He or she is the head of state, leader of the national government, and Commander-in-Chief of all armed forces of the Philippines.

Lowest political administrative unit of the Philippine government. Together with the municipal and provincial government and it is considered as the fundamental base of the Philippine national government.

Under Spanish rule, they were called _____ who governed 50 to 100 families for the efficient collection of taxes. They were later renamed barrio lieutenants.

Local governments are subordinate levels under a higher authority and they operate within a defined geographic area.

A system of government in which a supreme political power is concentrated in the hands of one person, whose decisions are subject to neither external legal restraints nor regularized mechanisms of popular control.

This section under the Article X of the Local Government calls for the passage of a local government code such as recall, initiative and referendum.

Holds the power to settle controversies involving rights that are legally demandable and enforceable. Interprets the meaning of laws, applies laws to individual cases, and decides if laws violate the Constitution.

Composed of about 250 members elected from legislative districts in the provinces, cities, and municipalities, and representatives elected through a party-list system of registered national, regional, and sectorial parties or organizations.

Serve as advisors to the President. They include the Vice President and the heads of executive departments.