Outlines state responsibilities in federalism (full faith & credit; guarantees privileges & immunities; provides extradition; etc.)

"The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people."

Provides that all people born in the U.S. are citizens; placed limits on state actions

Gave African Americans the right to vote

Distinct separation between state and federal governments ("layered cake")

State and federal governments work together to enforce policies ("marble cake")

The requirement that officials in one state return a criminal to the state where the crime was committed

Prevents states from discriminating against people from out of state

A couple married in one state are considered married in all other states

A doctrine that ensures that states cannot create laws that take away from the Constitutional rights of citizens (part of the 14th Amendment)

Areas where national and state authority overlap

Gives Congress the authority to legislate as necessary for carrying out its powers

Powers given to the states

"This Constitution, and the laws of the United States...shall be the supreme Law of the Land"

A system where power is divided between the national and state governments

Gives Congress the power to regulated trade between states/nations

Laws that the national government ALONE may enforce

Powers specifically granted to the federal government

The subnational governments (i.e. states) have more power than the national government

One central government exercises authority over the subnational government (i.e. states)

The federal government's use of grants-in-aid to influence policies in the states

Grants-in-aid provided to states with specific stipulations on what the money can be used for

Type of grant that gives states more control over how the money is distributed

Money provided to states by the national government to implement public policies

Federal rules attached to the grants that states receive

Programs required by the government, without giving any sort of financial aid

The federal government gives money to the states, no strings attached

The act of returning more authority to state or local governments

How much power do we give the Commerce clause?

A law that defined EPA's responsibilities for protecting and improving America's air quality

States cannot be more powerful than the national government (i.e. with a national bank)

A civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities