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WorksheetsHonors Genetics
Total questions: 48
Worksheet time: 28mins
Which of the following describes the difference between a purine and a pyrimidine?
Purines are single ring structures and include C and A while pyrimidines are double ring structures and include T and G
Pyrimidines are single ring structures and include C and A while purines are double ring structures and include T and G.
Purines are single ring structures and include T and C while pyrimidines are double ring structures and include A and G
Pyrimidines are single ring structures and include T and C while purines are double ring structures and include A and G.
What is the correct sequence of protein synthesis?
A. tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome
B. DNA molecules serve as the templates for mRNA.
C. mRNA molecules move to ribosomes.
D. Polypeptides are formed on ribosomes.
A-B-C-D
B-C-A-D
C-B-A-D
D-B-A-C
This is what DNA stands for
dinucleotideadenosine
doublenucleotide acid
dinucleotide acid
deoxyribonucleic acid
What are the building blocks (monomers) that compose DNA and RNA?
amino acids
nucleic acids
nucleotides
proteins
A relatively weak bond that forms between the two nitrogen bases holding the two sides of the DNA molecule together.
hydrogen bond
covalent bond
peptide bond
ionic bond
Deoxyribose is
the nucleotide of DNA
the sugar found in DNA
the sugar found in RNA
none of the above
Name the three components of the nucleotides that compose DNA.
sugar, nitrogen base, protein
sugar, phosphate, hydrogen bond
phosphate, nitrogen base, hydrogen bond
sugar, nitrogen base, phosphate
What are Chargaff's (complementary) base pairing rules for DNA?
A--T
C--G
C--G
A--U
C--A
G--T
C--T
G--A
1.Which nitrogen base is found in RNA, but not found in DNA?
thymine
uracil
adenine
guanine
Why is transcription necessary?
DNA has to directly be used to make a protein, so we have to turn it into amino acids
DNA can't leave the nucleus, and ribosomes, which make proteins, aren't in the nucleus.
RNA can't leave the nucleus so DNA has to be converted to make a protein.
none of the above
What makes up the “sides” or backbone of the DNA ladder?
nitrogen bases
alternating sugars and phosphates
sugars and bases
phosphates and bases
What purpose does DNA serve in a cell?
short-term energy storage
long-term energy storage
stores instructions for making proteins and hereditary information
none of the above
Which molecule is this?
protein
carbohydrate
nucleotide
lipid
Name the 3 parts of the molecule
1. sugar
2. phosphate
3. nitrogen base
1. phosphate
2. nitrogen base
3. sugar
1. phosphate
2. sugar
3. nitrogen base
1. nitrogen base
2. phosphate
3. sugar
What about DNA, specifically, determines the traits of an organism and what protein is made?
the order of the bases
how many bases
which cell the DNA is in
none of the above
DNA is ___stranded; RNA is ____ stranded
single;single
double; single
double; double
single; double
What is this molecule?
mRNA
RNA
tRNA
rRNA
In order for genes to be expressed (“made” so to speak), what two processes must occur?
first translation, then transcription
first DNA replication, then transcription
first DNA replication, then transcription, then translation
first transcription then translation
This protein adds complementary RNA bases to a strand of DNA during transcription
DNA polymerase
Helicase
RNA polymerase
none of the above
What is the function of tRNA?
carries information from DNA to the ribosome
reads the mRNA
turns DNA into mRNA
brings amino acids to the ribosome
The purpose of mRNA is to carry the protein building instructions from __1__ in the ___2_ to the __3__ located in the ___4____
1.RNA
2.DNA
3. Ribosome
4. cytoplasm
1. DNA
2. RNA
3. Ribosome
4. Cytoplasm
1. DNA
2. Nucleus
3. Ribosome
4. Cytoplasm
1. Ribosome
2. Cytoplasm
3. DNA
4. Nucleus
Where does transcription occur?
cytoplasm
rough ER
nucleus
A and B
Transcribe and translate the following DNA strand:
TTCTACTGGCCCACT
AAGAUGACCGGGUGA
MET-THR-GLY-Stop
AAGAUGACCGGGUGA
AAGATGACCGGGTGA
MET-THR-GLY-Stop
AAGATGACCGGGTGA
LYS-MET-GLY-stop
What happens to the DNA strand after transcription is completed?
its is destroyed
it is replicated
nothing
it zips back up
The start codon is
MET
AUG
UAC
none of the above
What is transcription?
turning mRNA into a protein
Replicating DNA
turning DNA into mRNA
turning mRNA into tRNA
What is the central dogma? Choose all that apply
DNA is transcribed into mRNA which is translated into a polypeptide.
DNA is replicated. The replicated DNA is transcribed into mRNA and the mRNA is translated into a protein.
What does #1 represent?
DNA
tRNA
protein
mRNA
The monomer of proteins
polypeptide
nucleotide
peptide
amino acid
A codon is
a sequence of 3 bases found on mRNA
a sequence of 3 bases found on tRNA
a sequence of 3 bases found on DNA
3 nucleotides on tRNA and mRNA
how many codons code for 1 amino acid?
1
2
3
4
A gene is (choose all that apply)
a section of DNA that gives instructions for making a protein
found on chromosomes
made up of chromosomes
made up of nucleotides
What type of bonds connect amino acids?
covalent
peptide
ionic
hydrogen
What does #4 represent?
codons
amino acid
anticodon
mRNA
This section of mRNA is edited out
intron
exon
TATA box
poly-A tail
This section of mRNA is expressed
intron
poly-a tail
exon
5' cap
What is the complementary strand of DNA to the one below?
5' CAGTGCTGA 3'
5' GUCACGACU 3'
5' GTCACGACT 3'
3' GUCACGACU 5'
3' GTCACGACT 5'
Which enzyme unzips DNA during replication?
RNA polymerase
DNA polymerase
Helicase
Primase
DNA polymerase is responsible for (CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY)
proofreading DNA strands
pairing new DNA bases during transcription
pairing new DNA bases during replication
pairing mRNA bases for transcription
Which of the following represents semi-conservative? CHOOSE ALL CORRECT
each newly synthesize DNA molecule is made of one original strand and one new strand
Ligase
glues okazaki fragments together on the leading strand
glues okazaki fragments together on the lagging strand
adds RNA primers so replication can begin
proofreads the new strand
Which is the first step?
DNA Helicase unwinds original DNA strand
RNA Primase lays down RNA primer for new nucleotide bases.
DNA polymerase builds new strands by bring in new nucleotide bases.
Ligase knits together fragments on lagging strand
Which is the second step?
DNA Helicase unwinds original DNA strand
RNA Primase lays down RNA primer for new nucleotide bases.
DNA polymerase builds new strands by bring in new nucleotide bases.
Ligase knits together fragments on lagging strand
Which is the third step?
DNA Helicase unwinds original DNA strand
RNA Primase lays down RNA primer for new nucleotide bases.
DNA polymerase builds new strands by bring in new nucleotide bases.
Ligase knits together fragments on lagging strand
Which is the fourth step?
DNA Helicase unwinds original DNA strand
RNA Primase lays down RNA primer for new nucleotide bases.
DNA polymerase builds new strands by bring in new nucleotide bases.
Ligase knits together fragments on lagging strand
The directionality of DNA is said to be ___________, because it is side by side by goes in opposite directions.
Anti-directional
Parallel
Anti-parallel
Anti-uniform
direction new nucleotides are synthesized on the new strand
5' to 3' (new nucleotides added to the 3' end)
3' to 5' (new nucleotides added to the 5' end)
3' to 5' (new nucleotides added to the 3' end)
5' to 3' (new nucleotides added to the 5' end)
Lagging strand is the :
Continuous strand
Parental strand
New strand
Discontinuous strand
