This ruling gave a school district had the constitutional authority to limit a student’s (Frasier) speech because of the educational authority that is given to schools by the tenth amendment.

This ruling said that people of African descent, whether or not they were slaves, could never be citizens of the United States, and that Congress had no authority to prohibit slavery in federal territories.

This ruling determined that it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and require its recitation in public schools, even when it is non-denominational and students may excuse themselves from participation.

This ruling held that criminal suspects have a right to

counsel during police interrogations. indigent criminal defendants had a right to be provided counsel at trial.

This ruling ruled on the requirement for a degree of consistency in the application of the death penalty. The Court consolidated Jackson v. Georgia and Branch v.

Texas with the Furman decision, and thus also invalidated the death penalty for rape

This ruling held that the power to regulate interstate navigation was reserved to Congress by the Commerce Clause of the Constitution.

This ruling reaffirmed the Supreme Court's commitment to the continued use of the death penalty in the United States

This ruling held that public school curricular student newspapers that have not been established as forums for student expression are subject to a lower level of First Amendment protection than independent student expression or newspapers established (by policy or practice) as forums for student expression.

This ruling affirmed the government’s decision regarding the Japanese American Internment during World War II and found that it was not unconstitutional.

This ruling held that evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment protection against "unreasonable searches and seizures" must be excluded from criminal prosecutions in state courts, as well as federal courts.

This landmark ruling held that basis for the exercise of judicial review of Federal statutes by the United States Supreme Court under Article Three of the United States Constitution is legal.

This fundamental case established the following two principles: that the Constitution grants to Congress implied powers for implementing the Constitution's express powers, in order to create a functional national government, and that state action may not impede valid constitutional exercises of power by the Federal government.

This ruling held held that criminal suspects must be informed of their right to consult with an attorney and of their right against self-incrimination prior to questioning by police.

This ruling held that schools can search students with reasonable cause. This case lessens the Tinker doctrine and gives school officials greater latitude in disciplining students

The Supreme Court ruled that the "separate but equal" provision of the Louisiana law was constitutional. The case established this principle of segregation until it was overturned in 1954.

The Court decided that a state supported school could use race as a basis for admission, though it ruled that quotas were illegal. Bakke was admitted.

A constitutional right to an abortion is established, though the court laid down a trimester criteria in determining whether states can impose restrictions

The court declared that "student rights do not stop at the schoolhouse gates." The wearing of black armbands was protected by the Constitution. Students enjoy protection of the Bill of Rights unless their actions materially disrupt the educational environment.

This ruling invalidated prohibitions on desecrating the American flag in force in 48 of the 50 states. Justice William

Brennan wrote for a five-justice majority in holding that the defendant's act of flag burning was protected speech under the first amendment.

No one is above the law...not even the president.

Suspects cannot be questioned (interrogated) until they are informed of their rights (right to remain silent, right to an attorney, etc.)

A person accused of a crime no matter how poor has the right to an attorney during trial. Enforces the 6^th Amendment.

Juveniles are allowed to have “Due Process” rights. (right to a trial, right to an attorney, right to question witnesses, etc.)

Allowed for the censorship (blocking) of materials / stories written in school newspapers.