WorksheetsCWF Sociology midterm review
Total questions: 180
Worksheet time: 2hrs 31mins
Societal changes in the aftermath of the Great Recession suggest that we are moving into an age in which people are more like to do which of these?
Rely on credit more than ever before.
Prefer more do-it-yourself to store- bought products.
Spend their money on more high-end goods and entertainment.
Spend money reluctantly
A researcher studying a local school district realizes its problems are also recurring in the majority of public school districts within the United States. This researcher is connecting ______ to ______ phenomena.
agency; structure
private; public
micro; macro
local; global
Which of the following was of special importance to the founding of Sociology?
The shift from the industrial age to the postindustrial age.
Bureaucracies
The Industrial Revolution
Globalization
The growth of the service sector and white collar work in the mid-20th century gave rise to what age?
the consumer age
the postindustrial age
the information age
the digital age
Traditionally, which of these was the largest unit of analysis in sociology?
Inequalities
Groups
Societies
Dyads
As globalization takes place, what happens to the movement of products and people?
They become more unequal.
They become more fluid.
They become more monitored.
They become more regulated.
What is the term associated with increased negative global flows, such as the black market for human organs or sex trafficking?
Deviant globalization
Hypercapitalism
Terrorism
Anti-globalization
Starting in the 1950s, developed countries with capitalist economies began to shift from _____ to ______.
working class; middle class
manufacturing; providing services
affluence; recession
production; consumption
McDonaldization is a concept that describes which of these?
The process of globalization.
The creation of an unskilled and low-paid underclass of workers.
The way that cultural diffusion happens.
The creation of rational systems that can guide mass production.
Jane works at a company that emphasizes that people should do tasks as quickly and cheaply as possible. Which characteristic of McDonaldization does this exemplify?
Calculability
Control
Predictability
Efficiency
Which if these is associated with the interplay of machines, tools, skill, and procedures for the accomplishment of tasks?
Technology
Globalization
Consumption
McDonaldization
Many people initially believe that when they get laid off from their job, they are experiencing bad luck but soon come to realize that their situation is related to current economic conditions. In making this condition, they are linking their _____troubles to _____issues.
public; private
secret; overt
common; individualistic
private; public
Which analytical approach would a researcher be using if they interview neighborhood residents to gain some insight into experiences of local crime.?
Social construction
Macro
Dangerous giant
Micro
According to Erving Goffman, the Vietnam War protesters would be considered______as they realized their power to create change and affect the entire society.
dangerous giants
the power elite
social constructionists
free riders
Which of these is true of the agency-structure relationship?
It shows that individuals are powerless to make changes.
It shows that agency is a macro phenomenon.
It shows how individual action is both assisted and impaired by social structures.
What is the name for the fact that individuals create social reality through their thoughts and actions?
Social construction of reality
Social structure
Agency-structure relationshop
Micro-macro relationship
Sports teams and governmental hierarchies are examples of ______.
social classes
social structures
social processes
social worlds
Sociology is divided between those that advocate for a_______ approach to social problems and those that advocate for a ______ approach.
pure science; social reform
personal; community
statistical; narrative
public; private
How is sociology different from commonsense understandings of the social world?
Sociology focuses only on questions of scientific relevance.
Sociology is systematic and rigorous; common sense is not .
Sociology is intentional; common sense is not.
Sociology requires sampling large portions of the population.
White collar work, bureaucracies, and the growth of the service sector are associated with the postindustrial age.
True
False
The most important change today is deglobalization.
True
False
In the global age, societies are increasing in importance.
True
False
In the global age, borders between European countries have increased, while borders between countries in other parts of the world have relaxed.
True
False
Globalization's impact has been predominately negative.
True
False
The gender age gap is a private issue because society is not benefiting from the many contributions women could be making.
True
False
Sociology is the systematic study of which of these?
the way people are influenced by mental illness
the way people are affected and affect social structures and processes
the way people interpret and create language
the way people are influenced by history
The process by which people obtain and use goods and services is known as which of these?
consumption
flows
globaliztion
society
The SOCIOLOGICAL IMAGINIATION was written by
Emile Durkheim
Karl Marx
Auguste Comte
C. Wright Mills
The goal of sociologists who see sociology as a pure science is primarily____.
advocacy
social change
knowledge-gathering
myth-busting
McDonadization is the process by which the principle of a fast-food restaurant come to dominate societal sectors.
