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Politics and Conflict Test Review

Total questions: 115

Worksheet time: 1hrs 19mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following describes Wallerstein’s World Systems Theory?

a)

This system views the world via economic and political interlinkages

b)

This system studies the spatial and functional relationships of states

c)

Suggests there is a world economic system in which some countries benefit while others are exploited

d)

All of the preceding are true

2.

NATO & The Warsaw Pact can best be described as __________.

a)

Supranational organizations based on military cooperation during the Cold War

b)

Military allies during WWI

c)

Regional organizations based on economic cooperation

d)

Partners in combating irredentism in the former Yugoslavia

3.

Which of the following is the best example of a city-state?

a)

France

b)

Singapore

c)

Israel

d)

The Netherlands

4.

Japan has an emperor - Emperor Akihito – crowned in 1990 who serves a ceremonial role. Japan also has an elected legislature known as the National Diet. Citizens vote for both houses of the legislature. Japan is most likely a ____________.

a)

Constitutional Monarchy

b)

Autocracy

c)

Republic

d)

Absolute monarchy

5.

Which of the following is not an example of devolution in Europe?

a)

Basque separatist movement

b)

breakup of Yugoslavia

c)

re-unification of East and West Germany

d)

“velvet revolution” in Czechoslovakia

6.

Iran has an elected president. Iranians elect a parliament which elects the Supreme Leader and local councils. According to the constitution all candidates running for these positions must be vetted by the Guardian Council (group of religious leaders) before being elected. In addition, there are representatives elected from appointed organizations (usually under the Supreme Leader's control) to "protect the state's Islamic character”. Iran is run by Sharia law. Which type of government does Iran have?

a)

Absolute Monarchy

b)

Totalitarian Dictator

c)

Parliamentary Democracy

d)

Theocracy

7.

The best example of a state would be ___________.

a)

A mountainous region inhabited by a mixture of peoples but recently colonized by a European nation-state

b)

A group of islands inhabited by many different ethnicities. The western islands are part of territory A and the eastern islands are part of territory B

c)

A mountainous region inhabited by many different ethnicities and divided up administratively among various independent states

d)

A flat area of land with defined borders inhabited by many different ethnicities which share responsibility for maintaining an independent government and a standing army.

8.

creation and/or maintenance of an unequal economic, cultural, and territorial relationship, usually between states and often in the form of an empire, based on domination and subordination that employs expansionist, mercantilist policies

a)

colonialism

b)

socialism

c)

fascism

d)

Imperialism

9.

Which of the following is not generally associated with colonialism / imperialism?

a)

formal incorporation of a weaker state into a stronger state

b)

exploration of a weaker state followed by exploitation of the people and/or resources by stronger state

c)

a stronger state pressures a weaker state government to behave in certain ways

d)

use of military threats, economic sanctions, or cultural domination by a stronger state

10.

The concept that ethnicities have the right to vote for their own governing entity is known as ___

a)

universal suffrage

b)

sovereignty

c)

centripetal determination

d)

self-determination

11.

During the late 1930s, Germany invaded Czechoslovakia and Poland, areas with large numbers of German speaking minorities. This type of expansion is known as ____

a)

Irredentism

b)

Territoriality

c)

Integration

d)

Economic imperialism

12.

Which state would most accurately satisfy the definition of a nation-state?

a)

Iceland

b)

Mexico

c)

United States

d)

Kurdistan

13.

Gerrymandering is ___

a)

A form of drawing voting district boundaries that favors a political party

b)

A way to help voters decide which political party to endorse

c)

The formation of unified government services

d)

The creation of majority-minority districts for racial/ethnic minorities

14.

The United Nations is illustrative of which geographic concept?

a)

regionalism

b)

supranationalism

c)

interventionism

d)

nationalism

15.

A weak or loose organization of states agrees to follow a central government. nations can choose to follow or not follow the lead of the central government.

a)

unitary state

b)

republic

c)

confederation

d)

federal state

16.

This country with a written set of rules is most likely _________.

a)

Kingdom of the Netherlands

b)

Iranian Theocracy

c)

Republic of Paraguay

d)

Parliamentary Democracy of Canada

17.

