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WorksheetsAnaphy Lecture Midterms
Total questions: 78
Worksheet time: 39mins
Which of the following characteristics of tissues and cells would aid in diffusion or the movement of materials into and out of the body through the epithelium?
A single layer of cuboidal cellsMultiple layers of relatively flat, thin cells
A single layer of cuboidal cells
A single layer of relatively flat, thin cells
Multiple layers of cuboidal cells
Multiple layers of columnar cells
The sensory retina
keeps light from being reflected back into the eye.
contains pigment.
is the outer portion of the retina.
contains rod and cone cells.
All of the choices are correct.
Regina is a vegan (a vegetarian who does not eat any animal products, not even dairy or eggs). Regina has suffered a series of unexplained bone fractures. Her doctor completed some tests and discovered that her levels of parathyroid hormone are elevated. Which of the following hypotheses would be the most plausible explanation of Regina's medical issues?
The lack of dairy in her diet has severely restricted the amount of calcium she has available. This deficiency stimulated the release of calcitonin, which caused more of the calcium stores in her bones to be mobilized. The deficiency has gone on for so long that she has weakened her bones.
The lack of meat in her diet is causing anemia and preventing bone growth.
Her parathyroid glands are malfunctioning and producing too much calcitonin thereby stimulating osteoblast activity and weakening her bones.
The lack of dairy in her diet has severely restricted the amount of calcium she has available. This deficiency stimulated the release of PTH, which caused more of the calcium stores in her bones to be mobilized. The deficiency has gone on for so long that she has weakened her bones.
The process called diffusion
Both "is the tendency for solute molecules to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration" and "always produces net movement of materials against the concentration gradient for that material" are correct.
Both "is the tendency for solute molecules to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration" and "is the product of random movement of all atoms, molecules, and ions in a solution" are correct.
is the tendency for solute molecules to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
always produces net movement of materials against the concentration gradient for that material.
is the product of random movement of all atoms, molecules, and ions in a solution.
Acetylcholine
is broken down by acetylcholinesterase.
All of the choices are correct.
binds to receptors on the muscle cell membrane.
is the neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction.
causes an influx of sodium ions into the muscle cell when bound to its receptor.
The auditory ossicles
include the malleus, incus, and stapes.
decrease the vibrations from the tympanic membrane.
All of the choices are correct.
transmit vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the round window.
are located in the inner ear.
If blood calcium levels are too high, ________ activity decreases, while ________ activity increases.
osteocyte; osteoclast
chondrocyte; osteon
osteoclast; osteoblast
osteoclast; osteon
osteoblast; osteoclast
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of aging of the integumentary system?
Loss of pigment in hair
Skin becomes thinner and more transparent.
Decreased number of melanocytes
Loss of elastic fibers in the skin
Increase in activity of sweat and sebaceous glands
The statement "a group of cells with similar structure and function plus the extracellular substances located between them" describes ________.
an organ
an organism
an organ system
a tissue
Which of these sections of the vertebral column curve posteriorly?
Thoracic curvature and cervical curvature
lumbar curvature and sacrum (with coccyx)
Thoracic curvature and lumbar curvature
Thoracic curvature and sacrum (with coccyx)
Cervical curvature and lumbar curvature
Which of the types of epithelial free surfaces is correctly matched with its function?
Ciliated—increased surface area
Smooth—decreases friction
With microvilli—cell moves from place to place
All of the choices are correct.
________ is characterized by a group of unpleasant perceptual and emotional experiences.
Touch
Temperature
Proprioception
Pain
Vision
Given that sodium bicarbonate dissociates to form Na+ and HCO3- when mixed with water, which of these would be part of the explanation for taking bicarbonate (NaHCO3) for excess stomach acid?
NaHCO3 will not release hydrogen ions when mixed with water.
Free hydrogen ions increase the acidity of a solution.
All of the choices are correct.
When bicarbonate ions combine with hydrogen ions, the pH increases.