True
False
Leon's Facebook page is filled with the many expensive and fine foods he purchases when he travels. Which of these concepts does Leon's Facebook page exemplify?
collective conscience
conspicuous leisure
conspicuous consumption
alienation
Students learn many things at school. One of them is to develop skills, such as learning to schedule their time and the significance of deadlines. What type of function would sociologists identify as describing this learning?
dysfunction
manifest function
ideological function
latent function
Which theory sees society as held together by power and coercion?
conflict theory
exchange theory
rational choice theory
structuralism
With which statement would Ralf Dahrendorf agree?
Authority resides in the past, not the present.
Authority resides in positions, not specific individuals.
Authority resides in the societal level, not the individual level.
Authority resides in functions, not structures.
Peter and Mary have been married for several years. Peter has been unhappy for several months and is thinking about initiating a divorce. He decides to make a list of the benefits and costs of the relationship. Peter is using a form of which theory?
structural- functional theory
symbolic interactionist theory
exchange theory
conflict theory
A sociologist who spends an excessive amount of time living in and observing an immigrant community to understand their daily activities would be using which research method?
secondary analysis
interviews
netnography
ethnography
Which of these is a disadvantage of secondary analysis?
A researcher must conduct face-to-face interviews, which are hard to arrange.
It is typically more time-consuming than analyzing one's own data.
A researcher must conduct extensive surveys, which have low response rates.
The data may not fit the researchers needs.
Even though they are scientists, sociologists avoid the scientific method because it has shown to be biased when used with humans.
True
False
The three main areas of ethical concern for sociologists fall under physical and psychological harm to participants, illegal acts of researchers, and deception and violation of participant trust.
True
False
Karl Marx observed that workers produce virtually everything, but get a small portion of reward for it, while the owners do little work and make large rewards off the labor of those who work for them. What is the term for this phenomenon?
alienation
ideology
class consciousness
exploitation
Which term best describes the proletariat's realization that they are being exploited?
collective consciousness
class consciousness
double consciousness
sociological consciousness
Max Weber analyzed capitalism, but his real interest was in the increase of which of these?
suicide
rationalization
alienation
religion
Grog is a hunter in an early hunting and gathering society. Everyone in Grog's tribe does the same kind of basic work: hunting, gathering, and cooking. Which type of solidarity would Emile Durkheim say best fits Grog's tribe?
anomic solidarity
alienated solidarity
mechanical solidarity
organic solidarity
Which of these refers to the sense of "twoness" that arises from being both American and African American?
double awareness
double consciousness
dual conscience
color line
Which theorists focus on underlying structures because they think that what happens below the surface is highly consequential to the shape of society?
structuralists
critical theorists
conflict theorists
rational choice theorists
Which theorists believe that culture has become more important than the economic system?
feminists
structural-functional theorists
queer theorists
critical theorists
Which theory is based on the idea that there are no fixed and stable identities that determine who we are?
interactionist theory
queer theory
conflict theory
structural theory
Nan goes to Las Vegas to visit the Eiffel Tower at the Paris Las Vegas hotel and casino. This is an example of which of these concepts?
pastiche
simulation
exposition
grand narrative
Which of these is the premise of the rational choice theory?
Rewards and costs determine a person's choices.
People act intentionally to achieve goals.
Coercion is the driving force behind all decisions.
Individual choices are only limited by self-generated constraints.
Maria is a researcher who wants to report the average cost of college tuition from the 1950's until present time. Which type of statistics will she use?
historical
inferential
prescriptive
descriptive
Which one of the following is a benefit to unstructured interviews?
The limits on the researchers' reactions to answers yield less biased answers.
The responses can be easily analyzed using quantitative methods.
The questions are asked in the exact same order.
Respondents can cover issues that are meaningful to them.