Political states which have a religious government are known as ____________.

a)

mercantile

b)

egalitarian

c)

atheistic

d)

theocratic

18.

Which is not a trend in US demographics?

a)

South is becoming more urban

b)

Larger number of minority voters

c)

Latinos and African-Americans typically vote more conservative

d)

Fast growing Latino population

19.

Which of the following is correct with regard to colonies and colonizing countries?

a)

The Netherlands did not colonize any areas of the world

b)

France’s colonies included most of South Africa, Indonesia, Philippines, & Malaysia

c)

Great Britain was the primary colonizer of eastern Africa

d)

South America was colonized only by the Spanish

20.

A political philosophy, movement, or regime that exalts nation and often race above the individual and that stands for a centralized autocratic government headed by a dictatorial leader, severe economic and social regimentation, and forcible suppression of opposition.

a)

socialism

b)

nationalism

c)

fascism

d)

stateism

21.

Which of the following phrases best defines “stateless nation”?

a)

a distinct group of people sharing a common culture and sense of unity without sovereignty

b)

a single nation dispersed across and predominant in two or more states

c)

many ethnic groups within several contiguous states with no one group dominating

d)

a heterogeneous group of people who are autonomous but not sovereign

22.

UNCLOS III recognized a state's economic rights as extending _____nautical miles from shore.

a)

200

b)

500

c)

12

d)

150

23.

Which of the following is not a primary purpose of the EU (European Union)?

a)

Reduce the threats of terror cells in member countries

b)

Institute open border policies within the union

c)

Establish a monetary union among member countries

d)

Allow free trade among member countries

24.

The _____ was based on control of land, markets, and political ideology, whereas the _____ divide is based on wealth and poverty.

a)

Domino theory …. World Systems

b)

North/ south divide…. East / west divide

c)

Core / periphery ….. East/west divide

d)

East/west divide …. North/south divide

25.

A federal state

a)

has an very strong central government which controls the whole state equally

b)

has subunits. The sub-units have autonomy, but not sovereignty. Geographic area is usually large

c)

is most likely to have very few, if any, sub-state units

d)

does not allow for the regional and cultural interests of minority groups

26.

The political cartoon most likely represents which geographic theory?

a)

Domino Theory

b)

America First

c)

McCarthyism

d)

Red Scare

27.

The sign below most likely would have been found in ____

a)

Egypt today

b)

South Africa during apartheid

c)

Zimbabwe to keep out the Africanos

d)

Israel to keep out Palestinians

28.

Forces within a state that divide people

a)

antagonism

b)

terrorism

c)

centripetal

d)

centrifugal

29.

According to the map below- Saudi Arabia will most likely have which type of government?

a)

direct democracy

b)

republic

c)

absolute monarchy

d)

communist state

30.

What is the main reason for the difference between the map of 1986 and 2013?

a)

Nationalist movements have led to the breakup of Yugoslavia into 7 separate states (Vojovodina currently not independent).

b)

Josef Broz Tito split Yugoslavia up into 7 separate nations to divide the power and start free-enterprise.

c)

Serbian aggression against Croatia and Slovenia caused the UN to come in and draw borders in the former Yugoslavia

d)

The Soviet Union withdrew from Yugoslavia leaving it without a leader and states divided on religious lines.

31.

The _____borders in most of Africa were decided at ____

a)

superimposed / Berlin ConferenceThis

b)

relic / Nuremberg Trials

c)

subsequent / The Versailles Peace

d)

superimposed / Congress of Vienna

32.

Being a landlocked state is a considerable handicap. In Central Asia, a country with historical boundary problems with Russia and an example of a landlocked state is

a)

China

b)

Kazakhstan

c)

Latvia

d)

Iran

33.

The map showing NATO & its allies and the Warsaw Pact and its allies most likely represents the ______

a)

Line of Demarcation

b)

WWII

c)

War of Supremacy

d)

Cold War

34.

The map below most likely represents which empire?

a)

France

b)

Portugal

c)

Spain

d)

Britain

35.

