Potter’s wheel is used in Pottery making and evolved to be used to move heavy objects;

Sailboat used to transport people and goods faster.

Important discoveries in mathematics, physics and trigonometry; use fractions, which they used to build weapons, measure farming lands for uniform tax computations.

They develop the study of astronomy and along with astrology used mathematical models to track the planet Jupiter and developed methods of tracking time and rotation of the Earth; develop calendars and make prediction.

Law Code of Hammurabi is well known for its "eye for an eye" style of lawmaking, which defines the rules and relationship between Hammurabi, the gods and the people he ruled.

Hanging Gardens, a wonder of the ancient world, which some believe was built by the biblical king Nebuchadnezzar II.

Developed the first-known map, engraved on clay tablets. It showed trade routes and was used as a guide during military campaigns, hunting, and exploration

The system of counting was sexagesimal (based on sixty). The number 60 was chosen as the dividing factor as it was divisible by 6. The Babylonians estimated that the earth moved around the sun one degree in a day and took 360 days to complete one revolution.

Created the oldest wheels were made of clay, rock, and mud, with wooden wheels coming much later on which helped start the industrial revolution.

 Ziggurats. Gigantic temple stone structures built of much smaller than the massive pyramids. They are made up of

sun - baked mud bricks.

Royal Library of Alexandria is the center of learning and contains all known information about the outside world. It contained more than a million papyrus scrolls on the subjects of literature, history, law, mathematics, and science.

Simple handheld mirror. They value their self-image and personal hygiene and appearance.

Use of wig as protection from the heat of the sun.

Eye paint for makeup. Aside for beauty, the dark lines around the eyes helped protect them from glares of the sun by absorbing the light -- similar to why today's football players put black smudges under their eyes during play to be able to see the ball in midair.

Papermaking: They used the stem of the papyrus plant to make paper, sails, cloth. was later adopted by the Greeks, and was used extensively in the Roman Empire. Other writing materials also include stones and wood.

Perfume and soap making

Toothpaste was made of rock salt, mint, dried iris petals, and pepper.

Use of jewelry as protection from disasters, accidents and diseases

Developed Hieroglyphs as their oldest form of writing, dating from around 3300 BC.  

Mummification was used to preserve bodies from decomposing after death with the belief that there is life after death.

Algebra- theory of equations was invented by Diophantus and known as the father of algebra. He also wrote the Greek text on mathematics called Arithmetica

Developed the first democracy in the world in 6th century BC in Athens. It is a system of government where the leaders are selected by election.

Olympics

The first record of the Olympics was held in big and wide plains of Olympia in 776 B.C. Winners were given olive leaf wreaths or crowns as a prize. In 1896 Pierre de Coubert in after been extensively inspired by the ancient Olympics started the modern Olympics.

Archimedes Screw was invented by scientist Archimedes. It is made up of a screw inside a cylinder.

Socrates main contribution to Western philosophy is his method of inquiry that was called after him Socratic method.

According to him, a statement can be considered true only if it cannot be proved wrong. He is the teacher of Plato, who eventually taught Aristotle , the tutor of Alexander the Great.

He is acclaimed by historians as the father of ancient Greek philosophy. Most of his ideas came from Aristotle, and the first person to have investigated the idea of the origin of matter and why changes occur. He also proposed that water is the basic underlying component of the world Thales is also said to be the founder of the school of natural philosophy, also known as natural science.

He established his first university in Europe, the Academy in Athens in 387 BC, where he focused on science as a method for exploring the real world. Specifically, he was persuaded that geometry was the way to understand the universe

He was regarded as the father of Biology and introduced a method of scientific thinking. He wrote “scala naturae” or Great Chain of Being viewed as one of the first theories in biology. The species form a scale from simple to complex putting animals that laid warm and wet creatures alive as the highest form but evolution is not possible.

He started the science of medicine and is known as the greatest physician of antiquity. He stated that diseases have natural causes and the body has the power to repair itself. His name is always associated with Hippocratic Oath, an oath traditionally taken by newly graduated physicians to observe the ethical standards of their profession, specifically to seek to preserve life.

He is known for his four-element theory of matter. He stated the matter is basically composed of four primary elements – earth, air, fire, and water. This became one of the earliest theories to have been postulated on particle physics. He became the first person to give an evolutionary account on the development of species.

Watermills harnessed water power from rivers using sophisticated systems of wheels and gears and used the energy gained to drive mills for flour production, for saws to cut marble, or as ore crushers in search of precious metals.

They constructed Amphitheatres and circuses which fascinated the people such as the use of mechanical devices to spice up public shows like replicating thunderstorms and use of water organs to create sounds.

They build aqueducts into huge building projects to bring water up to 100 km from its source. They also inverted siphons, stopcocks, settling tanks, aerating cascades, and mesh filters.

Concrete

They developed concrete more superior than modern day concrete and more environment friendly. Analysts discovered that the cement contained volcanic rock called tuff that can withstand chemical decay.

Newspapers

First empire to establish a sophisticated system of circulating written news which it published the Acta Diurna which means: “Daily Events.” It contains handwritten news carved on stone or metal and presented in message boards in public places. The contents usually comprised of political news, trials, military campaigns, executions, major scandals, and other similar subjects.

Surgery Tools and Techniques

They invented surgical tools and techniques that helped developed the fields of medicine and surgery, which were influenced by the ancient Greeks

Roads and Highways

One important reason why this civilization is noted to have a very effective administration of big empire was its construction of one of the most sophisticated systems of roads in ancient times. This helped in expanding its empire, transport of goods, movement of soldiers and vital information.

flying machines/ kites

invented kites made of silk and wood about 3,000 years ago, during the Han dynasty. Kites were used by the military for sending messages and for measuring distances. Eventually, kites became popular for pleasure and sports.

Magnetic compass

Gunpowder and fireworks

Acupuncture