Experimentation manipulates one or more ______variables to examine their effect on one or more _____ variables.
independent; dependent
dependent; independent
qualitative; quantitative
valid; reliable
John, a sociologist, decides to conduct a research study examining violence in television shows for the past 5 years. This is an example of _____.
a survey
an observational study
content analysis
an experiment
Ethics in research became a central concern at what point in history?
In 1848, when Marx released the COMMUNIST MANIFESTO.
In the late 1960s, when civil rights movements raised awareness on all issues.
Since the French Revolution in 1789.
Following WW II, in response to atrocities committed by the Nazis
Laud Humphrey's research on homosexual activities in men's restrooms became a famous case of ethical controversy in social scientific research. What about Humphrey's research was ethically questionable?
Humphreys told research participants he was a sociologist.
Humphreys asked individuals to participate in his study.
Humphreys used license plate numbers to target their homes and interview the men without disclosing the real subject for his study.
Humphreys was not gay.
Jenny is most interested in spending her paycheck on designer goods and being able to show them off to her friends. Jenny is exemplifying a double consciousness.
True
False
Critical theorists focus on class struggles in a capitalist economy.
True
False
According to rational choice theory, people act INTENTIONALLY to achieve their goals.
True
False
Validity is the degree that a question produces the same results time after time.
True
False
When Trevor's computer stopped working correctly, he called a computer repair technician to fix it. The computer repair technician depends on people like Trevor, who need computers fixed so he can earn a livelihood. What best describes this relationship?
mechanical solidarity
integrated solidarity
structured solidarity
organic solidarity
Alicia has had an excellent driving record for 3 years, so she received a 30% discount on her auto insurance. Discounts on auto insurance are examples of which of the following?
negative sanctions
positive mores
positive sanctions
external sanctions
Joan, a college student, receives an F in her chemistry class because she performed poorly on her exams an missed class on a regular basis. Which of these is exemplified by her grade?
an informal sanction
a positive folkway
a law
a negative sanction
Which of these allow(s) a group of people or society to carry out their collective lives in relative order and harmony?
culture
social norms
technology
evolution
A collection of ideas, values, practices, and material objects that mean a great deal to a group of people is known as ______.
culture
society
community
norms
In the United States today, the aging baby boomers are working much longer than previous generations and this change is revolutionizing many aspects of culture. What type of cultural change is this?
internal change
external change
norm change
value change
Americans' belief in democracy is associated with which of these?
norms
sanctions
values
folkways
Genie texts in class. Which of these has she likely violated?
a more
a folkway
a value
a law
Most Americans say they value democracy, but only 60% voted in the 2016 presidential election. This is an example of which of these?
the difference between ideal and real culture
the difference between mores and folkways
the difference between values and beliefs
the difference between subcultures and countercultures
____ is made up of norms and values that indicate what members of society should believe in and do.
Ideal culture
Real culture
Symbolic culture
Majority culture
Which of these is a dominant ideology in the United States?
poverty
meritocracy
anti-Americanism
intolerance
Which magazine is most likely to feature culture jamming?
People
Adbusters
Time
National Geographic
The imposition of one culture, more or less consciously , on other cultures, is called____.
ethnocentrism
cultural relativism
cultural imperialism
multiculturalism
Online etiquette, or netiquette, tends to be_____.
normative
implicit
explicit
sanctioned
Children are not considered able to make informed choices about consumption and are therefore more susceptible than adults to be _______ by advertisers.
ignored
engaged
valued
exploited
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY Which of these is an example of symbolic culture?
the word "go"
the value of hard work
the belief in the rightness of democracy
an item of clothing
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY Which of these is an example of a subculture in the United States?
members of the LGBTQ community
dog lovers
parents with small children
Muslims
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY Black power and feminism are associated with which of these?
countercultures
identity politics
multiculturalism
assimilation
Cultural change causes cultural collapse.
True
False
Sanctions can be positive or negative.
True
False
The largest group of immigrants to the United States today are from eastern and central Europe.
True
False
Children reared in social isolation are unlikely to fully develop a self-image. According to ____________, that is because they have no one to respond to them.
looking glass self theory
disengagement theory
role-taking theory
labeling theory
Mike, at 10, is a pitcher on the baseball team. He is learning his position as well as learning the duties of the other players on the team. According to George Herbert Mead, Mike is in which of these stages?
The generalized other
The game stage
The self-stage
The play stage
Sophia is at a movie when her phone starts ringing. Aware that this is quite distracting to others around her, she immediately silences her phone. Sophia is responding to which of these?
the generalized other
the game stage
the play stage
the looking glass self
Adam lost his job as a machine operator when his company moved overseas. He returned to school to become an accountant. Which process below describe Adam's experience?
resocialization
anticipatory socialization
primary socialization
acculturation
Julie is a high school teacher. On the same day she is due to give her students their final exam, her two children become sick. She doesn't know if she should stay home with her children or leave them with a sitter, so she can administer the exam. Which of these is Julie experiencing?
status overload
status stress
role conflict
role stress
Steve is a college senior who has five finals scheduled on the same day. He also has practice for the upcoming swim meet and go to work. Steve is experiencing which of these?
role strain
status strain
role overload
status overload
Joan is not sure if she wants to become an engineer, so she decides to take an internrship at a local engineering firm and joins an engineering club at her college. Engineers are Joan's_______.
reference group
ascribed group
primary group
secondary group
To which of these fundamental sociological questions are "feral children" most related to?
micro/macro
cognition/culture
nature/nurture
individual/group
Which theorist is associated with symbolic interactionism?
Sigmund Freud
George Herbert Mead
Max Weber
Robert Merton
According to George Herbert Mead, gestures made by only humans are called______.
interactionism
significant symbols
primary socialization
socialization gestures
Jimmie constantly changes his Facebook profile page to convey that he has an active social life. This shows that _________is/are not only a face-to-face phenomenon, but that it also applies to social networking online.
the back stage
a conversation of gestures
significant symbols
impression management
Many students feel as if the college classroom is their________ stage because they are concerned about how others view them and want to make sure that they correctly answer questions posed by the teacher.
front
back
secondary
primary
When Sue comes home from work, she gets changed and takes off her makeup. Sue is not concerned with her appearance, as she is not going out for the rest of the night. When Sue returns home from work, she is in her _____ stage.
front
back
primary
secondary
Jose's parents speak Spanish only. Jose learns English while attending high school and teaches his parents a little each night. What does Jose's teaching exemplify?
resocialization
anticipatory socialization
reverse socialization
role-taking
What is the term for parenting that rejects binary gender roles?
differential socialization
anti-feminism
gender-neutral childrearing
reverse socialization
Which of the following is true of cyberbullying?
It is more difficult to do than face-to-face bullying
It involves more complications than face-to-face bullying
It generally has roots in the face-to-face world of those who it involves
Boys and girls are equally likely to experience it
Which of these is true of an interaction?
It requires two or more people
It is only a building block of micro-level phenomena
It must take place face-to-face
It cannot involve conflict
Which of the following represents a "superordinate-subordinate" relationship?
a manager and an employee
a soccer player and a soccer fan
students in the same class
singers in a choir
Renee helps Joe with his math homework, and in return, she expects that Joe will help her with her English homework. This is an example of which of these?
resocialization
reciprocity
symbolic interaction
secondary socialization
Which theory focuses on people's everyday practices, especially when interaction is involved?
ethnomethodology
symbolic structuralism
exchange theory
impression management
Robert is a son, friend, father, and teacher. Which do each of these exemplify?
Robert's role making
Robert's backstage
Robert's statuses
Robert's roles
A _____ is a person's position within a social system; a _____ is what is expected of a person in this position.
status; role
role; persona
role; status
persona; role
According to Geog Simmel, a ------ is the most basic of interpersonal relationships.
triad
dyad
couplet
trio
Marie's brothers and father are emotionally close and spend a great deal of time together. To which type of group would they belong?
a secondary group
a primary group
a tertiary group
a reference group
An example of role conflict would be a man who needs to attend a business meeting at the same time his children have a playoff baseball game.