Which is not correct?

a)

Treaty of Versailles – Ended WWII. Laid the blame for the war on USSR. Began the Cold War.

b)

UN Security Council Resolution 181 – Divided the land of Palestine into an Arab state and a Jewish state.

c)

UN Security Council Resolution 242 – Demanded Israel return the Occupied Territories they won in wars.

d)

Age of Exploration – Period from the early 15th century that continued into the early 17th century, during which European ships traveled around the world to search for new trading routes and partners.

36.

The US census is taken every ___ years.  The next one will be ____.

a)

4 years / this year

b)

10 / this year

c)

8 years / in 2022

d)

5 / this year

37.

In Athens, Greece in 44BC, all adult men voted on matters that affected the state. Athens was an example of ___

a)

absolute democracy

b)

constitutional theocracy

c)

republic

d)

direct democracy

38.

Spreading like-minded voters apart across multiple districts to dilute their voting power in each. This denies the group representation in multiple districts.

a)

hijacking

b)

packing

c)

cracking

d)

kidnapping

39.

Which is generally NOT true of RED states?

a)

they are usually pro-choice

b)

they are sometimes called conservatives

c)

they usually favor no restrictions on the 2nd Amendment

d)

they symbol is an elephant and they lean to the right

40.

Which is the best example of a forward capital?

a)

Brasilia, Brazil

b)

Washington DC, USA

c)

London, UK

d)

Cape Town, South Africa

41.

An exclusionary boundary keeps people out and an inclusionary boundary allows people to come in. Which of these is matched correctly?

a)

India / Pakistan – inclusionary

b)

East Germany / West Germany during the Cold War – inclusionary

c)

North Korea / South Korea – exclusionary

d)

US / Canada – exclusionary

42.

Identify and define the political geography concept in the shaded areas of the map below?

a)

Irredentism – reclaiming land lost in a war or uniting similar people together as one nation-state.

b)

Nationalism – the desire to become their own nation-state

c)

Devolution – unification processes are in motion

d)

Buffer states – state between two larger more powerful neighbors

43.

Which border dispute is not matched correctly with its definition?

a)

Allocational – conflict over “stuff” – oil, gas, seafloor riches, water

b)

Operational – dispute over how boundary should function (ex: migration, crossing the border, trade across the border)

c)

Locational – dispute on the actual location of the border. Sides don’t agree on the actual position of the border.

d)

Territorial – dispute over irredentism – all people of the same ethnic or religious group must be together

44.

The acquisition, establishment, exploitation, expansion, & maintenance  of colonies in one territory by people from another territory. 

a)

colonialism

b)

territoriality

c)

irredentism

d)

cultural imperialism

45.

This method involves dividing the population of the state in half using the shortest line possible. The remaining sections are continually chopped in half using the shortest straight line possible until the appropriate number of districts are drawn.

a)

split-line re-districting

b)

gerrymandering

c)

majority-minority districting

d)

majority-minority districting

46.

To win the US presidency a candidate needs ____ electoral votes. Each state has at least _____ electoral votes.

a)

538 / 12

b)

181 / 5

c)

242 / 2

d)

270 / 3

47.

What language would the people of this empire shown above most likely speak a form of as a first or second language?

a)

Russian

b)

Spain

c)

French

d)

English

48.

Numerous strategies used by the US to stop the spread of communism.

a)

irridentism

b)

isolationism

c)

America First

d)

containment

49.

In China there are 3 branches of government - the legislative branch (the National People's Congress), the executive branch (the State Council and President of China), and the judicial branch (the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate). All of the people that work for the government are from the Communist Party. China is an example of _____

a)

aristocracy

b)

autocracy

c)

military junta

d)

1 party state

50.

Which of the following is in the correct order regarding the establishment of boundaries?

a)

define – delimit – demarcate

b)

demarcate – delimit – define

c)

delimit – define – demarcate

d)

delimit – demarcate – define

51.

Using the map and your knowledge of political geography and colonialism, the states with the darkest color are most likely which of the following?

a)

unitary

b)

primate

c)

frontier

d)

federal

52.

On this map, Mongolia, located between Russia & China best represents which of the following political geography concepts/terms?

a)

buffer state

b)

irredentism

c)

shatterbelt

d)

stateless nation

53.

UNCLOS III states that territorial seas extend ______ miles.

a)

200

b)

100

c)

50

d)

12

54.

