geographers

d)

capitalist economies do not contribute to global environmental degradation

e)

there exists no interacting relationship between people and their surrounding physical environment

6.

Which of the following terms best describes regions that make up the political geographic divisions within a country?

a)

Cultural

b)

Perceptual

c)

Vernacular

d)

Physical

e)

Formal

7.

Which of the following sets of maps would help explain how scale of inquiry affects truth?

a)

Maps showing the area of France before and after surveying

b)

Maps of Hudson Bay drawn by Native Americans and by the earliest European travelers

c)

Maps showing Michigan's population density by counties and the United States population density by state

d)

Maps showing the number of auto thefts per block in Seattle in the decades before and after the Depression

e)

Maps of gang graffiti in Philadelphia

8.

Which of the following scales is represented in the map shown?

a)

Local, showing the towns and township areas in a county

b)

Regional, showing the states or provinces in one part of a country

c)

State or province, showing the counties or parishes

d)

Neighborhood, showing the block along street boundaries

e)

Block, showing the property lines and names of owners

9.

The map above represents what kind of projection?

a)

A Mercator projection with distorted land areas

b)

A planar projection with diverging lines at the poles

c)

A homolosine projection with continuity of landmasses

d)

A Robinson projection with distortions at the equator

e)

A gnomonic projection with distortions of bodies of water

10.

The images show a topographic map and a geographic information systems (GIS) representation of Mount Shasta in California. Which of the following statements best explains why these printed images are geometrically distorted representations of Earth’s surface?

a)

Some maps do not show the actual coloration of Earth’s surface and vegetation.

b)

GIS can only display two-dimensional layers.

c)

The planet’s gravitational poles are not located at the poles of Earth’s axis.

d)

The three dimensions of Earth’s surface are displayed on a two-dimensional page.

e)

Printed maps alter the sense of place that people can have about a location.

11.

Every map projection has some degree of distortion because

a)

a curved surface cannot be represented on a flat surface without distortion

b)

parallels and meridians never cross at right angles on a globe

c)

the grid system is two-dimensional, while the real world is three-dimensional

d)

Earth is not a perfect sphere

e)

latitude lines are shorter than meridian lines

12.

Which of the following statements about the Robinson projection is correct?

a)

It is more useful for long-distance navigation than the Mercator projection.

b)

It is better for making topographical maps than the Mercator projection.

c)

It is more accurate than the Mercator projection in showing the sizes of countries in higher latitudes.

d)

It is more useful for showing the distribution of human populations than the Mercator projection.

13.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the Mercator projection?

a)

The size and shape of countries in the higher latitudes are greatly exaggerated.

b)

The size of all countries is accurate, but the shape is distorted.

c)

Countries near the Equator appear 50 percent larger than countries in the middle latitudes.

d)

The projection is designed to maintain undistorted outlines of landmasses.

14.

Which of the following map scales would be most useful for studying the details of geographic features in the landscape of a farming community?

a)

1:3,000,000

b)

1:1,000,000

c)

1:750,000

d)

1:10,000

15.

The map shown above best fits which of the following map types?

a)

Choropleth

b)

Cartogram

c)

Proportional symbol

d)

Dot symbol

16.

Which of the following is a limitation of the map of Hispanic population percentage?

a)

A

The small size of urban counties in the eastern United States masks the significance of the Hispanic population in most eastern cities.

b)

B

Larger county sizes in the western United States mask the significance of the Hispanic population in most western counties.

c)

C

States with the largest total populations mask the significance of the Hispanic population in those states.

d)

D

States with the smallest total populations mask the significance of the Hispanic population in those states.

17.

Which of the following concepts could best be explained by the theory of possibilism?

a)

Regional differences between the internal structures of cities

b)

Changes in population growth rates over time

c)

Limitations on agricultural crops based on climate

d)

Political patterns seen in election maps

e)

Modification of landscapes by human cultures

18.

Which of the following best describes the data presented in the image?

a)

Coordinates for a satellite navigation system

b)

Political map of a region

c)

Series of geographic information systems layers

d)

Remote sensing satellite image of land use

19.

The satellite images show changes to a portion of the Louisiana coast between 1984 and 2017. The table shows the changes in land acreage. Which of the following best describes the changes and a consequence of the changes?

a)

The expansion of coastal cities, which results in increased acreage of urban land cover

b)

A decrease in the acreage of coastal land, which affects the prices of local property

c)

An increase in the acreage of coastal land, which will be added to navigational charts for shipping

d)

The rise of sea levels, which results in decreased land acreage available for homes and businesses

20.

Table 1 shows that the United States and New York City have similar median household income values. Compare the data in Table 1 to the data in Table 2. Based on this comparison, which of the following statements is most accurate?

a)

Each borough of New York City has a household income distribution similar to that of the United States.

b)

Each borough of New York City has a household income distribution similar to that of New York State.

c)

Each borough of New York City has a household income distribution similar to that of the New York City metropolitan area.

d)

Each borough of New York City has a household income distribution similar to that of the City of New York.

e)

A comparison of data from one scale to a different set of scales can result in a flawed analysis.

21.

Which of the following spatial patterns accurately describes the data presented in the map?

a)

Most continents have countries with secondary school enrollments below 75 percent.

b)

There are no countries in Africa with secondary school enrollments above 90 percent.

c)

The majority of countries with less than 70 percent secondary school enrollment are in sub-Saharan Africa.

d)

The secondary school enrollment is proportional to population density.

22.

All of the following are examples of the spatial analysis tradition in geography EXCEPT the

a)

number of space shuttles constructed

b)

volume of telephone calls between Corey Union and Old Main

c)

trans-Atlantic slave trade

d)

distance associated with shopping trips to area malls

23.

Latitude and longitude may be used to determine which of the following characteristics of a place?

a)

Its site features

b)

Its absolute location

c)

Its relative location

d)

Its situation

24.

Which of the following are the best examples of vernacular regions?

a)

The Canadian Maritimes and the Northwest Territory

b)

The American West and the American Midwest

c)

C

South Africa and Australia

d)

South America and the Caribbean

25.

The study of the movement of disease across space is known as

a)

Technical Diffusion

b)

Contagious Diffusion

c)

Relocation Diffusion

d)