True
False
Which of these is an example of a highly rational organization?
a bureaucracy
a dyad
a community
a group
Both a university and Walmart exemplify which of these?
dyads
organizations
corporations
bureaucracies
According to Max Weber, a(an) _____ is a model in which the degree of rationality is greatly exaggerated.
model type
real type
prototype
ideal type
Max Weber's three different types of authority differ from each other in which of these ways?
by how many people are subject to the authority
by what makes the authority legitimate
by the type of domination the authorites represent
by how peaceful or violent people are when faced with the authority
A U.S. senator exemplifies which type of authority?
charismatic
rational-legal
traditional
domination
The fact that the rationality of a bureaucratic organization is limited by the instabilities and conflicts that exist in most organizations is referred to as which of these?
rational-legal rationality
bounded rationality
technical rationality
charismatic rationality
Which of these best describes PARKINSON'S LAW?
Never underestimate the power of the secretary.
Employees tend to rise to the level of their incompetence.
The more a bureaucracy tries to be efficient, the more forms there are to fill out.
Work expands to fill the available time.
Joan calls a computer company for assistance and is transferred to several people. After she is on the phone for 30 additional minutes, she is disconnected. What has Joan just experienced?
the Peter principle
Parkinson's Law
legal-rational authority
red tape
When a country is ruled by a small group of people at the top who exercise a great deal of power, often illegitimately obtained, it is termed which of these?
informal bureaucracy
oligarchy
capitalist dictatorship
democracy
When a man works in a female -dominated organization, they may find themselves promoted past equally competent, or even more competent, women. What is the term to describe this phenomenon?
glass cage
glass trampoline
glass ceiling
glass escalator
Women face the _____, in which they can't get promoted past a certain level in bureaucratic organizations despite their qualifications.
glass ceiling
glass elevator
glass escalator
glass cage
Janelle and several of her female friends were recently asked to become members of a board of directors of an organization that was in financial trouble. The organization had to declare bankruptcy and all three women found themselves in a precarious position in their professional careers as they dealt with the organizational fallout. Which of these terms may be applicable in this scenario?
glass ceiling
glass escalator
glass cage
glass cliff
Sexual harassment can consist of many types of unwanted sexual attention such as jokes, remarks, sexual advances, but to be illegal, which of these must occur?
It must directly influence someone's pay or promotion.
It must be offensive not just to the victim but to the workplace culture.
It must be recurrent or severe enough to create a hostile workplace.
It must come from a high-ranking man to a low-ranking woman.
Juan fills out his own tax form, printing his postage from home. Which of these terms is best applied to Juan?
producer
bureaucrat
prosumer
employee
Call center work in India is an example of which of these?
informationalism
offshore outsourcing
McDonaldization
downsizing
Donald Trump advocated for the decrease of offshore operations and bringing companies back to the United States. What is this called?
offshore outsourcing
downsizing
backsourcing
McDonaldization
Which of these is a characteristic of a network organization?
authoritarian decision-making
clear boundaries
vertical structure
flexible produciton
People who live in a large city, such as Los Angeles, may feel a sense of being disconnected from each other. Which term characterizes this phenomenon?
gesellschaft society
informationalism
gemeinschaft society
risk society
The Irish are an example of a ______, as they are a large group of people who are linked through a common descent.
nation-state
nation
race
state
Which of these defines the main difference between Microsoft and Linux?
One can be used on any device and the other only works on laptops.
One is only sold in the United States and the other is sold globally.
One is priced for individual use and the other is only for commercial use.
One is proprietary and only people at the company work on it, and the other one is open-source and anyone in the world can contribute to it.
Max Weber created ideal types to model how social phenomena regularly operate.
True
False
A customer service agent more interested in obtaining a customer's Social Security number than helping than helping them resolve an issue can be said to have a BUREAUCRATIC PERSONALITY.
True
False
Max Weber's ideal type bureaucracy included gender discrimination.
True
False
The network organization came into existence during which decade?
1990s
1960s
1970s
1980s
Some of the most important and most obvious barriers to global flows are those constructed by nation-states, but nation-states have been losing control over global flows.
True
False
Which of these is true of current global trends toward normalizing sexuality?
Twenty-five countries punish "deviant" sexual behavior by imprisonment.
