WorksheetsUnit 7 Test Review- Evolution
Total questions: 25
Worksheet time: 25mins
A population of trees has various heights. Shorter trees have leaves and flowers that are within reach for herbivores to eat.
The adaptation that allows the trees to grow taller would be an example of natural selection if it helps them ―
increase the number of mutations in their DNA
increase the lifespan of each individual tree
increase the chances of surviving to produce offspring
increase the odds of producing genes for short trees
Which of these factors should be compared to best determine how closely species are related to each other?
Number of genes
Sequence of amino acids
Location of chromosomes
Physical similarities in body structure
Monarch butterflies are a type of Milkweed butterfly that belongs to the family Nymphalidae. Many butterflies, including Monarchs, eat plants that have bitter or poisonous juices, which make them taste bad to their predators. The organisms advertise their bad taste with their bright colored wings, something known as "warning coloration". Based on this information, how has adaptation allowed monarch butterflies to be successful?
They can fly fast enough to avoid predators and can spend more time sleeping.
They have an easier time attracting good mates and can make more offspring.
They are not attacked by predators and can reproduce successfully.
They can camouflage into their environment and can live longer.
Students are provided with labeled diagrams of forlimb structures for three organisms with homologous structures.
Which structures in Figures 2 and 3 are homologous to C in Figure 1?
Figure 2 – T
Figure 3 – M
Figure 2 – V
Figure 3 – O
Figure 2 – W Figure 3 – N
Figure 2 – U
Figure 3 – P
Darwin noticed that finches in the Galapagos Islands all had similar appearances, yet had some subtle differences. Examples of the differences were coloration, beak size, and other similar adaptations.
Which of the following would be reasons for these adaptations?
Mating and living in different latitudes
Gathering water and living in different temperatures
Mating and food source
Food source and living in different temperatures
The three illustrations show anatomical structures of three different organisms.
Based on your understanding of anatomical homologies, which organisms most likely have a recent common ancestor?
1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
None of the organisms have a common ancestor
What conclusion can be drawn from the following statements regarding adaptation of organisms?
1. Variation exists among individuals in a population.
2. Genes are passed from one generation to the next.
3. Speciation occurs when variation occurs over time in geographic isolation.
Organisms adapt to changes in the environment on an individual basis.
Adaptation leads to change in a species
Variation is caused by a single factor.
Species only adapt when they make the decision to adapt.
Horses belong to an order of organisms called Perissodactyla, or odd-toed ungulates. The distinguishing characteristic of odd-toed ungulates is that their third, or middle toe, is the largest, while the other four toes are reduced or absent. Based on this information, which organism shares the most recent common ancestor with the modern horse and would also be classified as Perissodactyla?
Cow
Tapir
Dog
Pig
Salmon live part of their lives in saltwater and part in freshwater. Salmon eggs hatch in a freshwater stream, and the young fish remain there for several months to a year before migrating to the ocean. During the migration, salmon face many dangers, including predators and harsh river conditions. When they are ready to reproduce, the salmon must travel back upstream from the ocean to freshwater to lay their eggs. Females lay anywhere from 1,000 to 17,000 eggs and bury the eggs in the gravel at the bottom of the stream. What is the advantage of salmon laying so many eggs?
Having a large number of offspring encourages competition for finite resources.
Having a large number of offspring promotes the chance of favorable mutations.
Having a large number of offspring allows for more gene flow between populations.
Having a large number of offspring increases the chances that some will survive.
A map of an area of the world with a key showing geographic features is labeled with several numbers. The numbers represent populations of species that all have common ancestry with each other.
Based on the geographical features, which two species are likely to have the most recent common ancestor?
1 and 2
2 and 3
3 and 4
4 and 5
The table below gives descriptions of three female mice that live in a beach area. The beach is mostly tan sand with scattered plants. Mutations in DNA have led to the development of three different phenotypes of the beach mice.
According to the data, which mouse would likely have the greatest reproductive success?
Mouse 1
Mouse 2
Mouse 3
All of the mice would have equal amounts of reproductive success.
How can evolutionary relationships among organisms be determined by comparing embryonic development?
Embryos retrace their ancestral stages during embryonic development.
Embryos of more closely related organisms show greater similarities in development.
Embryos that develop inside eggs lack similarities to placental mammals.
Both fish and humans have a two chambered heart in an early stage of development.
Which of the following best explains why a finite supply of environmental resources is important to differential reproductive success?
Limited resources create selection pressures for survival on the population.
Variations within a population allow for differential reproductive success.
Some members of a population survive competition but never reproduce.
Natural selection does not occur when the environment limits the supply of resources.
Looking through the fossil record, there are times when numerous fossils look to just appear all at the same time, with similar characteristics. What is a good explanation for this?
A change in the environment occurred, and animals choose to express different traits.
New species are always occurring, and there is no reason for it.
Ancient man killed off all the animals, and they raised new animals, which are then found in the fossil record.
A change in the environment caused different genetic traits to allow for a greater chance of survival.
Which of the following is an example of a heritable characteristic possessed by an animal that will improve its reproductive potential and survivability in its environment?
Position of geese flying in V formation
Color and shape camouflage of preying mantis
Use of tools by chimpanzees learned through experience
Male dominance in a pack of wolves
What is the best explanation of the pattern of evolution displayed in the cladogram?