HCO3- will be a hydrogen ion acceptor.
Carrier-mediated transport mechanisms
function to move electrically charged ions.
function to move large water-soluble molecules.
include facilitated diffusion, active transport, and secondary active transport
All of the choices are correct.
exhibit specificity.
Which of these molecules is correctly matched with its method of movement through the cell membrane?
Glucose and amino acid molecules — pass through membrane channels.
Small, water-soluble molecules (ions) — dissolve in double phospholipid layer
Large, water-soluble molecules — transported by carrier-mediated processes.
All of the choices are correctly paired.
Lipid-soluble molecules — pass through membrane channels.
Third-degree burns
All of the choices are correct.
result in excessive fluid loss.
cause immediate pain.
involve only the epidermis.
are also called partial-thickness burns.
Another name for pain receptors is ________.
mechanoreceptors
tactile corpuscles
agonists
lamellated corpuscles
nociceptors
Endocytosis
is the opposite of phagocytosis.
involves the movement of materials to the outside of the cell.
involves the formation of a vesicle by invagination of the cell membrane.
is a kind of passive transport.
Both "involves the movement of materials to the outside of the cell" and "is the opposite of phagocytosis" are correct.
Both "involves the movement of materials to the outside of the cell" and "is the opposite of phagocytosis" are correct.
the sum of the number of neutrons plus the number of electrons.
the number of protons in the atom.
the sum of the number of protons plus the number of electrons.
the number of neutrons in the atom.
the sum of the number of protons plus the number of neutrons.
The spiral organ
has afferent nerve fibers that form the tectorial nerve.
is located in the scala tympani.
has sensory neurons with their cell bodies in the spiral lamina.
has hair cells with their tips embedded in the basilar membrane.
contains specialized sensory cells with hairlike projections.
Cell connections that bind adjacent cells together and form permeability barriers are called
desmosomes
gap junctions
tonosomes.
tight junctions.
plasma junctions.
Jaundice is caused by
decreased oxygen content of blood
increased production of melanin by normal number of melanocytes.
collection of abnormal bile pigment in the skin.
altered blood flow to the skin (overall or in small areas).
increased number of active melanocytes.
Which of the sections below separates the body into dorsal and ventral parts?
Transverse section
Longitudinal section
Oblique section
Sagittal section
Frontal section
The condition in which a muscle remains contracted between stimuli without relaxing is called a/an ________.
tetanus
the all-or-none response
the lag phase
recruitment
a motor unit
The ________ is the efferent subdivision that transmits impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles.
parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
central nervous system
somatic nervous system
afferent division of the peripheral nervous system
The ________ is the functional unit of skeletal muscle because it is the smallest portion of the skeletal muscle capable of ________.
muscle fiber; contracting
sarcomere; contracting
sarcomere; receiving a stimulus
muscle fiber; receiving a stimulus
myofibril; contracting
A greenstick fracture is one specific example of a(n) ________ fracture.
impacted
compound
incomplete
comminuted
oblique
________ marrow consists of bone-forming cells and is found in the ________ of adults.
Yellow; proximal epiphyses
Red; proximal epiphyses
Yellow; medullary cavity
Red; medullary cavity
Every morning Alessandra sits in a quiet room with her eyes closed and allows her brain to rest before the start of her busy workday. An EEG of her brain would most likely show a higher frequency of which of the following wave types?
Beta waves
Delta waves
Gamma waves
Alpha waves
Theta waves
________ respond to fine, discriminative touch and are found just deep to the epidermis.
Merkel disks
Pacinian corpuscles
Free nerve endings
Ruffini corpuscles
Meissner corpuscles
A(n) ________ is formed when two atoms share electrons.
hydrogen bond
covalent bond
atom
ion
ionic bond
The scientific discipline that deals with the processes or functions of living organisms is ________.
anatomic imaging
systemic anatomy
regional anatomy
surface anatomy
physiology
Atoms that have gained or lost electrons are called
ions
nonpolars
neutrons
molecules
covalents
A patient with a bleeding ulcer had an elevated heart rate, but his blood pressure was very low and dropping. After the bleeding was stopped and a blood transfusion was given, blood pressure increased. Which of these statements are consistent with these observations?
The transfusion interrupted a positive-feedback mechanism.
The transfusion was not necessary.
The transfusion interrupted a negative-feedback mechanism.
Both "Negative-feedback mechanisms are occasionally inadequate without medical intervention"" and ""The transfusion interrupted a positive-feedback mechanism"" are correct.
Negative-feedback mechanisms are occasionally inadequate without medical intervention.
Saundra had a stroke and has loss the ability to move her right arm. Which area of the brain was most likely affected by the stroke?
The right parietal lobe of the cerebrum
The left temporal lobe
The left frontal lobe of the cerebrum
The left parietal lobe of the cerebrum
The right frontal lobe of the cerebrum
Malignant melanoma
is the least dangerous form of skin cancer and usually arises from melanocytes in a preexisting mole.
is the most common type of skin cancer.
is the least dangerous form of skin cancer.
rarely metastasizes.
usually arises from melanocytes in a preexisting mole.
Joanna has been experiencing diffuse pain in her upper right shoulder and right upper abdomen. The pain is most likely the result of
referred pain from the appendix.
referred pain from the heart.
acid reflux.
a urinary tract infection.
referred pain from the liver and gallbladder.
________ are intercellular chemical signals, secreted by nerve cells, and are important in functions of the nervous system.
Paracrine chemical messengers
Autocrine chemical messengers
Pheromones
Hormones
Neurotransmitters
To understand a word that one hears, action potentials from the ear reach the auditory cortex, travel to the auditory association cortex, and are comprehended as meaningful words by
aphasic area.
Broca area (motor speech area).
Wernicke (sensory speech) area
prefrontal area.
primary somatic sensory cortex.
Reception and evaluation of most sensory information, such as touch, balance, and taste, are all associated with
the cerebellum.
the parietal lobes of cerebral cortex.
the temporal lobes.
the occipital lobes of the cerebral cortex.
the frontal lobes of cerebral cortex.
The ________ is the layer of the skin made of epithelial tissue, and the ________ is composed of dense connective tissue.
dermis; subcutaneous tissue
epidermis; dermis
dermis; epidermis
subcutaneous tissue; dermis
epidermis; subcutaneous tissue
The spot where a number of blood vessels enter the eye, and where the optic nerve exits the eye, is called the ________.
fovea centralis.
Both "blind spot" and "optic disk" are correct.
blind spot.
optic disk.
macula
Growth refers to an increase in size of all or part of an organism. It can result from
an increase in the amount of substances surrounding the cells.
an increase in the number of cells within the organism.
None of the choices are correct.
an increase in the size of individual cells within the organism
All of the choices are correct.
Cranial nerves may contain
motor (efferent) neurons.
sensory (afferent) neurons.
All of the choices are correct.
parasympathetic (efferent) neurons.
A selective poison that blocked the function of the mitochondria was used on a group of cells. Which of the following processes would most likely be interrupted by the presence of this poison?
Active transport
Diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis
All of the choices are correct.
In which of the following types of epithelial tissues would the movement of materials into or out of the body be fastest?
Stratified squamous epithelial tissue
Simple squamous epithelial tissue
Transitional epithelial tissue
Stratified columnar epithelial tissue
Simple columnar epithelial tissue
The right cerebral hemisphere (in most people)
has a larger volume and mass than the left cerebral hemisphere.
All of the choices are correct.
is the analytical half of the cerebrum.
controls the activity of, and receives sensory input from, the left side of the body.
contains the language centers.
________ refers to the specific interrelationships among the parts of an organism and how these parts interact to perform functions.
Metabolism
Organization
Growth
Development
Responsiveness
Which of the following statements is FALSE about the integumentary system?
