Outer Layer

Application Layer

Middle Layer

Storage Layer

Web Layer

Redis

ActiveMQ

RabbitMQ

MongoDB

ZeroMQ

Application Layer

Middle Layer

Messaging Layer

Storage Layer

Outer Layer

Coordination Layer

Middle Layer

Inner Layer

Application Layer

Policy test

Plan

Fake

Taint

No state

Rebuild

Plan

takedown-takeup

Taint

The /tmp directory in Linux and the /%temp%/ directory in Windows

The root directory of the Terraform application installation

The local-remote state directory

The current working directory

Critical

Deceased

Degraded

Deposed

Any directory that you are in where you run a terraform command.

A repository in a code versioning system that stores Terraform files.

A cache in memory for the Terraform state.

A subsection of a backend. The place where persistent data is stored in the backend. (The backend is either a local location on the Terraform server or a remote, centralized location for Terraform files.)

A subsection of Terraform Cloud.

VMware vSphere

F5 BIG-IP

Bitbucket

Chef

All of the above

A reusable .tf file that involves one or more variables.

An atomic element of a desired state of configuration.

A group of resources.

The variable settings of a compiled file.

Stand-alone group of Terraform resource configurations.

Run "terraform fmt"

Run "terraform console"

Run "terraform state"

Develop a solution yourself that is customized.

format

Gnome rasterizer

GraphViz

Kibana transition

Options to rollback the changes Terraform makes.

Links between Terraform resources.

One or more URLs in a .tf file.

.tf files that are used once a state file has been applied.

A set of commands that run when an AWS EC-2 instance boots for the first time.

A set of commands that run when a new VM boots for the first time.

All of the above.

None of the above.

A website hosted on terraform.io that is also integrated with the Terraform product to provide a collection of Terraform modules.

An internal, private component of Terraform Enterprise edition that hosts .tf files for multiple people to use.

The list of initialized resource configurations on a given Terraform server.

A binary file compiled from another .tf file.

Java

C

Python

Go

Erlang

Run "terraform state rollback".

"tf backout" to remove the changes applied from the previous "tf apply" command.

Run "tf rollback".

There is no supported way to do this.

"tf unapply nameof.tf" where nameof.tf is the Terraform file you want to rollback.

0

1

2

3

Terragrunt is a JavaScript task scheduler and Terratest is for testing Golang code

Terragrunt is proprietary and Terratest is open source

Terratest is for testing Terraform code, whereas Terragrunt helps you write Terraform code efficiently

There is no difference

The hash symbol "#"

Two forward slashes: "//"

A forward slash and asterisk closed by an asterisk and forward slash ("/" and "/").

All of the above.

None of the above.

String directives use %. String interpolations use $

String directives use $. String interpolations use %

Both use %

Both use $

None of the above.

String directives allow you to reference Terraform code within a string. String interpolations allow you to use control statements.

String interpolations allow you to reference Terraform code within a string. String directives allow you to use control statements.

String interpolations allow you to read input interactively and string directives convert variables into strings.

None of the above.

len

length

count

None of the above.

a set

a map

a list/array

A and B

A and C

terraform namespaces

terraform workspaces

terraform modules

terraform providers

terraform provisioners

Use the --hide-vars flag when you run the relevant terraform command.

Use the "sensitive = true" stanza in the relevant .tf file.

Have the main.tf file be configured with the "variables_obfuscate = true" stanza

Use the "nolog = true" stanza in the relevant .tf file.

Provisioners are faster than User Data

Scripts in User Data cannot be more than 16 KB

Better support for configuration management tools such as Chef, Puppet, and SaltStack

There are inherent security advantages when you use provisioners

Run "terraform undo"

Run "terraform rollback"

Run "tf revert"

None of the above.

The desired state of configuration

An optional goal for a Terraform module

The lowest (floating point / decimal) number inclusive of what it points to

The highest (floating point / decimal) number inclusive of what it points to

None of the above.

Something that Jenkins may use when it is configured to perform builds in Docker. When Jenkins processes Terraform jobs in such a way, the workspace is called Terraform workspace.

A sandboxed environment in the provider Terraform is configured for.

The environment in context for Terraform (such as Dev, QA or production).

None of the above.