The median-line principle states which of the following?

a)

States are allowed to claim up to 12 nautical miles for territorial claims.

b)

Seabeds and subsoils of continental shelves are property of the state.

c)

Maritime economic waters are divided in half where 400 nautical miles between states does not exist.

d)

Territorial waters were set by how far land-based cannons could shoot.

55.

The map most likely a map of which political geography agreement?

a)

Arab League

b)

Berlin Conference

c)

Peace of Westphalia

d)

Treaty of Versailles

56.

Which is NOT usually true of BLUE states?

a)

usually pro-choice

b)

also called liberal states

c)

favor government programs

d)

usually pro-2nd Amendment

57.

One of the issues of supranationalism is that states feel they are losing ____ in order to be part of a larger group.

a)

sovereignty

b)

statehood

c)

theocracy

d)

negotiating power

58.

Among the world's largest multinational states are ___

a)

Russia and China

b)

Mexico and Japan

c)

Mexico and Russia

d)

Australia and New Zealand

59.

Which of the following statements is not true about the place pictured in the maps?

a)

A nationalist group in this land area is the Palestinians

b)

UN Resolution 242 demands that Israel return land won from the Palestinians

c)

Palestine is a full voting member in the UN

d)

UN Resolution 181 splits the land between two nations – one predominantly Arab & one predominantly Jewish

60.

Which groups would not compromise in our Palestinian - Israeli Peace Conference?

a)

Hamas & Palestinian Authority

b)

Hamas & Ultra Orthodox

c)

Likud Bloc & Labor Party

d)

Ultra Orthodox & Palestinian Refugees

61.

What is a bi-national state?

a)

A state that covers an area that was once two states

b)

A state that has elections every two years

c)

A state made up of 2 large ethnic groups

d)

A state without sovereignty

62.

In Brunei the leader makes all the decisions.  He inherited the position from his father.  The citizens have no say in the government.  Which type of government is this?

a)

Athenian democracy

b)

absolute monarchy

c)

parliamentary republic

d)

constitutional monarchy

63.

This cartoon's meaning has to do with US fracking for oil and which organization _____

a)

ASEAN

b)

APEC

c)

NAFTA

d)

OPEC

64.

The majority of African states entered the UN after 1960 because____

a)

Political differences with the UN did not allow them to join until then.

b)

Most decolonization in Africa took place between 1950-1980.

c)

They disagreed with the concept of the UN until then.

d)

The creation of African United Nations took precedence

65.

In the 1970'a a group of families of wealth and power made the decisions for South Korea.  What type of government is this?

a)

one-party state

b)

junta

c)

oligarchy

d)

monarchy

66.

One of the sticking points of UN Security Council Resolutions 181 & 242 is what to do with Jerusalem.  The city is considered a holy place by all of the following belief systems except:

a)

Islam

b)

Catholicism

c)

Buddhism

d)

Judaism

67.

Which is not matched correctly?

a)

AU – African Union – African nations help solve the problems of African nations without outside help

b)

The Commonwealth – alliance of former French colonies

c)

UNICEF - started in 1949 to help children in Europe facing famine and disease (effects of WWII). Gave children food, clothes, and health care

d)

ASEAN – Association of South East Asian Nations – 3rd largest free trade zone. Economic, social & cultural alliance

68.

The border between the US & Canada along the 49th parallel is an example of which type of boundary?

a)

Subsequent – was created after the Spanish – American War by the Treaty of Guadalupe - Hidalgo

b)

Superimposed – created by the UN

c)

Antecedent – Existed before there was major settlement in either country and was later formalized by treaty.

d)

Cultural – created to divide two major ethnic groups – French & Native American

69.

Which type of government is the US?

a)

Federal Republic

b)

Parliamentary Democracy

c)

Absolute Democracy

d)

Unitary Republic

70.

A boundary dispute over products like oil, gas or water between two or more countries is a/an______________ dispute.

a)

operational

b)

physical

c)

allocational

d)

definitional

71.

Which statement is true?

a)

Diagram C could be the former Yugoslavia

b)

Diagram D represents irredentism

c)

Diagram B represents a stateless nation

d)

Diagram A represents a nation state.

72.

Any form of government in which political power is controlled by one individual such as a monarch, dictator, emperor, etc. 

a)

democracy

b)

autocracy

c)

junta

d)

oligarchy

73.

Which of the following is not a typical outcome of colonialism?

a)

In the former colonies, dictators often come to power.

b)

In the former colonies, technology is new and leads to innovation and growing economies and industries

c)

In the former colonies, cash crops are grown instead of food crops.

d)

In the former colonies, governments are often unstable and foreign investors fear losing money

74.

Which of the geographic concepts does the map above most likely represent?

a)

Neocolonialism

b)

Annexation

c)

Reapportionment

d)

Shatterbelt

75.

The Berlin Wall is a good example of a (an) ___     

a)

Superimposed - boundary created by communist Europe

b)

Relic border – East and West Germany reunited, but the divide is seen between the two sides

c)

Geometric - boundary using latitude and longitude

d)

Antecedent - boundary located within an urban area

76.

The Canadian government created the new territory of Nunavut in order to

a)

grant autonomy to the Cree and Mohawk people living in eastern Canada

b)

guarantee Canadian fishing rights in the Atlantic Ocean

c)

recognize the territorial rights of indigenous people in the area

d)

facilitate the exploration of mineral resources in the Northwest Territories

e)

re-create the pre-1912 boundary of Quebec

77.

ECONOMIC COMMUNITY OF WEST AFRICAN STATES (ECOWAS)

Which of the following is the correct organizational scale for the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)?

a)

global

b)

state

c)

supranational

d)

local

e)

national

78.

Based on the information in the map, what is the most likely outcome of the possible establishment of an independent Kurdistan for the Kurdish people?

a)

The countries shown on the map will cooperate and work together to address the political situation and needs of people in areas with a substantial Kurdish population

b)

The Kurdish people would have to migrate into a single country to gain a population majority and would struggle for control of the government.

c)

The Kurdish people, seeking a state of their own with a majority Kurdish population, might secede from or rebel against the states labeled on the map

d)

In areas with a Kurdish majority population, Kurdish people are politically active among Turks, Iranians, Iraqis, and Syrians and would be able to win an election on a national vote to secede

e)

The state of Turkey, seeking to connect areas with a substantial Kurdish population into an independent state, might take action against neighboring states

79.

Which of the following can be an example of a centrifugal political force?

a)

Homogeneous ethnic population

b)

Strong central government

c)

Variation of language within the country

d)

Concentrated ownership of media

e)

Shift to tertiary economy

80.

Which of the following countries did NOT have a significant, long-lasting colonial presence in Africa after 1920 ?

a)

Germany

b)

Belgium

c)

Portugal

d)

Great Britain

e)

France

81.

Culturally defined political boundaries, such as those determined by the spatial patterns of religion or language, are called ___

a)

geometric

b)

antecedent

c)

consequent

d)

natural

e)

relict

82.

The Philippines and Malaysia lay claim to resources under and around the Spratly Islands. Which of the following best explains how the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) influences claims to the islands by both countries?

a)

The Philippines and Malaysia both claim the islands lie within their territorial seas up to 12 nautical miles from their coasts.

b)

The Philippines and Malaysia both claim ownership to the resources based on a historic possession of the islands.

c)

The claims to the islands by the Philippines and Malaysia overlap due to the median line principle

d)

The Philippines and Malaysia both claim the islands lie within their contiguous zones between 12 and 24 nautical miles from their coasts.

e)

The claims to the Spratly Islands by both the Philippines and Malaysia overlap due to exclusive economic zones up to 200 nautical miles from their coasts

83.

What is the source of dispute between Canada, Russia, Norway, Denmark, and the United States over political boundaries in the Arctic Ocean and ownership of the North Pole?

a)

They all claim to have had indigenous residents from their countries living on the polar ice pack at sometime in the past

b)

Each claims the first explorer to reach the North Pole came from their country and planted their flag, signifying ownership

c)

The northern polar region has the same international treaties that govern land use and resources in Antarctica

d)

They all claim the right to extract natural resources out to the edge of the continental shelf, beyond their exclusive economic zones

e)

The North Pole is the focal point of all the intersecting boundaries on the map. However, it floats on a constantly moving ice sheet

84.

Some territories within the Russian Federation are characterized by concentrated populations of ethnic groups and these areas function as autonomous republics. Which of the following best explains the political relationship between the autonomous republics and the central government of Russia?

a)

the autonomous republics provide ethnic groups with some political control over their homelands while preserving Russia’s territorial integrity.

b)

Russia is a unitary state characterized by many ethnic groups united within a single country.

c)

The autonomous republics are able to function independently from the central government because of an abundance of natural resources.

d)

Russia is a multistate nation characterized by contested regional boundaries.

e)

The central government of Russia exerts complete control over the autonomous republics to counteract devolutionary pressures.

85.

Which of the following is NOT part of the definition of a state?

a)

Political sovereignty

b)

An organized economy and administrative system

c)

A common language

d)

A permanent resident population

e)

Defined boundaries

86.

Which of the following correctly compares the impact of centripetal forces at the local scale with the impact of centripetal forces at the national scale?

a)

Centripetal forces may cause uneven development at the local scale but not at the national scale.

b)

Centripetal forces may lead to stateless nations at the national scale but not the local scale.

c)

Centripetal forces may result in nationalism at the local scale but not at the national scale.

d)

Centripetal forces at both the local scale and the national scale may lead to failed states.

e)

Centripetal forces at both the local scale and the national scale may lead to increased cultural cohesion.

87.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of devolutionary movements in Spain and Canada?

a)

Both independence movements utilize cultural distinctiveness as their only reason for seeking independence.

b)

There is an economic aspect to the Catalan independence movement, while the Quebecois focus mainly on cultural differences.

c)

Both independence movements focus on religious differences with the nations they currently belong to.

d)

There is an economic aspect to the Quebecois independence movement, while the Catalans focus mainly on culture

e)

Both independence movements utilize economic power as their main reason for seeking independence.

88.

Which of the following groups represents a stateless nation?

a)

Albanians

b)

Israelis

c)

Germans

d)

Turks

e)

Kurds

89.

Which of the following is an example of Balkanization?

a)

Greece

b)

USSR

c)

Albania

d)

Romania

e)

Hungary

90.

Which of the following describes typical characteristics of federal states?

a)

A centralized government and strong centripetal forces

b)

A compact shape and a primate city

c)

A large land area and multiple ethnic groups

d)

A fragmented land area and a single ethnic group

e)

A small land area and high population density

91.

The map above shows the countries in Africa where private investors and foreign governments have leased farmland for large-scale commercial farming. Usually much of the food produced is bound for wealthier nations. This practice is an example of

a)

imperialism

b)

neocolonialism

c)

Pan-Africanism

d)

irredentism

e)

decolonization

92.

Boundaries based on the median-line principle are generally associated with __

a)

bodies of water

b)

mountain ridges

c)

converging ethnic territories

d)

major highways

e)

unsettled frontier zones

93.

The Berlin Wall fell in 1989, but people in the former East and West Germany still feel its influence. Geographers would say that where the wall once stood now acts as a __

a)

antecedent boundary

b)

superimposed boundary

c)

relict boundary

d)

fortified boundary

e)

natural boundary

94.

Which of the following is a likely outcome of gerrymandering?

a)

Disrupting electronic polling machines or the data networks run by elections officials

b)

Splitting areas of majority group voters across a number of legislative representatives' districts

c)

Placing a legislative representative’s districts in a row pattern while drawing a new electoral map

d)

Supporting political party candidates with campaign funds intended to be used in particular geographic areas

e)

Packing areas of minority group voters into a single legislative representative’s district

95.

Based on the map, which of the following can be identified as a true statement about Northern Ireland?

a)

It is a frontier that is not formally part of a state, but the United Kingdom claims the area.

b)

It forms its own sovereign nation-state predominately made up of the Irish ethnic group.

c)

It is united with the rest of the island to form a sovereign nation-state.

d)

It is physically separate from the rest of the United Kingdom, a multinational state.

e)

It is a stateless nation, as the entire island of Ireland is under the control of the United Kingdom.

96.

