WorksheetsBio STAAR 6A, 9A 4C
Total questions: 36
Worksheet time: 18mins
Health-care workers are exposed to many different types of pathogenic and nonpathogenic microorganisms. Which body systems work together to protect the body from pathogens?
Muscular and vascular
Digestive and excretory
Circulatory and immune
Endocrine and reproductive
Proteins and polysaccharides are polymers. These polymers are formed by dehydration synthesis. Which statement correctly identifies a difference in the structure of proteins and polysaccharides?
Only polysaccharides are comprised of repeating units of cytosine, adenine, guanine, and thymine
Only proteins are formed from amino acids joined by peptide bonds
Only polysaccharides can be folded and twisted to very specific shapes
Only proteins can be large molecules with thousands of subunits
Which of these best represents a fatty-acid molecule?
Carbohydrates are more easily metabolized than lipids. However, on a gram-for-gram basis lipids provide cells with more -
nitrogen
proteins
structure
energy
Which of the following biomolecules typically contains both nitrogen and phosphate?
Lipid
Protein
Nucleic acid
Carbohydrate
A student preparing for a hike wants to pack a snack that has biomolecules that provide quickly available energy but few excess calories. Which nutrition label lists the best combination of biomolecules that provide quickly available energy while providing the fewest calories from other types of biomolecules?
The differences between two molecules include the type of sugar that forms a section of the molecules and the identity of one of the four nitrogenous bases that make up another section of the molecules. These two molecules are -
proteins
lipids
nucleic acids
complex carbohydrates
Four different nucleotides are used as building blocks of DNA. Which of the following can be used to distinguish one nucleotide from another?
the nitrogenous base
the shape of the deoxyribose sugar
the length of the phosphate group
the type of fatty acid
The picture shows a 3-D model of a virus called a bacteriophage. Bacteriophages can infect bacteria such as E. coli. In what way are the bacteriophage and E. coli alike?
They contain antibodies
They reproduce by mitosis
They have identical genomes
They lack membrane-bound organelles
The complex carbohydrates pictured are made by linking molecules of glucose. In all three complex carbohydrates, the subunits of glucose are bonded together differently. Because they have different structures, they most likely -
contain different chemical elements
form different proteins
carry different nucleotides
perform different functions
Students were given a list of seven elements and asked to identify the four elements that are most abundant in biomolecules. Which table correctly identifies the four most-abundant elements in biomolecules?
Proteins and carbohydrates have many functions in the body of an organism. Specific proteins and carohydrates perform specific tasks. Information about a protein and a carbohydrate is given. How re ferritin and glycogen similar in their primary functions for an organism?
Both store materials needed by the organism
Both store energy used by the organism
Both support the structure of the organism
Both store information for the organism
Students are given data from an investigation that identified some of the chemical elements present in four different samples. Which sample is most likely DNA?
Sample 1
Sample 2
Sample 3
Sample 4
An advertisement for a health supplement for dogs claims to build lean muscle and strengthen tendons and ligaments, as well as provide energy. Which two biomolecules must the supplement contain to provide these benefits?
carbohydrates and lipids
proteins and carbohydrates
nucleic acids and carbohydrates
lipids and nucleic acids
Which of the following best describes these biomolecules?
Molecule X and Molecule Y are both carbohydrates
Molecule X is a nucleic acid, and Molecule Y is a carbohydrate
Molecule X and Molecule Y are both nucleic acids
Molecule X is a carbohydrate, and Molecule Y is a nucleic acid
Which list correctly matches the functions to the types of carbohydrates?
Which of these identifies the part of the DNA segment labeled X?
Nucleotides
Phosphate group
Hydrogen bond
Deoxyribose
Which statements best compare the function of an ATP molecule to a DNA molecule?
ATP carries and transmits the genetic information of organisms. DNA serves as a biological catalyst that speeds up the rate of chemical reactions
ATP provides energy for chemical reactions in the cell. DNA carries and transmits the genetic information of organisms.
ATP serves as a biological catalyst that speeds up the rate of chemical reactions. DNA acts as a structural sugar in the cell walls of plants.
ATP acts as a structural sugar in the cell walls of plants. DNA provides energy for chemical reactions in the cell.
Which cellular function of carbohydrates and lipids should be placed in the shared section of the Venn diagram?
Hormone production
Structural support of cell walls
Energy storage
Catalyst for chemical reactions
The projections on the surface of this virus allow the virus to -
move inside a host cell
attach to a host cell
control a host cell's DNA
signal other viruses to infect a host cell
Cold sores are caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1. A company that wants to develop antiviral drugs would ask a research immunologist to study?
the mechanism used by the virus to infect cells
how closely related the virus is to cold viruses
the metabolism of the virus
meiosis in the virus
A person infected with th ehuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may not have any symptoms for a period of time. During this period the virus affects the body by doing which of the following?
The virus produces toxins that weaken immune cells and prevent them from reproducing
The virus damages immune cells while using their machinery to produce copies of itself
The virus uses nutrients meant for immune cells to fuel its own cellular respiration
The virus changes the identity of the nucleotides of immune cells to prevent the immune system from functioning normally
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an illness caused by a coronavirus. Symptoms including high fever, headaches, and body aches typically occur two to seven days after infction by the virus. SARS is more serious in elderly patients. This information suggests that the reproductive cycle of the SARS virus is -
lysogenic, because the virus is a coronavirus
lytic, because the virus causes respiratory illness
lysogenic, because the virus primarily affects older people
lytic, because of the quick onset of symptoms after infection
What is the difference in the function of the glycoprotein structures of an HIV virion and the cilia of an animal cell?
the glycoprotein structures are used for attachment, and the cilia are used to move fluids surrounding the cell
the glycoprotein structures are used to obtain nutrition, and the cilia are used to secrete proteins
the glycoprotein structures are used to provide physical support for the viral envelope, and the cilia strengthen the cell membrane
the glycoprotein structures are used for defense, and the cilia are used for locomotion
H1N1 flu is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the influenza A (H1N1) virus. The symptoms of H1N1 flu are listed in the box. An antiviral agent administered within 48 hours of the appearance of symptoms can reduce the severity of the illness. Why is it important to administer an infected person within 48 hours of the appearance of symptoms
the H1N1 virus is dormant in cells
the H1N1 virus replicates more quickly
the H1N1 virus does not mutate.
The H1N1 virus is transmitted through a vector host, such as a mosquito
The 1918 influenza epidemic killed between 50 million and 100 million people worldwide. This epidemic happened near the end of World War I. More people died from the influenza epidemic than were killed in the war. Which of the following explains why this virus was so deadly worldwide?
infected soldiers returning from the war spread the virus when they coughed
food was scarce because of the war, so people were undernourished, and their immune systems were weakened
medical personnel often became ill as a result fo exposure to airborne virus particles
all other answers
The picture shows a 3-D model of a virus called a bacteriophage. Bacteriophages can infect bacteria such as E. coli. In what way are the bacteriophage and E. coli alike?
They contain antibodies
They reproduce by mitosis
They have identical genomes
They lack membrane-bound organelles
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) often infects and destroys CD4 T cells. These CD4 T cells are one of many kinds of white blood cells that are an important part of the immune system.
The most common danger related to the destruction of CD4 T cells is -
an increase in the risk of high blood pressure
an increase in the threat of diseases caused by microorganisms and viruses
a decrease in the flow of blood to vital organs
a decrease in the amount of oxygen being transported to tissues
Viruses can be transmitted through air, water, food, insect bites, and direct skin contact. Oncea virus gains entry to the body, it invades a host cell in order to -
deactivate the host cell's defenses
synthesize antibodies for defense
metabolize host proteins and grow
access cellular processes for replication
In the 1880s, Louis Pasteur developed a method of weakening viruses. The weakened viruses could be injected into healthy individuals.
How is this method effective in fighting viral diseases?
The immune system develops antibodies in response to the weakened viruses
The weakened viruses attach to unaffected viruses in the host and interrupt the viral reproductive cycle
The rate of genetic mutation in the host is decreased due to the introduction of weakened viruses
Weakened viruses are unable to enter the host organism
Which of these describes a difference between viruses and cells?
Cells contain protein, and viruses contain only carbohydrates
Viruses have flagella, and cells have only cilia
Cells reproduce independently, and viruses require a host to reproduce
Viruses have membranes made of proteins, and cells have membranes made of nucleic acid
The student produces a labeled drawing of a virus for a presentation. The student states that the capsid has a function similar to the nuclear membrane found in animal cells.
Which of these describes the similar functions of capsids and nuclear membranes?
Both transport proteins throughout the structures
Both provide energy for activities in the structures
Both protect genetic information for the structures
Both code for the proteins needed for reproduction of the structures
In 1898 Friedrich Loeffler and Paul Frosch found evidence that the cause of the highly contagious hoof-and-mouth disease in livestock was a microscopic infectious particle. It was discovered that this particle requires a host cell to reproduce.
Which pathogen is most likely responsible for causing hoof-and-mouth disease in livestock?
A bacterium, because it is contagious
A fungus, because it infects livestock
A protist, because it is microscopic
A virus, because it requires a host cell to reproduce
Materials are provided to students to build models of a prokaryotic cell, a eukaryotic cell, and a virus. The materials and the structures they represent are listed in the table.
Which material will students use in all three models?
Yellow paper oval
Gray paper hexagon
Blue yarn
Purple buttons
An illness caused by a certain virus includes fever, rash, joint pain, red eyes, and headache. The virus is transmitted to people by infected mosquitoes. Symptoms quickly occur within three to twelve days after contracting the virus. There is no vaccine for this virus.
Lytic, because the virus is transmitted by mosquitoes
Lysogenic, because there is no way to vaccinate against it
Lytic, because of the quick incubation time
Lysogenic, because the virus causes a fever
A diagram of an HIV infction is shown.
Which conclusion about the HIV infection of a host cell is best supported by the diagram?
It takes place outside of living cells
It relies on the host cell to reproduce
It involves the process of meiosis
It requires carbon dioxide
