The Moche land was harsh what that was squeezed between the

Andes mountains to the east and the

The Pacific Ocean to the west.

True or false: Like other pre-Inca cultures and the Inca who came later, the Moche showed great creativity in adapting to this challenging environment.

To irrigate the farm fields in their arid region, they built complex what systems.

The Moche developed a strong military and ruled nearly ___ miles of the Peruvian coast.

The Moche were also what?

Moche artisans created beautiful what, bowls statues, and other objects made from clay that hardened under intense head

True or false: The artisans decorated the vessels with detailed line drawings of animals, and people, such as rulers and warriors, Mocha

Moche artists work with gold, which they shaped into exquisite

On pair of solid gold, peanuts looked like the real thing except they were _____ times larger.

In south Peru, the Nasca culture thrived from about A.D.-A.D.

True or false: The Nasca were one of the earliest complex cultures in South America

Nasca artisans were as highly skilled as those of the Moche culture creating magnificent jewelry from what three materials

True or false the Nasca also formed ceramic pottery and decorated it with intricate designs from nature, such as birds, and fish.

the Nasca left behind a mystery, though, they created enormous what, or large geometric designs and shapes drawn on the ground.

Geoglyphs often took the form of what or what?

What climate did the Nasca live in that helped preserve the geoglyphs, that archeologists still arent sure why they made these geoglyphs/

The greatest military power among pre-Inca cultures was the Wari culture, which dominated the high desert of central Peru from about A.D. what to what.

True or false: With their strong military, the Wari overran the Nasca and other people and established the first empire in the region of the Andes Mountains.

The wari was also skilled what?

True or false: To cultivate crops on the rugged terrain of the Andes, The Wari created terraced fields, or flat fields dug out of the sides of hills

True or false: In a recent find at El Castillo, Wari city along the Peruvian coast, archeologists unearthed a royal tomb that revealed a great deal about Wari culture.

The Wari tomb contained the remains of how many queens or princesses and other members of the nobility.

Buried with the remains were golden earrings, copper axes, and what?

True or false: This discovery indicates that not only did the Wari worship their ancestors but they were, like other pre-Inca cultures, gifted artisans with precious metals.

While the Wari ruled central Peru, the Sican culture flourished in the mountains of northern Peru from about A.D. when to when.

True or false: The Sican created delicate jewelry from gold, silver, and copper.

The sican perfected a technique of pounding gold into extremely thing strips, archeologists found two strips of metals that were 0.00 what inches thick almost as thin as a piece of paper?

True or false: The Sican showed great respect for the creatures of the natural world.

True or false: Artists created a mural that was decorated with waves, fish, the sun, and the moon,

When the Sican buried the dead, they prepared them for the next world by burying them with gold, copper, and what to carry water this practice revealed their belief in the afterlife.

About the same time as the Aztecs emerged in Mesoamerica, the Incas began their conquest of western South America, in A.D. what, The Incas were one of many small states occupying the Urubamba Valley high in the Andes mountains of present-day Peru.

By, the Inca ruled the Urubamba Valley, high in the Andes Mountains of present-day Peru.

Under the leadership of emperor Pachacuite the empire expanded rapidly, he conquered and ruled widespread areas through a powerful military and a strong central government. what did Pachacuti mean?

Pachacuti, also transformed the Inca capital, Cusco into an impressive stone city of 100 what people

The Inca empire stretched how many miles from present-day Colombia to Argentina and included about 12 million people who spoke more than 20 languages.

True or false: Despite its size, the Inca Empire was well organized

True or false, the Hierarchy of the Inca society helped rulers maintain tight control of the large Empire.

Who was at the top of the Inca and had the most power?

Who was below the emperor?

Formen supervised how many families each and helped carry out the policies of the emperor.

The Inca government viewed the empire's subjects as a resource, like gold or

True or false: The Inca demanded that whole populations relocate if the state needed their labor elsewhere.

Commoners farmer communal land and worker on state-owned farms while also serving in the what or on building projects.

True or false: In order to manage the many details involved in running an empire the Inca also had a large bureaucracy of system of state officials

In fact, for every 10,000 Inca, there were how many administrators.

The Incan administrators kept detailed records about all parts of the empire, from population to farm animals to what?

True or false: like other early civilizations the Inca Empire was built on agriculture.

Was farming difficult on the steep Andes?

The Inca made up for the lack of flat farmland with a type of farming called what?

The Inca cut flat steps or what, on the sides of mountains and then build stone walls to keep the what in place?

Terrance farming produced potatoes, maize, and quinoa which is what?

In addition to farming, the Inca raised llamas and alpacas for what and what, and for transporting goods and people across the mountains?

True or false: Inca religious rituals centered on the need to guarantee a good harvest.

The Inca worshiped their emperor as the son of inti, the what, and believed the emperor helped humans communicate with the gods.

True or false: The Inca were gifted engineers and builders.

The Inca build an extensive network of roads that helped them transport what and what?

True or false, Bridges built of wood, stone, and even thick rope helped the Inca cross rivers and deep canyons.

Inca stone architecture was even more impressive, the Inca constructed walls, buildings, and entire cities out of enormous blocks of what?

Thee Inca quarried, or extracted, the stone in the Andes without the use of iron or what tools?

Machu Picchu sits high on a mountain in Peru, Built around when, this stone survived the Spanish conquest in the 1530s because the Spanish never found it.

True or false: Machu Picchu included religious temples, royal residences, and homes for workers as well as waterworks of terraces for farming.

Aqueducts were made of what carried water to the city of Machu Picchu just as aqueducts carried water in Ancient Rome.

Pizarro had just how many men with him, but they had the advantage of horses and superior metal weapons.

True or false: Shortly after the meeting, Pizarro's men captured Atahupla and killed his unarmed attendants

True or false: The Spanish ruled the Inca through Atahuapla for almost a year and then executed him.

By, what year, the Spanish had conquered the territory of the fallen Inca Empire.