Keratin in the epidermis absorbs ultraviolet light and protects the underlying structures from its damaging effects.
Hair acts as a heat insulator and protective barrier.
Vitamin D stimulates the uptake of calcium and phosphate in the intestine.
The condition of the skin, hair, and nails is affected by nutritional status.
Intact skin plays an important role in preventing water loss, because its lipids act as a barrier to osmosis.
Intact skin plays an important role in preventing water loss, because its lipids act as a barrier to osmosis.
they inhibit the activity of acetylcholinesterase.
they prevent the degradation of acetylcholine in the neuromuscular junction.
they prevent the muscles from relaxing.
their action produces a constant stimulus to contract.
All of the choices are correct.
Monosaccharides are the building blocks for ________.
nucleic acids
carbohydrates
proteins
fats (triglycerides)
The ceruminous glands secrete earwax into the external auditory canal, which can help protect the eardrum from being damaged if a foreign object enters the external auditory canal. Based on this description, determine which statement correctly describes earwax secretion.
Earwax is most likely secreted by endocrine glands into the blood and eventually deposited into the external auditory canal.
Earwax is secreted by exocrine glands, through ducts that empty onto an epithelial surface.
None of the choices are correct.
Earwax is a hormone, because it is secreted onto an epithelial surface by an endocrine gland.
The type of glands that open on surface of skin and have a watery secretion are
All of the choices are correct.
both eccrine and apocrine sweat glands.
apocrine sweat glands.
sebaceous glands.
eccrine sweat glands.
Which of the following is NOT considered a compound?
Water (H20)
All of the choices are correct.
Sodium chloride (NaCl)
A hydrogen molecule (H2)
Hydrogen chloride (HCl)
Which of these does NOT occur because of increased permeability of blood vessels during the inflammatory process?
Neutrophils move into the injured tissue.
Edema, or swelling, of the tissues occurs.
Fibrin diffuses into tissues and forms a fibrous network in the extracellular space.
Pus leaks out of blood vessels.
Increased fluid in the tissues causes increased tissue pressure, which causes pain.
A solution with a greater concentration of hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions is ________.
a salt
a buffer
basic
hydrophobic
acidic
The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
when stimulated, slows the heart rate and the respiration rate.
has postganglionic cell bodies in chain ganglia or collateral ganglia.
All of the choices are correct.
includes preganglionic neurons that secrete norepinephrine as their neurotransmitter.
has preganglionic neurons in cranial nerves or sacral spinal nerves.
The myosin myofilaments are anchored in the center of the sarcomere by the ________.
Z disks
H zone
M line
A band
I band
If a red blood cell were placed in distilled water, we would expect the cell to
shrink and crenate
swell and crenate.
swell and lyse.
shrink and lyse.
Intramembranous ossification
occurs when bones develop from cartilage models.
occurs when osteoblasts invade the spaces left by dying cartilage cells.
All of the choices are correct.
occurs in the bones of the skull.
is the process that produces most of the skeletal system.
The chemical compound that is represented by the acronym DNA
is composed of nucleotides.
is responsible for controlling cell activities.
contains the sugar deoxyribose.
All the choices are correct.
has two chains that form a double helix.
Contractibility is the ability of skeletal muscle to
lengthen passively.
recoil to their original resting length
be stretched.
respond to a stimulus.
shorten with force.
Which of these comparisons between smooth muscle and skeletal muscle is NOT correct?
Smooth muscle cells have no striations; skeletal muscle cells have striations.
Smooth muscle cells are under voluntary control; skeletal muscle cells are under involuntary control.
Smooth muscle cells are tapered at each end; skeletal muscle cells are long and cylindrical.
Smooth muscle forms the walls of hollow organs except the heart; skeletal muscle attaches to the skeleton.
Smooth muscle cells have a single nucleus; skeletal muscle cells have many.