B. solidus was well-adapted to its environment. A change in the environment caused the sudden appearance of B. dotus and B. stripus. After the change, all three species of butterfly were welladapted to the new environment.
B. solidus was not well-adapted to its environment. Over time, B. solidus gradually developed into B. dotus and B. stripus. The B. solidus butterflies slowly died out.
B. dotus and B. stripus butterflies hybridized, resulting in a new species of butterflies, the B. solidus. All three species of butterfly are welladapted to their environment.
B. solidus was well-adapted to its environment. Humans introduced two nonnative species of butterflies to the area, B. dotus and B. stripus. The nonnative butterflies were well-adapted and survived better than B. solidus.
The ability of an organism to compete successfully for environmental resources, survive predation, resist disease, and live to adulthood affects the organism’s —
reproductive success
genetic variability
genetic potential
genetic code
Geologists discovered a large trilobite fossil collection near the Pecos River. The first group of fossils were found in the mountains west of the river and contained several complete fossils that the geologists labeled "Species A". The second group of fossils were found along the eastern banks of the river and contained several complete fossils that geologists labeled "Species B".
What hypothesis is best supported by the fossils found near the Pecos River?
Species A and B were direct competitors for food. Species A was more successful, causing the extinction of Species B.
Species A and B were direct competitors for food. Species B was more successful, causing the extinction of Species A.
A change occurred in the environment. Species A was not well adapted to the new environmental conditions, while Species B was well adapted to the new environmental conditions.
A change occurred in the environment. Species B was not well adapted to the new environmental conditions, while Species A was well adapted to the new environmental conditions.
Scientists graphed the changes in oyster shell color over time.
What explanation best fits the data found in the graph?
Light-colored oysters have a hard time opening their shells to get needed nutrients and oxygen. Over time, the oysters with light-colored shells evolved to have dark-colored shells so that they would be able to get the resources they need to survive.
Oysters with light-colored shells could blend into the rocks in the shallows of a river, while the dark-colored oysters would blend into the shadows. This camouflage allowed the light and dark-colored oysters to survive and pass on their traits, while the intermediate colored oysters become prey.
Light and dark-colored oysters are much smaller than oysters with the intermediate shell color. This makes them more likely to be eaten by predators before they can reproduce. Over time, the light and dark-colored shells became less common while the intermediate shell color became more common.
Oysters with light and dark-colored shells are better at blending in with their surroundings, so individual oysters with an intermediate shell color began expressing either light-colored or dark-colored genes so they could hide from predators.
Antibiotics have been used to treat bacterial infections since the 1940s. In recent years, many antibiotics have become less effective as resistance to these treatments rises. Which statement below best describes how bacterial resistance to antibiotics demonstrates natural selection?
The bacteria are able to mutate when they are exposed to antibiotics, allowing the next generation of bacteria cells to have immunity from the antibiotics.
The antibiotics are becoming weaker because it is harder to find sources for the chemicals that are used in their production.
The human immune system has become desensitized to the chemicals in antibiotics, which causes the antibiotics to be less effective.
The bacteria cells that are able to survive the antibiotics reproduce while weaker bacteria die, causing the bacteria population to have more antibiotic-resistant individuals over time.
The rock pocket mouse is found mainly in rocky areas of the deserts of the southwestern United States. Most of these mice have light brown fur that allows them to blend in with the desert rocks where they live. However, there is an area of New Mexico with black rock left over from old volcanic eruptions. Scientists discovered that many of the rock pocket mice living on the black volcanic rock have dark fur. What is the best explanation for this phenomenon?
The dark colored mice survived and passed on their genes to their offspring so that, over time, the population became mostly dark colored.
The light colored mice began expressing the dark fur gene in order to camouflage themselves from predators.
The dark colored mice were stronger than the light colored mice and were, therefore, able to fight off predators.
The light colored mice all experienced the same mutation, which caused them to start producing more melanin and turned their fur a darker color.
Which of the following described the cause of natural selection?
Individuals within the population acquire traits to adapt to the environment.
Some members of the population have greater reproductive success than others.
Disasters, like fires and floods, kill all members of a population in an area.
Members of a population compete for limited resources in their environment.
Fossil records indicate that the size of European black bears increased in the time between ice ages. What would the natural selection graph for black bear size during the periods between ice ages look like?
During Darwin’s travels to the Galapagos Islands, he discovered several different species of finches, each with a distinctive beak type.
What is the best explanation for the different types of beaks in the finches?
Each species of finch was brought to the islands by explorers over the course of several decades.
The finches are capable of adjusting their beak type depending on what predators are hunting them.
The type of beak on each individual finch depends on what mutations that finch receives during reproduction.
Natural selection caused each species of finch to have the type of beak best suited for survival in its environment.
Before the industrial revolution, peppered moths were mostly light-colored, which allowed them to blend into the light-colored bark found on many trees in the area. This camouflage was a survival advantage for the moths. Pollution and soot produced during the industrial revolution turned the tree bark a dark color. This change in the moths' environment led to a decline in light-colored moths and an increase in dark-colored moths.
This form of natural selection is known as ―
stabilizing selection because extreme forms of the trait are eliminated
directional selection because one extreme trait is favored over the other
disruptive selection because extreme forms of the trait are seen more often
extinction because pollution causes moths with any trait to die out
