Squidward has light blue skin, and his genotype for this trait is Bb. Which of the following would describe Squidward?

Sets of instructions in each human cell that determine inherited physical features and other traits.

A quality or characteristic of a living thing.

Characteristics that a living thing gets from their parents.

A characteristic that a living thing gets in its lifetime.

The passing on of traits and physical features from parents to their offspring.

All the organisms in one group at the same place and time.

A way in which a living thing acts or responds to its surrounding.

Knowing how to read a book is an example of ____________.

A mother dog and her puppy both have curly fur. Which BEST explains this?

Which of these is a learned behavior for a human.

In a population of cardinals, all the birds have short beaks. Their short beaks are an example of _________________.

A pine tree and its offspring are both bent in the same way. Which statement MOST LIKELY explains why they are both bent?

An oak tree can produce many acorns that will grow to be oak trees themselves. Which characteristic are all of the offspring likely to share with the parent tree.

Which it true about parents and their offspring?

Which is the best way to reasonably predict what a puppy will look like?

A girl and her mother both have freckles and both have a scar on their right leg from falling off a bicycle. Which is most likely true?

Which characteristic of a cat is most likely to be inherited?

Which characteristic is most likely NOT inherited?

Which of the following behaviors does a baby need to learn?

Which are different forms of the same gene?

Which describes the law of segregation?

A plant that has round and yellow seeds (RrYy) is crossed with a plant that has round and yellow seeds (RrYy). What is the ratio of the offspring that will have round and yellow seeds?

Key: R = round

r = wrinkled

Y = yellow

y = green

The diagram represents a dihybrid cross between two pea plants heterozygous for both seed color and seed shape. What is the phenotypic ratio of the offspring?

Pea plants can have yellow seeds or green seeds. Which conclusion about the meaning of Y is correct if the allele combination Yy is for yellow seeds?

Unattached earlobes is a dominant trait, E. A parent who is homozygous for unattached earlobes is crossed with a parent who is homozygous for attached earlobes. Which describes the genotypes of their offspring?

Which Punnett square represents a cross between two parents that are heterozygous for purple flowers?

What does the notation Rr mean to geneticists?

Each kernel of corn on a single ear can inherit a different set of alleles from those inherited by other kernels. This characteristic makes corn a useful example of which law or principle?

Which type of scientific statement is defined as a statement of fact that is generally accepted to be true and universal because it has always been observed to be true?

A single gene has 3 or more alternative forms. These are called

A gene that is found on the X or Y chromosome is called a(n)

Why do humans have a range of phenotype possibilities when it comes to eye color?

A roan cow shows codominance in fur color (brown and white). What is the phenotype ratio expected in offspring a female roan and a male roan mate together?

A calico cat expresses the orange allele and black allele equally, having areas of fur with either orange or black pigment. What kind of inheritance pattern is this?

What inheritance pattern is demonstrated in this image?

True or False: Males always inherit their X chromosome from their mother

If a woman is a carrier for an X-linked recessive trait of hemophilia and her husband has hemophilia, which of the following is true?

In some carnations, flower color exhibits codominance. When crossed, red (RR) and white (WW) flowers make speckled flowers (RW) that show both colors.

Complete a cross between a speckled flower and a red flower. What would be the phenotypic ratio of thier offspring?

A woman is heterozygous for blood type A and a male is homozygous for blood type B- what blood types are possible in their children?

If a female fruit fly heterozygous for red eyes (X^RX^r) crossed with a white-eyed male (X^rY), what percent of their offspring would have white eyes?

What is the percent probability of a single male sperm cell containing an Y chromosome?

Blood types are an example of codominance and

This is when multiple genes code for a single trait

PKU is a gene that winds up controlling multiple phenotypes such as tremors, stunted growth, seizures, and eczema. This is an example of

If your DF = 2, and you calculated a X² value of 1.03 then your p value would indicate

A p-value of less than 0.05 indicates

Which of the following inheritance patterns explains how a particular version of a regulatory gene can activate or deactivate a gene that controls a particular trait?

Chi-square analysis is used to

Some individuals have both round and sickle shaped red blood cells. This is an example of

Labrador retriever's fur color is an example of epistasis. In this case the E gene controls the expression of the B gene. It a puppy was born with the genotype eeBB its fur color would be ________ and if it was born with the genotype EEbb it would be __________

Genes located on the same chromosome are called

1. The term used to describe the number of chromosomes in an egg or sperm cell is

2. Cells are formed by the division of existing cells. Four different cells are shown.

Which cell is produced by meiosis?

3. Albinism is an inherited condition in which pigment does not develop in the skin, hair and eyes. The allele for albinism is recessive.

What are the chances of albino parents having an albino child?

4. Which structure will be found in the nucleus of a body cell in a woman?

5. Which statement about the human sex chromosomes is correct?

6. A man has three daughters.

What is the chance of his next child being a daughter?

7. Which sex chromosomes are present in all mature human sperm cells?

8. The diagram shows the chromosomes from one person.

What can be deduced about the person who has these chromosomes?

9. The diagram shows the fusion of gametes to produce a son and a daughter.

What are the sex chromosomes in gamete Q and son R?