Eighty-five countries protect "deviant" sexual behavior by law
No countries punish "deviant" sexual behavior by death
Five countries recognize same-sex unions
Saul is a drug dealer who wants to make quick money. According to strain theory, Saul exemplifies which of these?
an innovator
a ritualist
a conformist
a retreatist
A researcher who studies organized crime and utilizes the interactionist perspective would focus on which of these?
how a person involved in organized crime chooses to display or hide this association across different settings
how elites an non elites are punished differently for participation in organized crime
how large scale societal institutions are affected by organized crime
how organized crime plays an important role in various societies
When it was revealed that a prominent member of the community had cheated on his wife with many women, he was called a variety of names associating him with his affairs and his reputation suffered. This is an example of ....
being labeled according to labeling theory
being irrational according to rational choice theory
being dysfunctional according to functionalism
being socially controlled according to social control theory
Mary has struggled with prescription drug abuse for years. Her coworkers consider her behavior to be extremely disruptive to her work performance and want her to get help. Mary's coworkers are an example of which of these?
labeling agents
deviant agents
strain agents
social control agents
Joseph is at a fraternity party and drinks excessively for the first time in his life. Which of these does his behavior exemplify?
situational
deviance
tertiary deviance
secondary deviance
primary deviance
The acceptability and acceptance of various forms of sexuality exemplifies how deviance is a global flow.
True
False
Many conditions that were once considered deviant have shifted over time to be which of these?
stigmatized
normal
crimes
mental illness based
Which of these is true of tatoos?
They have always been and always will be deviant
They used to be accepted for adults but are now accepted for teens
They used to be illegal but are now stigmatized
They used to be considered deviant but are now commonplace
Which of the following is true of smoking?
It is considered deviant in the United States but normal in China
It is considered normal in the United States but deviant in China
It is a good example of something that has always been and will always be deviant
It is considered the norm but not very healthy
Which of these is true of deviant consumption?
Some consumers of items in the same group may be labeled deviant while others may not (e.g. wrong or right drug users)
Definitions of what constitutes deviant consumption are widely shared
Deviant consumption occurs only in the United States
The poor are more likely to be deviant consumers because they cannot afford consumption
Alphonse studies criminal behavior in gangs, focusing on how each gang member defines their behaviors and how they interact with each other. Alphonse is using ____ theories as the basis of his study.
critical
structural functionist
constructionist
explanatory
Danielle has been working as an administrative assistant at the same company for 30 years. She goes through the motions at her job with little motivation, realizing that she will never get promoted. According the strain theory, Danielle exemplifies which of these?
a retreatist
a ritualist
a conformist
an innovator
The ____ focuses on how deviance is created by the capitalist economic system.
inter/actionist perspective
conflict/critical perspective
functionalist perspective
structural/ functionalist perspective
Harold Garfunkle studied how Agnes, a transgender male-to-female, "passed" as a woman in his classic____ study.
ethnographical
ethnomethodological
sociolinguistic
social control theory
Van moves to a rural town after getting out of prison. He has moved there so that no one will know his identity and what he has done in the past. Van has which of these?
an invisible stigma
a discredited stigma
a criminal stigma
a discreditable stigma
The main point in differential association theory is which of these?
People learn criminal behavior from others.
People only commit crimes when they are not able to access other opportunities
Criminals are genetically predisposed to maladaptive behaviors
People are associated with crime in different ways depending on stigma
Which of these aspects of cross-border drug crime help to account for why efforts to counter it have been unsuccessful?
Law enforcement pays relatively little attention to cross-border drug crime
Drug criminals lack expertise to commit crimes.
Drug crimes are hard to conceal.
Drug criminals do not need many resources.
A crime can be defined as a form of deviance that is negatively sanctioned by law.
True
False
What is considered deviant may vary greatly from one geographic area to another.
True
False
Emile Durkheim believed deviance is necessary because it clarifies shared norms and values.
True
False
Both conflict/critical theorists and structural/functionalists are interested in the role of structure in creating deviance.
True
False
As a group, elites are much less likely to get away with deviance because they are more visible in society.
True
False
Karl Marx is associated with the idea that a stigma can cause a person to be labeled deviant.
True
False
The vast majority of crime in the United States is violent crime.
