WorksheetsStructure and Fxn of Digestive system
Total questions: 33
Worksheet time: 18mins
Which of the following are functions of the digestive system?
Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food
Prepares food for uptake by the body's cells
Provides body water
Eliminates waste
Gas exchange
True or False
Order of the GI tract: Mouth, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, rectum, anus
True
False
The esophagus is the only part of GI tract with a layer of Serosa or Adventitia.
Serosa means that it is lined by...
visceral peritoneum
connective tissue
parietal peritonium
bubble wrap
The function of the Enteric (intramural) nervous system is to regulate which of the following?
motility reflexes
blood flow
absorption
secretions
immune response
Which of the layers of the enteric nervous system is incorrectly matched with its location?
Submucousal (Meissner plexus) - muscularis mucosae
Myenteric (Auerbach plexus) - between inner and outer longitudinal layers of muscularis
Subserosal plexus - beneath serosa
muscularis plexus - above muscularis layers
Digestion begins at what structure?
Mouth - chewing and mixing food with saliva
Small intestine - absorbing nutrients
Stomach - secretes digestive enzymes
Large intestine - absorbs water
Prevention of air into the esophagus during respiration is caused by what structure?
tongue
upper esophageal sphincter (cricopharyngeal muscle)
lower esophageal sphincter (cardiac sphincter)
epiglottis
Which of the following are mechanisms of the oropharyngeal phase of swallowing?
Bolus forced toward pharynx (UES is CLOSED)
Epiglottis slides down preventing entrance to trachea/larynx (UES OPENS)
Soft palate blocks nasal cavity inhibiting respiration
Once food enters esophagus, UES stays OPEN
Which fibers of the enteric nervous system control the digestive system via teh vagus nerve?
Parasympathetic
sympathetic
The sequential waves of smooth muscle contractions that travel down the esophagus and are preceded by receptive waves of relaxation is known as
Vasoconstiction
The fluid wave
Peristalsis
Swallowing
Salivary a-amylase is used to aid the digestion of?
fats
carbs
proteins
Functional areas of the stomach include all of the following except...
Fundus - upper portion
Antrum - lower portion
Body - middle portion
Belly - fat portion
The stomach's blood supply comes from the ______ and is so abundant that nearly ALL arterial vessels must be occluded before ischemic changes occur
Celiac artery
Hepatic artery
Gastric artery
Abdominal aorta
What two hormones are produced in the small intestine that work in the stomach to enhance peristaltic contractions?
Gastrin and Motilin
Testosterone and Progesterone
Secretin and Grehlin
Leptin and Glucagon
Gastric mixing (chyme) is enhanced by _____ where the food is forced back to the body of the stomach due to increased velocity of peristaltic waves near the pylorus
Retroperitoneum
Retropulsion
Retroversion
Retrospection
Which of the following can decrease gastric emptying?
Cholecystokinin
Hyperglycemia
Solids, fats and nonisotonic solutions from tube feeding
Laxatives
Parietal cells secrete all of the following except
HCl - converts pepsinogen -> pepsin
Intrinsic Factor - absorption of B12
Gastroferrin - small intestine absorption of Fe
Pepsin - breaks down proteins
Pepsin breaks peptide bonds to aid in digestion and is strongly stimulated by which of the following
Acetylcholine
Cholinergic stimulation
Parasympathetic stimulation
Dopamine
Which of the 4 is not a phase of gastric secretion
Cephalic phase
Gastric phase
Intestinal phase
Duodenal phase
The structure of the intestinal wall of the small intestines is designed to _____
increase functional surface area
increase functional length
increase chemical enzymatic activity
increase ur mom
Which of the following are structures of the small intestine
Lamina Propia - contains lymphocytes
Central Arterioles - provides perfusion
Lacteals - absorb fat molecules
Venous arterioles - Provide blood supply
The Crypts of Liberkuhn that lie between the base of the villi contain all of the following except
Stem cells
Secretory cells
Paneth cells
Lacteals
Carbohydrates are primarily absorbed where?
ileum and lower jejunum
duodenum and upper jejunum
stomach and esophagus
sigmoid and duodenum
Which of the following play a role in intestinal digestion proteins?
Trypsin
Chymotrypsin
Carboxypeptidase
True or False
The order of fat digestion:
1. Emulsification in small intestine
2. Pancreatic lipase breaks down fat
3. Micelle delivers small components to microvillus and passively diffuse across
4. after absorption, triglycerides are reformed in epithelium
5. Fats absorbed into lacteals as chylomicrons
True
False
Kinda true
Localized rhythmic contractions of circular smooth muscles that divides and mixes chyme; also propels chyme toward large intestine
Retropulsion
Segmentation
Peristalsis
Swallowing
Which small intestine receptor is responsible for stimulating an increase in ileal motility and relaxation of the ileocecal sphincter to empty the ileum and prepare it to receive more chyme?
ileointestinal
Gastroileal
intestinointestinal
ileogastric
The main function of the large intestine is to...
Break down vitamins and minerals
Absorb water and electrolytes
Absorb nutrients
Make fecal matter
The circular muscles of the colon to separate the gathers into outpouchings
Haustra
Taenia Coli
Colonic Strictures
What causes fecal mass to pass rapidly to sigmoid colon and rectum stimulating defecation; usually during eating or immediately after eating
Epinephrine release
Gastrocolic reflex
Micturition reflex
booty slaps
Mass that enters the sigmoid colon is considered
poop
Feces
food baby
shat
The urge to defecate is caused by the rectal wall stretching and the tonically constricted internal sphincter relaxing. This can be voluntarily overridden, and is due to what reflex?
Cat-like reflex
Defecation Reflex (Retrosphincteric reflex)
Cremasteric reflex
Gastrocolic reflex
Intestinal bacteria numbers _____ from the stomach to distal colon
decrease
increase