10. Sickle cell anaemia is determined by the gene Hb. HbA is the allele for normal blood. HbS is the allele for sickle cell anaemia.

Which combination of parents could result in some children with resistance to malaria and some with all normal red blood cells?

11. Gametes are produced by the process of ------------

12. Chromosomes that determine the body characteristics -------------------------------

13. Which of the following genotype shows the female who is the carrier for Haemophilia?

14. In the inheritance of ABO blood groups, when two parents have the genotypes IAIA and IAIo, what is the blood group of their offspring?

15. What determines the sex of a baby?

What does the notation TT mean to a geneticist?

What is the probability of producing a tall pea plant from a genetic cross between two hybrid tall pea plants?

What does a Punnett square show?

Which term refers to physical characteristics that are studied in genetics?

An organism’s genotype is its

Factors that control traits are called

Scientists call an organism that has two different alleles for a trait a

What does the notation Tt mean to geneticists?

What is probability?

If a homozygous black guinea pig (BB) is crossed with a homozygous white guinea pig (bb), what is the probability that an offspring will have black fur?

An organism’s physical appearance is its

When sex cells combine to produce offspring, each sex cell will contribute

The different forms of a gene are called

An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait is

A heterozygous organism has

The different forms of a gene are called

The dachshund dog has its unique physical characteristics because of

Which plant, because of selective breeding, gave rise to kohlrabi, kale, broccoli, Brussel sprouts, cabbage, and cauliflower?

Genetic engineering involves changing an organism's genome. What is NOT a goal of genetically engineering an organism's DNA?

Cloning is...

What two types of cells are needed in the cloning process?

True or False: In the cloning process, the nucleus (with its DNA) is removed from the egg cell.

In the cloning process, the enucleated egg cell then receives...

A surrogate ...

What cell is implanted in a surrogate during cloning?

Gel electrophoresis is a technique...

Gel electrophoresis is used to get a DNA "fingerprint" for...

Restriction enzymes are useful in gel electrophoresis and genetic engineering because...

While restriction enzymes allow for the cutting of DNA, ligases allow for...

Using the electrophoresis analysis of the DNA found at a crime scene, which suspect's DNA matches that of the crime scene DNA?

Based on the gel electrophoresis of these plant species, which plant is the unknown species?

When an organism is genetically engineered, what occurs?

A biologist needs to know which of three male zebras fathered the litter. Which process can solve this problem.

A child is born with a faulty gene that causes a serious disease. Which process can solve this problem.

Restriction enzymes are analogous to what common school supply?

Restriction Enzymes can cut at any sequence of DNA

What is a plasmid?

Sticky ends are produced when the restriction enzyme cuts in a:

A plasmid is larger than a bacterial genome

How many times do you want a restriction enzyme to cut a human genome in order to cut out the gene of interest to insert into a plasmid?

What enzyme is used to ensure that the recombinant DNA created is bonded together along the sugar-phosphate backbone?

Biological cloning is frequently used to make which of the following:

Why is DNA polymerase needed in the PCR process?

Why are nucleotides needed in the PCR process?

Why is the first heating up stage needed in the PCR cycle?

This laboratory procedure is known as

In preparation for an electrophoresis procedure, enzymes are added to DNA in order to

The parents of a new baby believe they brought the wrong child home from the hospital. Gel electrophoresis was performed using DNA samples from the parents and the child. A section of the gel

electrophoresis results is shown below. Which conclusion is valid based on the gel electrophoresis results?

A student performed a gel electrophoresis experiment. The results are represented in the diagram

below. Compared to the fragments at the top of the gel, the fragments at the lower end are

Which chemicals are used to cut DNA into fragments for a gel electrophoresis procedure?

Gel electrophoresis is used to separate DNA fragments on the basis of which property?

Because DNA is composed of alternating sugar and phosphate molecules, DNA is known as a double helix.

Most females have one X and one Y (XY) sex chromosome

People are always shedding cells. Therefore DNA can be recovered from:

The term that describes a picture of homologous pairs of human chromosomes is:

The 95 percent of noncoding DNA is involved in:

If one person has two alleles that are the same for a specific STR, then that person is considered to have:

James Watson and Francis Crick received the 1953 Nobel Prize for their work on describing the structure of DNA as

Which chromosomes have the same shape and contain the same genes?

DNA in chromosomes is called

Alternate forms of a gene are called:

The total amount of DNA in a cell, which is contained in the cell's nucleus (nuclear DNA) and mitochondria (mtDNA), is called the human:

Approximately how many base pairs are in the human body?

In 1984, Dr. Alec Jeffreys at the University of Leicaster observed that DNA from different individuals contains different polymorphisms. His laboratory developed a technique for isolating and analyzing these variable areas that is known as:

Which method is used to identify different STR markers?

Ninety-five percent of DNA is non-coding. What term describes non-coding DNA that acts as genetic "on-an-off" switches?

What material is used to isolate and cut DNA?

Name a method of separating molecules, such as DNA, based on their size

The DNA of every organism on earth is made of the same four

Amplifying trace samples of DNA is called

In 1984, Dr. Alec Jeffreys at the University of Leicaster observed that DNA from different individuals contains different polymorphisms. His laboratory developed a technique for isolating and analyzing these variable areas that is known as: