during WWI, the side of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire (and others)

territory between opposing trenches which resulted in huge # of causalities

policy of glorifying military power and keeping an army prepared for war

Serbian nationalist group responsible for the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Great Britain, France, Russia, later joined by Italy & the U.S. during WWI

a slow-moving, costly style of warfare used during the war that resulted in a stalemate

forcing one to make a choice

German submarines that were used effectively during WWI

metaphor describing the volatile multi-ethnic Balkan region leading up to WWI

German attack plan aimed at defeating the French on the west and then move east to attack Russia

secret message intercepted by Britain stating that Germany would help Mexico make war against the U.S., thus Mexico allying with Germany; this broke U.S. neutrality

military alliance prior to WWI held between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy

Austrian heir whose assassination on June 28, 1914 sparked WWI

military alliance prior to WWI between France, England, and Russia

agreements between nations to aid and protect one another-especially in a time of war

Italian Prime Minister who was part of the Paris Peace Conference (part of the Big Four) who pushed for a revenge-based treaty

A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war.

Britain's prime minister at the end of World War I who was part of the Big Four at the Paris Peace Conference; goal was to make the Germans pay for the other countries' staggering war losses

French Premier who was part of the Big Four at the Paris Peace Conference who wanted Germany to pay for the costs of WWI

U.S. President during WWI ; part of Big Four at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919; failed to win U.S. ratification for the League of Nations

A series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I.

Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause.

the right of a nation or people to determine its own political destiny

payments intended to cover damage or injury inflicted during a war

type of naval warfare in which submarines sink vessels such as freighters and tankers without warning; used by Germans during WWI

Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles that forced Germany to accept responsibility for causing the First World War and for the damages caused by the war; this caused great resentment in Germany.

A world organization established in 1920 to promote international cooperation and peace. It was first proposed in 1918 by President Woodrow Wilson, however, the United States never joined