Which of the following describes a federal form of governance?

a)

Laws are enacted in a single language to promote cultural unity.

b)

A centralized government creates a barrier to local participation in the political process.

c)

Autonomous regions act outside the authority of a central government.

d)

Multiple substates have local control and are unified to pursue common goals at the national level.

e)

Federal states encourage devolutionary movements and break apart quickly.

97.

Which of the following is an example of a superimposed boundary?

a)

The geometric boundary between the United States and Canada

b)

The Great Wall of China

c)

The Pyrenees Mountains between France and Spain

d)

The geometric boundary between Iraq and Saudi Arabia

e)

The border of the European Union

98.

Which of the following explains why Korea and Vietnam were viewed as shatterbelts during the Cold War?

a)

Korea and Vietnam kept two political adversaries geographically separated.

b)

Korea and Vietnam fragmented into new states due to internal tensions.

c)

Korea and Vietnam experienced conflict due to a dispute between global powers.

d)

Korea and Vietnam tried to control land and sea areas around their states.

e)

Korea and Vietnam were politically controlled by regional powers.

99.

Which of the following describes a unitary form of governance?

a)

A state’s more powerful central government shares power with its regions.

b)

A sense of unity, often derived from ethnic or cultural traits, binds a country together.

c)

Stronger states and transnational corporations indirectly control weaker states.

d)

A collection of independent communities shares government services.

e)

A state has a strong central government with no power given to regions.

100.

A good example of a centripetal force in political geography is ___

a)

the existence of different language regions

b)

rugged topography

c)

a primate city

d)

religious diversity and conflict

e)

a poorly developed road network

101.

Which of the following is South Africa’s former state-sanctioned policy of segregating the races?

a)

Apartheid

b)

Secularism

c)

Redlining

d)

Gerrymandering

e)

Gentrification

102.

In 1982 the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) established freedom-of-navigation rights and defined territorial waters as a 12-nautical-mile limit from the coast where individual states have political and economic sovereignty. However, Greece and Turkey still only claim a 6-nautical-mile territorial sea.

What do the maps indicate regarding the political geography of the Aegean Sea?

a)

Turkey controls all access from the Dardanelles to the Mediterranean Sea.

b)

Greece controls most of the islands in the Aegean Sea.

c)

Turkey controls most of the islands in the Aegean Sea.

d)

Greece controls all access from the Aegean Sea to the Black Sea.

e)

Turkey and Greece share control of most of the islands in the Aegean Sea.

103.

In the United States House of Representatives there are a fixed number of 435 seats divided among the states based upon each state’s relative population size. Changes in the number of representatives, as shown on the map, affect politics at which of the following scales?

a)

national

b)

state

c)

county

d)

city

e)

regional

104.

Crossing which of the following borders requires few, if any, formalities and thus encourages the free flow of people and products?

a)

North Korea-South Korea

b)

Romania-Ukraine

c)

India-Pakistan

d)

Netherlands-Belgium

e)

United States-Canada

105.

Which of the following events could be a threat to a state’s sovereignty at the national scale, while holding a region together at the global scale?

a)

A natural disaster such as an earthquake or tsunami occurring within the country

b)

Decommitment to environmental resolutions established by the United Nations

c)

Admittance into a supranational organization such as the European Union

d)

A member of the state’s minority political party being elected to lead the country

e)

A shift from a federal system to a unitary system of governance within the state

106.

Which of the following correctly lists the usual hierarchy of political-administrative units in order from the largest to the smallest?

a)

Empire, county, province, nation-state

b)

Empire, nation-state, province, county

c)

County, nation-state, province, empire

d)

Province, empire, nation-state, county

e)

Empire, nation-state, county, province

107.

Which of the following best explains why the region of Catalonia in Spain could be a viable country?

a)

Catalonia's population is ethnically distinct compared to other regions in Spain.

b)

Catalonia has a large population compared to other regions in Spain.

c)

Catalonia has a major city, Barcelona, which has a notoriety comparable to that of the Spanish capital, Madrid.

d)

Catalonia is linguistically distinct compared to other regions in Spain.

e)

Catalonia is well developed economically compared to other regions in Spain.

108.