True
False
World-systems theory divides the world into two parts. The ____ and the ____.
Global north; Global south
colonizers; colonized
Capitalists; noncapitalists
Core; periphery
Mike owns a collection business and sees his employees as servants who should adhere to all his rules. He pays them well below minimum wage. Symbolic interactionists are the theorists who would be most interested in Mike's sense of entitlement and how it impacts wage inequality.
True
False
The World-systems theory focuses on the fact that many peripheral countries are dependent on core countries for basic supplies and financial support, whereas the core exploits these countries for cheap labor.
True
False
Which theorist is credited with identifying the three dimensions of social interaction?
Emile Durkheim
Max Weber
Karl Marx
Erving Goffman
Bill has worked as a Walmart cashier for 5 years and makes $28,000 annually, while Jane has worked as a customer service representative at Target for 4 years, making $32,000 annually. Bill and Jane appear to share which of these?
the same social class
the same economic division
the same social environment
the same social stratum
Which of these is the basis of stratification in the United States and in many other countries?
inherited titles
money economy
symbolic exchanges
the prestige attached to a person's position
Owen makes $25,000 a year. He has just inherited $100,000. Owen owes $25,000 and has $25,000 in savings. How much is Owen's wealth?
$125,000
$100,000
$150,000
$25,000
The income gap between the top 1% of earners in the United States and the bottom 20% of the population has ____ since 1979.
not been recorded
decreased
increased
stayed the same
Why are the wealthy able to maintain their wealth across generations?
They are fiscally conservative.
They are actually unlikely to maintain their wealth across generations because of changing social norms.
They have been able to resist taxation systems aimed at redistributing wealth in society.
They have different values on spending that they pass on to their children.
Which of these is true of middle class decline?
Workers are demanding jobs that pay more, and as a result, are unwilling to work in middle class jobs, which has caused middle class decline.
Most of the middle class were not willing to take government assistance during the Great Recession , which caused middle class decline.
Wages have not kept up with the cost of living and thus have led to middle class decline.
Middle class decline is a myth--the upper class is declining.
Which of these does the chapter text list as a major disadvantage of being in the lower class in the United States?
a shorter life expectancy
limited ability to move up in an occupation
a higher likelihood of being affected by hard economic times
increased likelihood of domestic issues
According to the text, how many percentage of people in the United States were living below the poverty line in 2016?
12.7
22.7
7.7
33.7
Sharon is cashier at a grocery store making $20,000 a year. When the store goes out of business, she takes a job at a department store making $21,000 a year. Which of these is exemplified by her change of position?
horizontal mobility
vertical mobility
structural mobility
occupational mobility
Britain's Prince William and Prince Harry, sons of Prince Charles, were born into royalty and thus gained instant notoriety. This is an example of which characteristic?
achievement
ascription
accomplishment
attainment
Which perspective is mostly likely to focus on what people do within a stratified structure, such as how they present their authority or lack of authority in their body language?
conflict/critical
feminist
inter/actionist
structural/functional
Which income category contains the largest number of countries according to the ranking by the World Bank?
middle-income economies
The World Bank divided countries equally among these categories.
high-income economies
low-income economies
Which of these is true of the global digital divide?
it appears to be decreasing
It appears to be increasing
It has stayed the same for many years and will likely to continue to be very unequal.
It is impossible to predict
Globally, women are likely to participate______in the paid labor force than men and earn____ than men.
less; less
less; more
more; more
more; less
One theory of global stratification by the ____ approach is the modernization theory, which explains unequal economic differences based on cultural and structural difference between countries.
interactionist
conflict/critical
structural/ functionalist
ethnomethodological
High income is always associated with high status and high social power.
True
False
The U.S. tax system is designed to decrease wealth inequality.
True
False
One major reason for the decline of the middle class is the decline of middle-income jobs, often because of technological change.
True
False
A cashier at Walmart who eventually becomes the district regional manager exemplifies horizontal mobility.
True
False
According to structural/functional theory, brain surgeons should earn higher salaries and more lucrative stock options than doctors who work in family practices.
True
False
The majority of countries today are considered "low-income" according to your text.
True
False