Compile

Destroy

ValidateResource

Taint

Continuous Integration tool

Configuration Management tool

Continuous Monitoring tool

Configuration Deployment tools

Git

Gitlab

Ansible

Github

Python

java

C++

C#

Konrad Zuse

James Gosling

Michael Dehaan

Larry Wall

2012

2013

2010

2011

Playbook->Play->Tasks->Task

Playbook->Play->Task->Tasks

Play->Playbook->Tasks->Task

Playbook->Tasks->Play-Task

Ruby

DSL

Python

YAML

JSON format

XML format

HTML format

YAML format

 ansible-playbook install.yml

 ansible install.yml

 ansible --playbook install.yml

ansible -p install.yml

 -v

 -e

 -c

 -a

 false

 true

 It means that the command must be retried until it succeeds

It means that the service needs to be started once installed

 It means that the worker node should become a manager node

 It means that we would run all commands as root

JSON

   YAML

XML

  HTML

  Kubernetes CoreOS' rkt

  Canonical's LXD

    Windows Server Containers

Docker will return a 408: image not found message.

  Docker will return a 404: file not found message.

  Docker will pull the image from GitHub.

  Docker will pull the image from Docker Hub.

   Dockerfile

  Jenkinsfile

   docker-compose

dockerimage

  Docker allows you to run images and build containers.

  Docker allows you to run containers and build images.

  Docker allows you to run and build containers.

  Docker allows you to run and build images.

   a butler

    a sailboat

    an Octocat

   a whale

A.      Java

C

C++

Go

  cloud computing

     DevOps

  virtual machines

   Windows

Linux

    MacOS

    Android

   namespaces

    control groups

      Kubernetes

    security groups

Command line

Any of the above

Docker Datacenter

Graphical user interface

A developer who loves Docker and containerization, frequently espousing its virtues

Any folder or document to run Docker components

A template used to describe the build of an image

Any report or document that Docker components produce

Container and data security

Log analysis and reporting

The container lifecycle of its Linux or Windows host system

The resources necessary to run the container

Docker Hub

Docker Registry

Docker Swarm

Both A & B

an open-source lightweight containerisation technology

an operating system

language

None of the above

Easy Modeling

Version control

Placement/Affinity

All of the above

read-only template

Docker platform

language

None of the above

an open-source containerisation technology for building and containerising your applications

operating system

language

read only template

a container orchestration tool

read only template

centralisation platform

None of the above

a service provided by Docker for finding and sharing container images with your team

centralised tool

platform

All of the above

Virtualization

Docker hub

Docker swarm

All of the above

hypervisor

Version control

Virtualization

hub

docker info

docker pull

docker stats

None of the above

docker push myorg/img

/var/lib/docker/volumes

systemctl start/stop docker

docker-compose -f docker-compose. json up

Build

Pull

Run

All of the above

Container Networking Model

Central Networking Model

Container Networking Method

All of the above

Client

Docker-Host

Registry

All of the above

Running

Paused

Restarting

Exited

All of the above

$ docker ps

$ docker all

$ docker sp

All of the above

A. Offers an efficient and easy initial set up.

B. Documentation provides every bit of information.

C. Allows you to describe your application lifecycle in detail.

D. Simple configuration and interacts with Docker Compose.

E. All of the above

A single system made up of servers and other resources

A computer program or device that provides services to other computers

A specific set of ordered operations

A software package that performs a specific function for an end user

An application environment installed on software that imitates dedicated hardware

A package that relies on virtual isolation technology to deploy and run applications that access a shared OS kernel

A large metal box that is used to hold or transport something

A unit that stores data on a computer's memory drive

A collection of physical IT components that supports a group of containers

A collection of logic circuitry that evaluates a computer's operational code

Where you find peas

One or more containers grouped together to share resources and run as a unit

To communicate with hosts on a network

To store data collected by the OS

To run pods according to master components

To channel incoming data from multiple input ports to a specific port

To supplant an authentic webpage in a search engine's index and search page results

To connect external parties and route data between internal and external containers

To act as an intermediary between an endpoint device and another server

To relay connection requests for inbound network traffic

A node agent that manages pods and their containers

Software that is used to run containers outside of pods

A smaller version of Kubernetes

A device that collects data in an organized manner for easy access

To prevent clones from invading other clusters

To monitor and respond to environmental latency

To duplicate pods

To create and maintain volumes

To manage clusters of pods

To regulate communication between Kubernetes and clusters

To move workloads from one host to another

To control nodes

A way to run a copy of a pod on all or some nodes

A method to manage clusters of pods

A channel through which to pass information between two or more nodes

A system to connect nodes and pods

To classify functions

To tag containers and link them together in groups

To assign functions to pods

To be ignored by millennials

To store all the cluster data, maintain its state and provide access to critical data

To link a unique identifier to a value

To encrypt cluster data and send it to a secrets manager

To authenticate cluster data

The software within an OS that controls capacity allocation for nodes

A directory for the data accessible to containers in a pod

Layering software that puts apps into compartments for easier deployment

Code that enables two software programs to communicate