gene masks other gene's effects

division of the automatic nervous system engaged during a crisis or after dictions requiring fight or flight

spherical sac containing neurotransmitters

brain structure responsible for our sense of balance

part of the brain that plays a role in spatial memory

walking while fully asleep

body's natural pain killers

semicircular canals are?

most frequent score in a data set; a measure of central tendency

is a subtle cue that makes participants aware of what the experimenter expects of find or how participants are expected to behave

action of causing something

part of brain stem that connects the cortex with cerebellum

system of glands and hormones that controls secretion of blood chemical messengers

means of recycling neurotransmitters

part of the nervous system controlling the involuntary actions of our internal organs and glands, which along with the limbio system participates in emotion regulation

going on one's first instinct and reaching decisions quickly based on automatic cognitive process

measure of the variability that consists of the difference between the highest and lowest scores

Improvement resulting from the mere expectation of improvement

unaware of whether one is in the experimental or control group

middle score in a data set (a measure of central tendency)

measure of how Loosely or tightly bunched scores are

the measure of how loosely or tightly bunched scores are

search to design characterized by random assignment of participants to condition the manipulation of an

to which we can generalize findings to real-world settings

phenomenon in which researchers hypothesis is lead them to unintentionally bias the outcome of the study

mathematical methods that allow us to determine whether we can generate findings from our sample to the full population

consistency of measurement

the state of keeping or being kept secret or private

the action of deceiving someone

the compound interpersonal communication process across the organization

master gland that, under the control of the hypothalamus directs the other glands of the body

ability of the nervous system to change

gateway from the sense organs to the primary sensory cortex

the electrical impulse that travels down AXON, triggering the release of neurotransmitters

membrane potential necessary to trigger an action potential

a field that seeks to explain psychological traits to naturally selected adaptations

gene that is expressed only in the absence of a dominant gene

organisms capacity to pass on their genes

an automatic motor response

tendency of research participants to distort their response to question their items

experiment the group of participants that does not receive the manipulation

a statement of series of answers to questions that an individual provides about his or her state

a working definition of what a researcher is measuring

variable that an experimenter measures to see whether the manipulation produces an effect

variable that an experimenter manipulates

demonstration that a given psychological phenomenon can occur

receive sensory stimuli based on their physical characteristics

there is a constant proportional relationship between the jnd and original stimulus intensity

the ability to attend to many sense modalities simultaneously

glial cells wrapped around axons that act as insulators of the neurons signal

informing research participants of what is involved in a study before asking them to participate

analysis of how characteristics run in intact families

analysis of how traits vary in individuals raised apart from their biological relatives

average ; a measure of central rendency

failure to detect stimuli that are in plain sight when our attention is focused elsewhere

time in dark before rods regain maximum light sensitivity

chemical realeased into the bloodstream that influences particular organs and glands

division of the autonomic nervous system that controls rest and digestion

creation of new neurons in the adult brain

the slender thread inside a cell nucleus that carries genes

genetic material composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

perception of a statistical association between two variables where none exists

unpleasant effects of reducing or stopping the consumption of a drug that users had consumed habitually

stimuli that enable us to judge depth using only one eye

the portion of a neuron that receives signals

govern the standards of conduct scientifuc researchers (honesty, values, and justice)

part of the nervous system that conveys information between the central nervous system and the body controlling and coordinating voluntary movement

the large band of fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres (c2ch=cc)

grouping of points on a two-dimensional graph in which each dot represents a single persons data

application of mathematics to describing and analyzing data

the quality or state of doing or producing good : the quality or state of being.

in an experiment, the group of participants that receives the manipulation

the extent to which we can draw cause-and-effect inferences from a study

the research design that examines one person or a small # of people in-depth, often over an extended time period

the measure of variability that takes into account how far each data point is from the mean

ability to tackle complicated issues by evaluating the information you've gathered and organized

process of carrying out research in an objective and controlled fashion

numerical characterizations that describe data

research desing that examines the extent to which two variables are associated

is a statistical measure that expresses the extent to which two variables are linearly related

descriptive summary of a data set through a single value that reflects the center of the data distribution

approach to explaining hypnosis based on people's attitudes beliefs, expectations and responsiveness to waking suggestions

a drug that increases activity in the central nervous system, including heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure

cyclical changes that occur on a roughly 24 hour basis in many biological processes

receptor cells in the retina allowing us to see in low levels of light

theory that dream reflect inputs from brain activation orginating in the pons, which the forebrain then attempts to weave into a story

(BRAIN THEORY)

set of techniques that provides people with suggestions for alterations in their perceptions, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

feelings of unity or oneness with the word, often with the strong spiritual overtones

our sense of equilibrium balance

the process of converting external energy or substance into electrical activity within neurons

perception in which the way we perceive a stimulus doesn't match its physical reality

the brains interpretation

theory that dreams are a meaningful product of our cognitive capacities, which shape what we dream about

detection of physical energy by sense organs, which then send information to the brain

the smallest changes in the intensity of a stimulus that we can detect

disorder characterized by the rapid and often unexpected onset of sleep

a condition in which people experience cross-model sensations

morbidity and aiding recovery after a traumatic event

specialized cell responsible for converting externl stimuli into neural activity for a specific sensory system

electrical charge difference (-60millnots) across the neuronal membrane when the neuron is not being stimulated or inhibited

drug that exerts a sleep-inducing effect

term for the area of the hypothalamus that responsible for controlling our levels of alertness

stages 1 through stage 4 the sleep cycle during rem do not occur snf dreaming is less frequent and vivid

time during which another actions potential is impossible; limits maximal firing rate

part of the nervous system containing brain and spinal cord that controls the mind and behavior

a portion of the neuron that sends signals

a field examines how environmental influences affect the expression of genes

the outermost part of the forebrain responsible for analyzing sensory processing and higher brain functions

neuron that sends messages to other neurons nearby

nerve cell specialized in communication

Cell in the nervous system that plays a role in the formation of myelin and the blood-brain barrier responds to Injury, removes debris, and enhances learning and memory.

analysis of how trials differ in identical versus fraternal twins

state of being unable to move just after falling asleep or right before waking up

the lowest level of a stimulus needed for the nervous system to detect a change 50% of the time

nerves in the body that extend outside the central nervous system

tissue located on top of the kidneys that releases adrenaline and cortisol during states of emotional arousal

a cell originating in embryos having the capacity to differentiate into a more specialized cell

our genetic makeup

gentic material composed of DNA

circular hole through which light enters the eye

the process of selecting one sneosry channel and ignoring or minimizing others

idea that color vison is based on our sensitivity to three primary colors

cell that detects lines and edges

part of the visual field we can't see because of an absence of rods and cones

nerve that travels from the retina to the brain

receptor cells in the retina allowing us to see in color

sense of out consciousness leaving our body

perception of events outside the known channels of sensation

stimuli that enables us to judge depth using both eyes

processing in which a whole is constructed from parts

difficulty falling and or staying asleep

a disorder caused by a blockage of the airway during sleep, resulting in daytime fatigue

our sense of body postion

inability to see some or all colors

theory that we preceive colors in terms of three pairs of oppinet colors either red or green blue or yellow or black or white

ability to judge distance and three dimensional relations

the process by which we percive stimuli consistently across varied conditions

set formed when expectations influence perceptions

conceptually driven processing influenced by beliefs and expectations

expierence of becoming aware that one is dreaming

procedure that ensures every person in a population has an equal chance of being chosen to participate

chemical Messengers specialized for communication from neuron neuron

space between two connecting neuron through which messages are transmitted chemically

location that uniquely recognizes the neurotransmitter

Gap in which neurotransmitters are released from the Axon terminal

percentage of the variability in a trade across individuals that as a result of genes

part of the brain responsible for maintaining a constant internal state

pockets in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid which provide the brain with nutrients and cushion against injury

stage of sleep during which the brain is most active in during which Vivid dreaming this often occurs

watching behavior in real-world settings without trying to manipulate the situation

substance that contains similar to those found naturally in our brains that alter consciousness by changing chemical process in neruons

drug that exerts calming effects

dependence on a drug that occurs when people continue to take it into a blood withdrawal symptoms

therapeutic approach that uses hypnosis to supposedly age regress patience to a previous life identity

activation is greatest when a stimulus is first detected

part of the eye containing transparent cells that focus light on the retina

part of the eye that changes curvature to keep images focused

hanging in the shape of the lens to focus on objects in near or far

remember at the back of the eye responsible for converting light into neural activity

central portion of the retina

sharpness of vision

action in the theft of a drug at the result of repeated use requiring users to consume greater

daritng of the eyes underneath closed eyelinds during sleep

expiercence where one comes close to death but gets resurected

sudden walking episodes characterized by screaming, persprsing and confusion followed by a return to a deep sleep

brain area that plays a key role in arousal

strong feeling of familiarity regarding a new experience

our subjective experience of the world our bodies and our mental pov

hypnosis that there is contunutiy between sleeping and waking expirencnes and that dream can mirror life circumstances