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WorksheetsCotton, Cattle and Railroads
Total questions: 70
Worksheet time: 36mins
Urbanization is..
the process of increasing human settlement in cities
the spatial distribution of where humans inhabit the Earth
the development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale.
This is how cattle were identified. The mark was registered and could only be used by one rancher. This was a legal mark of ownership and the only method of sorting the cattle by the owner when they were rounded up. A hot iron was heated and used to mark the cattle.
lariat
chaps
brand
These animals were valuable for their thick hides which were used to make leather. Leather was used to make clothing, saddles and all sorts of gear. They were also valuable for their tallow, or fat, as well as their meat.
brand
barbed wire
bedroll
cattle industry
This invention allowed fences to be built across the open prairies of West Texas. As land owners began fencing their properties, it became more difficult to drive cattle.
Brand
Barbed Wire
Chaps
Bedroll
These were blankets rolled up and carried for sleeping
Barbed Wire
Chaps
Bedroll
Lariat
These were made with high heels to keep them from slipping through saddle stirrups and as a brace in roping. Soles are usually slick leather to keep them from catching when dismounting.
Bedroll
Lariat
barbed wire
Cowboy Boots
They were leggins worn by cowboys as protection against the brush and weather and usually made of leather.
Chaps
longhorn
Vaquero
Lariat
This item is made with a four to six inch brim, acts as an umbrella in stormy weather, and a shade from the sun in hot weather.
Lariat
Cowboy hat
barbed wire
chap
What is a lariat?
a long rope of braided rawhide. The rope has a loop or eye attached at one end through which the other end runs.
Acts as an umbrella in stormy weather and shade from the sun in hot weather.
Made with high heels to keep them from slipping through saddles stirrups and as a brace in roping.
This is a kerchief or scarf worn at the neck, sometimes elaborately knotted. It is usually large and most often made of silk. It is used for warmth in the winter and protection from the dust in the summer.
Cowboy hat
lariat
Cowboy boots
Wild Rag
This specific breed of cattle in Texas are characterized by their large horns, which can span over 6 feet. Spanish in origin, they adapted to life in the harsh environment of Texas.
Spotted Cattle
Moo Cattle
Longhorn
Red Angus
Subsistence farming is...
the practice of growing enough crops to provide for one's family group.
the practice of growing surplus crops to sell for profit.
the process of increasing human settlement in cities.
What is the Spanish term for a cowboy?
Taquero
Vaquero
Comanchera
What is commercial farming?
the practice of growing enough crops to provide for one's family group.
the practice of growing surplus crops to sell for profit.
the process of increasing human settlement in cities.
What are settlement patterns?
the practice of growing enough crops to provide for one's family group.
the practice of growing surplus crops to sell for profit.
The spatial distribution of where humans inhabit the Earth
True or False: Cotton was a cash crop and became the basis of the Southern economy and helped finance the Confederacy during the Civil War.
True
False
Why was the windmill an important invention?
Because the ground in the Panhandle was rough and difficult to plow.
It helped fertilize and break up the hard soil in West Texas.
The wind generated pumps that pulled ground water to the surface from deep below which helped keep plants from dying in droughts.
Why was there a cotton boom?
Factories in the North needed it to make clothes and other goods and cottonseed was processed into cottonseed oil which was used to cook and make home remedies.
Cotton was the only thing farmers knew how to grow.
Other crops such as wheat and corn were hard to grow.
What factors contributed to the Cotton Bust?
The supply of cotton overtook the demand and after decades too much cotton was grown.
The price of cotton dropped
Natural disasters such as droughts which killed crops.
A beetle called a boll weevil attached the cotton crops by eating the cotton buds and flowers, destroying the crop.
This invention by Eli Whitney increased cotton production in Texas
Cotton smith
Cotton mill
Cotton gin
After the cotton was harvested, where was it sent to?
Factories in the North East.
Plantations
boom towns
The high demand for cotton after the Civil War created a...
Indian War
increase in inventions
Cotton Boom
Cotton Bust
Some of the reasons for the cotton bust include...
The growth of railroads and of windmills
drought and boll weevils
a decrease in the cost of land
Cotton farming was benefited by the inventions of...
railroads and cattle trails
barbed wire and the automobile
windmills and the steel plow
In addition to the cotton fibers, farmers can also sell the...
cotton hulls and cottonseed oil
cotton husks and cotton stalks
cotton milk and cotton greens.
A cotton boom and bust could be described as...
the cycle of growing and selling cotton to factories in the East.
an increase in sales and then a decrease in sales
the impact of steel plow on the land in West Texas.
Why were the railroads important to Texas?
Made it easy to move the cattle quicker to the markets in the East.
Helped the Texas economy grow
It was not important
reduced the costs and improved the times of transporting people and goods
Why did American Indians attack the railroads?
To prevent the westward movement of trains into Indian territory. To keep American settlers from settling in the West and onto tribal territory.
Because they thought it was fun
Because they had nothing else to do
To prevent buffalo hunters from coming out West to hunt the buffalo herds which were the main food supply for American Indians.
What are the 4 cattle trails in Texas?
1) Austin Trail
2) Houston Trail
3) Goodnight-Loving Trail
4) Buffalo Trail
1) Shawnee Trail
2) Western Trail
3) Chisholm Trail
4) Goodnight-Loving Trail
1) Chisholm Trail
2) Western Trail
3) San Antonio Trail
4) Goodmorning-Loving Trail
1) Chisholm Trail
2) Buffalo Trail
3) Cotton Trail
4) Shawnee Trail
How did the Buffalo Soldiers get their name?
From the U.S Army commanders
From American Indians who though their hair resembled that of the buffalo's fur and for their bravery.
It was given to them by the President
It was given to them by buffalo hunters
What role did Quanah Parker have in the Frontier Wars?
He was a scout for the U.S Army who helped the army track down and fight American Indians.
Was the last chief of the Comanche in Texas and joined Satanta and fought against the U.S Army, trying to protect tribal land from settlers and buffalo hunters.
Was a congressman from Texas who helped the U.S Army move American Indians onto reservations
What did the Buffalo Soldiers do?
drove the cattle to markets in cow towns.
They were sent to Washington D.C to protect the president
They maintained garrisons, patrolled the frontier, constructed roads, provided protection for mail trains, and dealt with civilian problems and military duties.
True or False: The Buffalo Soldiers distinguished themselves in military actions against the Cheyenne, Kiowa, Comanche, Apache, Sioux and Arapaho.
True
False
The Medicine Lodge Treaty forced which tribes to reservations?
Southern Cheyenne, Comanche, Sioux and Arapaho
Comanche, Southern Cheyenne, Arapaho and Ute
Arapaho, Kiowa, Southern Cheyenne and Comanche
Kiowa, Comanche, Seminole and Arapaho
What did the Treaty of Medicine Lodge state the U. S. Government would provide on the
reservations?
food and supplies
horses
Clothing and teepees
Based on the Treaty of Medicine Lodge, where were the tribes allowed to hunt as long as the buffalo were there?
South of the Red River
South of the Canadian River
South of the Arkansas River
South of the Nueces River
Who was the last chief of the Comanches in Texas?
Crazy Horse
Sitting Bull
Satanta
Quanah Parker
The first battle of Adobe Walls was an effort by the U.S Army to...
Make peace with the American Indian tribes
stop Comanche and Kiowa raids on the Santa Fe wagon trains.
Force the American Indian tribes to surrender and go to the reservations.
Who was the Kiowa war chief?
Sitting Bull
Crazy Horse
Satanta
Quanah Parker
True or False: The Second Battle of Adobe Walls was a major defeat for the Plains tribes as they were unable to defeat the long range guns used by the U.S army and were forced to retreat.
True
False
What was the goal of the U.S Army during the Red River Wars?
to make peace with the Plains tribes.
to attack and either kill them or drive them onto the reservations
to make every American settler move off of the tribal lands claimed by different Plains tribes.
What led to the end of the culture and
way of life for the Southern Plains tribes in Texas.
The defeat of the Plains tribes at the Battle of Little Bighorn
The defeat of the Plains tribes at The Battle of Adobe Walls
The defeat of the Plains tribes at The Second Battle of Adobe Walls
The defeat of the Plains tribes during the Red River Wars
Fill in the blank: The Chisholm Trail connected Texas _______ to the rest of the nation
historically
industrially
agriculturally
economically
True or False: Ranching and raising beef cattle has been a major industry In Texas for over 300 years
False
True
Who brought the longhorn cattle to Texas in the 1690s?
French
Germans
Americans
Spanish
True or False: During the 1880s fence cutting became a problem as barbed wire fences were cut down to allow cattle or sheep herds access to water and fresh grass.
True
False
What was Texas Fever?
A disease many Texans caught and killed hundreds during the 1870s
a tick infestation carried by the longhorns
On which trail were cattle gathered in South Texas and driven north through Austin, Waco and Dallas, across the Red River through eastern Oklahoma ending at the railheads in St. Louis, St. Joseph and Kansas City in Missouri?
Shawnee Trail
Goodnight-Loving Trail
Western Trail
Chisholm Trail
Which trail went from the Waco area, through Fort Wort, and north to Oklahoma to Abilene, Kansas?
Shawnee Trail
Chisholm Trail
Goodnight-Loving Trail
Western Trail
Which cattle trail went from South Texas to Dodge City, Kansas and from there to Fort Robinson, Nebraska?
Shawnee Trail
Chisholm Trail
Western Trail
Goodnight-Loving Trail
Which cattle trail went from the Hill Country to cross and follow the Pecos River through New Mexico, heading north through Colorado to Wyoming?
Chisholm Trail
Shawnee Trail
Western Trail
Goodnight-Loving Trail
What two inventions helped the population of Texas grow and led to the close of the frontier?
windmills and barbed wire
cattle brands and lariats
the automobile and radio
the printing press and steel
What era is characterized by the economic development of the cotton and cattle industries in Texas, facilitated by the building of railroads?
Mexican National Era
Civil War and Reconstruction
Age of Oil
Cotton, Cattle and Railroads
What was NOT an effect of westward expansion on American Indians?
Battles were fought between Comanche, Apaches, Kiowas and the US Army.
American Indians were forced to live on Reservations in Oklahoma
Their food source, bison/buffalo, became almost extinct due to buffalo hunters.
American Indians became Buffalo Soldiers to protect their land. Battles were fought between Comanche, Apaches, Kiowas and the
Who was the last Chief of the Comanches and a skilled warrior. He eventually surrendered after evading capture by the U.S. cavalry and assimilated to American culture. He influenced other American Indians to do the same.
Satanta
Sitting Bull
Quanah Parker
Crazy Horse
BEFORE the Civil War, longhorn cattle...
did not exist in America.
were roaming freely and mixing with other cattle in Texas.
being hunted to near extinction by the Native Americans.
AFTER the Civil War the price of cattle increased significantly, which attracted ranchers into the business. This resulted in a...
Cattle Bust
Cattle Boom
Because of the cattle boom, long cattle drives began from Texas to Kansas, Colorado, and Missouri creating cattle trails. Which of the following was NOT a famous cattle trail in Texas?
Goodnight-Loving Trail
Sabine Trail
Chisholm Trail
Shawnee Trail
What is a cattle drive?
A factory where cattle are taken to be slaughtered for meat.
Cowboys would walk cattle north to the railroads and load them on a train headed north.
Which of the following was NOT a large ranch in Texas after the Civil War?
XIT Ranch
King Ranch
JA Ranch
Panhandle Ranch
What led the cattle boom to wane by the 1880s?
barbed wire
Cattle were losing weight after walking the long trails.
Kansas enacted laws forbidding Texas cattle to enter the state.
All of the above
What happened in the winter of 1886-1887 that was a final blow to the cattle boom?
The Texas Railroad Commission stopped allowed cattle on trains.
Beef was made illegal.
Harsh weather caused the death of many cattle.
What inventions allowed cattle ranchers to raise livestock in fenced pastures?
barbed wire
windmills
Answers 1 and 2
cotton gin
This organization gave farmers a social setting in which they could get to know each other and share information about crops and livestock. It also pressured leaders to end unfair railroad practices.
The Grange(Patrons of Husbandry)
The Texas Railroad Comission
Farmers Only Society
As Texas Attorney General, and Governor, he worked at reforming big business fighting to protect citizens from unjust businesses practices. He also supported the creation of the Texas Railroad Commission that protected citizens from unfair practices by railroads.
Quanah Parker
James Hogg
Charles Goodnight
Satanta
This was Fencing that prevented cattle and other animals from destroying crops.
windmills
cotton gin
barbed wire
What was the function of the cotton gin?
It removed the seeds from cotton.
It picked cotton off the plant.
It wove cotton into cloth.
It washed the cotton
What are Range wars?
Native Americans would break into farms and steal livestock.
Farmers and ranchers battles between each other by cutting/destroying fences and burning land. This led to gunfights.
Cowboys fought over supplies, horses and cattle.
When _________ were invented, farmers and ranchers were able to water their crops and animals on their own property without having access to a river or aquifer.
cotton gin
barbed wire
windmills
lariats
Due to the growth of the _______________ in Texas, people were able to travel, live, and create new businesses in all areas of Texas, including South and West Texas, and they were able to transport crops and cattle across Texas and the United States.
cities
riverboat industry
cattle industry
railroads