Hierarchical Diffusion

26.
Which of the following describes a concern for a country with an aging population?
a)
As a country’s population ages, the life expectancy for the younger population of the country decreases and healthcare costs decline.
b)
As a country’s population ages, the infant mortality rate decreases and there is an increased need for daycare centers.
c)
As the proportion of older people in the country increases, fewer young workers are available to contribute tax revenues to support programs that provide services to the older population.
d)
As the proportion of older people in the country increases, the sex ratio becomes disproportionally skewed toward males.
27.
There has been an increase in asylum seekers from Syria to the European Union in recent years. Which of the following best describes the reason for this migration?
a)
<br />A large rural-to-urban population shift within Syria
b)
A continuing rise in employment for asylum seekers in the European Union
c)
<br />A continuing issue of conflict and political unrest within Syria<br /><br />
d)
The tightening of asylum policies by the European Union
28.
Based on the population pyramid above, which of the following will pose the greatest demographic challenge to China beginning in 2029?
a)
<br />Providing for the needs of its aging population
b)
<br />Finding enough teachers to educate the young
c)
<br />Limiting out-migration of the 60- to 64-year-old age cohort
d)
<br />Providing prenatal medical care
29.
A student who lives in Minneapolis chooses to spend her spring break in Florida rather than in Jamaica because Florida is closer and the plane fare is cheaper. This type of decision-making best illustrates the concept of
a)
<br />human capital
b)
<br />time space compression
c)
<br />intervening opportunities
d)
<br />the rank size rule
30.
Which population pyramid shown above best represents a college town?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
31.
The map shows the number of people per unit of land. Which of the following types of data are shown in the map?
a)
Arithmetic density
b)
<br />Physiological density
c)
Agricultural density
d)
Urban density<br /><br />
32.
Which population pyramid shown above best represents a town with a military base?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
33.
Country A is a more developed country with a low birth rate, a low total fertility rate, a high life expectancy, and a high percentage of urban population. Based on this information, which of the following outcomes is most likely to occur in Country A?
a)
Guest workers from less developed countries are needed to fill the labor shortages in urban areas.
b)
<br />Falling birth rates and declining youth populations result in an increase in school construction in urban areas.
c)
Pressures on pension and social security programs are at critical levels as the number of elderly increases.
d)
<br />Provincial and national politicians must tailor their political campaigns to appeal to rural voters.
34.
Which of the following is a correct statement about the demographic transition model?
a)
<br />It is applicable only to eighteenth-century Europe.
b)
<br />It predicts the growth of population in Russia reasonably well.
c)
<br />D<br />It supports the idea that technology can remove or extend the limits of food production.
d)
<br />It is characterized by relatively low growth rates at stage 1 and stage 4.
35.
Which of the following country demographics would be used to explain the need for the pronatalist policies shown?<br /><br />
a)
A country with a birth rate of 43 , a death rate of 12 , and a rate of natural increase of 3.1 , passes a law that requires paid maternity leave.
b)
<br />A country with a birth rate of 11 , a death rate of 13 , and a rate of natural increase of −0.2 , legislates tax credits for working parents
c)
C<br />A country with a birth rate of 16 , a death rate of 4 , and a rate of natural increase of 1.2 , establishes long maternity leave periods from work
d)
A country with a birth rate of 12 , a death rate of 10 , and a rate of natural increase of 0.2 , requires full-day kindergarten.
36.
Even though total fertility rates have been declining in some less-developed countries, the total population has continued to grow. This is primarily because a high percentage of the population is
a)
<br />female
b)
male
c)
over the age of 15
d)
under the age of 15
37.
Which of the following describes the most likely cause of death for a citizen of a country in stages 4 and 5 of the demographic transition model?
a)
<br />Infectious diseases due to poor sanitation
b)
<br />Degenerative diseases due to old age and lifestyle
c)
<br />Starvation due to an unstable food supply
d)
Infectious diseases due to a lack of vaccines and antibiotics
38.
Which statement best describes population growth patterns in the world today?
a)
In the world as a whole, women have an average of five or more children, leading to Malthusian crises.
b)
Fertility rates in low- and middle-income countries worldwide are higher now than 25 years ago.
c)
<br />In the world as a whole, fertility rates have fallen in the last 25 years.<br /><br />
d)
<br />In sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and the Pacific, fertility rates have doubled in the last 25 years.
39.
Which of the following best explains a likely effect of Brazil’s population distribution?
a)
<br />More uniform economic growth throughout the entire country as urban areas expand westward
b)
B<br />Increased cultural unity as more people live in close proximity to one another in eastern Brazil
c)
Uneven economic development as eastern Brazil experiences more growth than the sparsely inhabited western regions
d)
The expansion of available farmland as people move to the cities, allowing more rural land to be farmed
40.
The nineteenth-century emigration of a large number of Swedes from a particular region of Sweden to Isanti County, Minnesota, as a result of communications from friends and relatives who preceded them there is an example of
a)
brain drain
b)
chain migration
c)
net migration
d)
internal migration
41.
Which of the following statements best describes how the epidemiologic transition affects the demographic transition?
a)
The epidemiologic transition occurs in stage 1 of the demographic transition, causing a fluctuation in birth and death rates.<br /><br />
b)
<br />Improvements in nutrition, sanitation, and health care cause death rates to fall in stage 2 of the demographic transition.
c)
Improvements in nutrition, sanitation, and health care cause birth rates to fall in stage 3 of the demographic transition.
d)
<br />The epidemiologic transition occurs in stage 4 of the demographic transition, causing a slowing of the rate of natural increase.
42.
A refugee enters the European Union in Italy and is temporarily housed in Germany. He is then granted asylum and is permanently settled in Sweden. Which of the following describes this type of migration that is facilitated by the European Union’s open border policies?
a)
<br />Chain migration within the refugee’s family and social network
b)
Guest worker migration based upon the free movement of labor
c)
<br />As an internally displaced person within a single state
d)
<br />Step migration across member states to a final destination
43.
Which of the following best explains why, in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, Thomas Malthus proposed his population theory?
a)
Malthus theorized that, if left unchecked by regular cycles of famine and misery, population would increase beyond the ability to feed itself.
b)
Malthus theorized that the ability of a population to feed itself would increase with the expansion of the population; more people would mean greater knowledge invested in expanding food production.
c)
<br />Malthus theorized that reductions of infant mortality would eventually result in slower population growth rates.
d)
<br />Malthus theorized that agricultural developments in the mid-to-late eighteenth century would result in a significant expansion of food production, therefore alleviating the threat of overpopulation.
44.
During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, which of the following types of intraregional migration was the most prominent worldwide?
a)
<br />Rural to urban
b)
Urban to suburban
c)
<br />Inland to coastal
d)
Highland to lowland
45.
In 1798 Thomas Malthus argued that populations grew exponentially while food supplies grew arithmetically. Consequently, Malthus argued that food shortages would develop until famine and other checks slowed population growth. What statement correctly explains why Malthus’ prediction did not come true in 1800s Europe?
a)
<br />Urbanization resulted in smaller household sizes, and the mechanization of agriculture increased food production.<br /><br />
b)
Immigration to Europe and the abolition of slavery resulted in a more productive agricultural labor force.<br /><br />
c)
<br />Rising education levels among women and increased numbers of single-person households reduced fertility and the demand for food.<br /><br />
d)
<br />Antinatalist population policies placed limits on the number of children per family and reduced the demand for food.<br /><br />