The act of forgiving people who broke the law

laws passed during Reconstruction that severely limited the freedom of African Americans

separation of races in public places

the period after the Civil War to reunite the nation and rebuild the South without slavery. Lasted from 1865-1877

black leader during Jim Crow Era who believed vocational education was the best way to achieve racial equality. Founded Tuskegee Institute.

black leader during Jim Crow Era who believed academic education was the best way to achieve racial equality. Founded NAACP.

set up by Congress after the Civil War to help poor Southerners of all races. Helped build public schools, find jobs, resolve disputes

What amendment gives US citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the US and guarantees equal protection of the law (excluded American Indians)

What amendment ended slavery in all states and territories except as a punishment for criminal activity.

What amendment gives all male US citizens the right to vote, regardless of race

US President during Civil War. Wanted to reunite the nation without punishing the south

US President after Lincoln’s assassination. Took over Reconstruction, but was not well-liked by Congress. Impeached but not removed from office.

northern-born Republicans that came south after the war to make money.

southern farmers who supported the North during the war and the Republicans during Reconstruction.

an agreement that made Rutherford B. Hayes president if he pulled Northern troops out of the South and ended Reconstruction.

the method used to keep black people from voting by requiring them to pay a fee before they could vote

Supreme Court decision that stated “separate but equal” was constitutional (1896)

Supreme Court decision that reversed Plessy v. Ferguson (1954)

method used to keep black and poor white people from voting by requiring them to prove they could read and write

poor and uneducated black and white people who rented land from the farm owners in exchange for a share of the crop profits.

abolitionist that fought for the right of African Americans to vote.

the first African American senator.