Which of the following compares the impact of increased global communications technology to the impact of state-controlled media?

a)

Global communications technology is utilized as a centripetal force to present a common message, whereas state-controlled media may bring in new ideas that act as centrifugal forces

b)

Global communications technology may bring in new ideas that act as centrifugal forces, whereas state-controlled media is utilized as a centripetal force to present a common message.

c)

Both global communication technology and state-controlled media act as centripetal forces that present a common message, which is utilized by the government to bind citizens together.

d)

Neither global communications technology nor state-controlled media have any impact on the viability of a state when it comes to centripetal or centrifugal forces.

e)

Both global communications technology and state-controlled media act as centrifugal forces because they give citizens access to concepts or ideas that may inspire dissent.

109.

The boundaries of congressional districts of the United States are ___

a)

redrawn after every presidential election

b)

redrawn whenever a member of Congress feels his or her constituency has changed

c)

redrawn every ten years

d)

set according to a process developed by the writers of the United States Constitution

e)

drawn to cross over state boundaries

110.

Historically, Iceland had only one period of human migration. The country has never been invaded and possesses a common culture and language. As a result, Iceland is regarded as a good example of which of the following concepts?

a)

Exclave

b)

Constitutional monarchy

c)

Absolute monarchy

d)

Nation-state

e)

Theocracy

111.

In 1982 the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) established freedom-of-navigation rights and defined territorial waters as a 12-nautical-mile limit from the coast where individual states have political and economic sovereignty. However, Greece and Turkey still only claim a 6-nautical-mile territorial sea.

 If Greece and Turkey adopted the UNCLOS system and expanded their territorial seas to 12 nautical miles, as shown in Map 2, which of the following scenarios best explains the resulting geographic pattern?

a)

International ships transiting from the Mediterranean Sea to the Black Sea would only be able to sail in Turkey’s coastal waters.

b)

Greece would be required to guarantee the right of passage for ships transiting from the Dardanelles to the Mediterranean Sea.

c)

Greece would only guarantee right of passage to ships from other European Union countries due to the open border policy.

d)

Turkey would be forced to join the European Union in order to participate in international trade and benefit from the open border policy.

e)

Black Sea countries like Bulgaria would have to ship goods by land through Europe or Russia to participate in international trade.

112.

AMERICAN INDIAN RESERVATIONS, ALASKAN NATIVE CORPORATION LANDS, HAWAIIAN HOME LANDS

Which of the following best explains the governance of the shaded areas shown on the map?

a)

These areas show territory occupied by indigenous peoples as stateless nations at a local scale.

b)

These areas are established as nation-states for indigenous peoples at the local scale.

c)

These areas are lands of indigenous peoples that are sovereign independent states at an international scale.

d)

These areas show territory controlled by indigenous peoples as a single multistate nation.

e)

These areas show where indigenous peoples have a limited amount of self-government at a national scale.

113.

The Berlin Conference established the borders of North African countries including Egypt, Libya, and Sudan. The landscape of these countries influenced the types of boundaries imposed by the European colonial powers. Which of the following boundary types best explains the influence of landscape on the political borders of the North African region?

a)

Natural, with irregular lines, accounting for regional physical features such as mountains or water bodies

b)

Antecedent, based on tribal cultural boundaries that existed before European colonization

c)

Consequent, accounting for local differences in language and religion during European colonization

d)

Subsequent, with smaller buffer states placed between larger states to prevent political conflicts

e)

Geometric, with straight lines, disregarding physical features or tribal cultural differences of the areas

114.

Based on the data in the table, which of the following is a possible impact of ethnic and religious diversity in Iraq?

a)

Ethnicity and religion increase cultural cohesion in the country by promoting shared political ideology.

b)

Ethnicity and religion act as centripetal forces in the country by creating a common Iraqi identity among the population

c)

Ethnicity and religion facilitate democratization in the country by motivating participation in elections.

d)

Ethnicity and religion lead to devolutionary pressures in the country by politically dividing regions.

e)

Ethnicity and religion promote economic development in the country by generating national pride in the country’s accomplishments.

115.

At some point in their recent history, all of the following countries became divided into two political entities as a result of cultural or ideological conflict EXCEPT

a)

Germany

b)

Ireland

c)

Vietnam

d)

Korea

e)

Japan