________ includes the changes an organism undergoes through time beginning with fertilization and ending at death.
Reproduction
Development
Organization
Responsiveness
Metabolism
Your significant other is an amazing chef. When you come home from lecture, the smell of whatever she or he is cooking makes you salivate as soon as you step in the door. Your saliva is being secreted from what type of gland?
Unicellular (goblet cells)
Exocrine and endocrine
Endocrine
Paracrine
Exocrine
When the hydrogen bonds that maintain a protein's three-dimensional shape are broken, the protein becomes nonfunctional, and is said to be ________.
saturated
essential
denatured
unsaturated
structural
If you make a Jell-O mold that has strawberries suspended in it and whipped cream on top, the strawberries are________ while the whipped cream is ________.
prone; deep
deep; superficial
All of the choices are correct.
superficial; deep
anterior; deep
The blood-brain barrier is a specialized epithelium that prevents many materials from passing from the blood into the brain. The cell connections most likely present between the cells forming this barrier are
Both "desmosomes" and "gap junctions" are correct
desmosomes
plasma junctions.
gap junctions.
tight junctions.
Connective tissue that surrounds the fasciculi is called ________.
fascia
perimysium
endomysium
microfibrils
fasciculi
Which of the following functions of the integumentary system is NOT correctly matched with an example?
Vitamin D production—Active vitamin D is produced from a precursor molecule
Sensation—Pain, heat, cold, and pressure receptors in the skin
Temperature regulation—Radiation and convection of heat from blood flowing in the dermis.
Excretion—Hydrogen ions are moved from the skin into the urine.
All of the choices are correct.
Cell membranes are said to be selectively permeable because they
allow the passage of positively charged particles but not negatively charged particles.
permit the passage of most materials but not of water.
allow the passage of materials in one direction but not the other.
allow the free passage of some materials and restrict the passage of others.
The bone disease osteoporosis is associated with
increased formation of abnormal tissue in synovial joints followed by inflammation.
overall decrease in the total amount of bone tissue.
decreased amount of mineral in the bone.
too little activity in osteoblasts.
increased uric acid being deposited in joint capsules
Which of these sections of the vertebral column is matched with its correct number of vertebrae?
Coccygeal—2 vertebrae fused into one coccyx.
Cervical—12 vertebrae.
Sacral—5 vertebrae fused into one sacrum
Lumbar—8 vertebrae.
Thoracic—7 vertebrae.
Which of the following statements concerning solutes and solvents is true?
All solute particles move into or out of the cell by diffusion.
At equilibrium, all solute particles cease movement.
The solvent is the predominant liquid or gas in a solution.
When oxygen is present in the blood, blood is the solute and oxygen is the solvent.
All of the choices are correct.
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
All of the choices are correct.
Because organ systems are so interrelated, dysfunction in one organ system can have profound effects on other systems.
Living things are highly organized, and disruption of this organized state can lead to loss of function and death.
An organism is any living thing considered as a whole whether composed of one cell such as a bacterium or trillions of cells such as a human.
The coordinated activity of the organ systems is necessary for normal function.
A condition known as flaccid paralysis
All of the choices are correct.
arises because the muscle is incapable of contracting in response to nervous stimulation.
arises because the muscle is incapable of relaxing.
arises because acetylcholinesterase levels are artificially low.
arises because acetylcholine in the neuromuscular junction never breaks down.
Given that viruses are not affected by antibiotics, which of the following types of skin infection might be successfully treated with an antibiotic?
Chicken pox
Warts
All of the choices are correct.
Acne
Cold sores
During the process of bone repair, immobilization of the bone is most useful during
the first 4 tthe first 4 to 6 hours, until the blood clot forms.o 6 hours, until the blood clot forms.
the last 2 weeks, as bone remodeling occurs.
the first 2 weeks, until the callus has formed.
the first 4 to 6 weeks, until spongy bone has closed the break.
the entire 2 to 3 months that it takes for compact bone to replace the compact bone that was originally lost.
