The 1815 Congress of Vienna was a victory for _______ because monarchs, noble landowners, and church leaders got what they wanted Europe returned to its pre-1789 ways.

Which is true of conservatives during the early 1800s?

Which is true of liberals in the EARLY 1800s?

Which of the following items listed below, which were supported by liberals of the 1800s, is still supported by those who would identify as "liberal" today?

Which of the following statements is true of the shift in the meaning of Liberal/Conservative over the past 200 years.

What was a main contributing factor to all of the uprisings in the 1800s in lands controlled by Russia, The Ottoman Empire, and Austria?

Which of these groups were able to gain independence from the Ottoman Empire?

Staged a successful revolt against the Ottoman Empire, but were pressured by other European powers into accepting a German prince as their king.

French King who took the throne after his brother's death, attempted to restore absolutism by suspending the legislature, and had to abdicate and flee when the people rioted as a result.

French King who dressed like the middle class and socialized with them, but let his government become corrupt over time and eventually lost their support.

“When France sneezes, Europe catches cold.”--- Metternich

What is Prince Metternich talking about with this quote?

Why was the Kingdom of the Netherlands (combined Belgium & Holland) never going to work out long-term?

Check all that apply.

Country that was divided between Russia, Prussia, and Austria in the 1700s, and was unsuccessful in gaining back its independence in the 1800s.

A period of reduced economic activity. (Hit France under Louis Philippe)

What happened when Louis Philippe tried to silence public meetings of his critics during France's recession?

In the debate of how to run France's Second Republic, ______ wanted moderate reforms, while _____ wanted major reforms.

Like his uncle, this leader came into power through an election, but went from being president to emperor by way of a plebiscite.

In 1848, revolution in France triggered unrest in which other countries?

Check all that apply.

Why didn't Frederick William IV accept the throne over a united Germany in 1848?

Spanish-born, the highest social class; controlled the govt. & the church.

European, but born in colonies; owned businesses & resented peninsulares.

In Latin America, Mestizos & Mulattoes resented _____ because they denied them wealth, power, and status.

A former slave, self-educated, who led a successful revolution that gained Haiti its independence from France. He was captured and died in a French prison. Without his leadership, Haiti made poor decisions & still suffers from them today.

Initiated the Mexicans' march to freedom with "The Cry of Dolores," led a ragtag group of Native Americans, mestizos, & some creoles until his capture & execution.

Mestizo priest who called for social & political reform in Mexico, the abolition of slavery, universal manhood suffrage, and better working conditions. Took over from his predecessor, Father Miguel Hidalgo, but suffered the same fate.

Creole who swapped sides in the Mexican Revolution, and helped overthrow the Spanish. He was emperor for a short time before being replaced by a republic.

What happened to the United Provinces of Central America?

Led an uprising in Venezuela, established a repbulic, crossed the Andes to defeat Spanish in Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. Tried to unite all as Gran Columbia but failed.

What did Dom Pedro's father advise him to do in the event that Brazilians started a revolution against Portugal under his watch? (He took the advice, and it worked).

What are some positive things that came from Napoleon taking control of the Germanic kingdoms?

Prussian policy that ended tariffs between German states.

"This policy cannot succeed through speeches, and shooting matches, and songs; it can only be carried out through blood & iron."

Who said it?

How did Bismarck add lands to Prussia?

Became Kaiser of the Second Reich; ruled over a unified Germany as a constitutional monarch.

What factors led to Germany's economic progress?

Check all that apply.

"The battle for civilization” launched by Bismarck to make Catholics put loyalty to the state above loyalty to the pope. (1871-1878)

Groups that Bismarck opposed.

Select all that apply.

A ruler who believed in divine right, and made Bismarck resign, Kaiser William II had a government that supplied social welfare, which provided what to the German citizens?

Select all that apply.

Which statement best describes Italy's unity before the age of Napoleon?

Group that fought to set up a revolutionary republic in Rome in 1849, but the French toppled it & exiled Mazzini.

Who ultimately ended up unifying Italy under their rule?

Who urged Italian citizens not to cooperate with the new government.

Countries or regions that the most Italians left for during the period of social unrest & industrial growth in the newly unified Italy.

Check all that apply.

Otto von Bismarck's insistence in his "blood and iron" speech that a nation must be prepared to defend its national interests is still embraced today. What is this concept, derived from Bismarck, called?

The nineteenth century unification of Germany and Italy occurred due the popularity of which of the following ideologies?