Free Printable Pathophysiology Exam III - ENDOCRINE PANCREAS

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Pathophysiology Exam III - ENDOCRINE PANCREAS

Total questions: 61

Worksheet time: 33mins

Name

Class

Date

1.

Multicellular islets comprise only (1) of the total pancreas

a)

(1) 10%

b)

(1) 1%

c)

(1) 0.1%

d)

(1) 2%

e)

(1) 0.01%

2.

(1) are more highly vascularized than the (2)

a)

(1) islets

(2) exocrine pancreatic tissues

b)

(1) exocrine pancreatic tissues

(2) islets

3.

T/F Only the parasympathetic axons enter the islets and either directly contact cells or terminate in the interstitial space between the cells

a)

True

b)

False

4.

Islets are formed by the following types of cells

a)

Insulin-secreting beta cells

b)

Glucagon-secreting alpha cells

c)

Somatostatin-secreting delta cells

d)

Pancreatic polypeptide [PP] secreting cell

5.

Secrete hormones that counter the effects of insulin

a)

Insulin-secreting beta cells

b)

Glucagon-secreting alpha cells

c)

Somatostatin-secreting delta cells

d)

Pancreatic polypeptide [PP] secreting cell

6.

60% of the cells

a)

Insulin-secreting beta cells

b)

Glucagon-secreting alpha cells

c)

Somatostatin-secreting delta cells

d)

Pancreatic polypeptide [PP] secreting cell

7.

30% of the cells

a)

Insulin-secreting beta cells

b)

Glucagon-secreting alpha cells

c)

Somatostatin-secreting delta cells

d)

Pancreatic polypeptide [PP] secreting cell

8.

30% of the cells

a)

Insulin-secreting beta cells

b)

Glucagon-secreting alpha cells

c)

Somatostatin-secreting delta cells

d)

Pancreatic polypeptide [PP] secreting cell

9.

<1% of the cells

a)

Insulin-secreting beta cells

b)

Glucagon-secreting alpha cells

c)

Somatostatin-secreting delta cells

d)

Pancreatic polypeptide [PP] secreting cell

10.

T/F the endocrine pancreas is composed of islets of langerhans that are distributed throughout the exocrine pancreas

a)

True

b)

False

11.

What is the circulatory half-life of insulin?

a)

3-5 minutes

b)

3-5 hours

c)

5-10 hours

d)

5-10 minutes

e)

30 minutes

12.

Insulin is catabolized by the

a)

Liver

b)

Pancreas

c)

Kidney

d)

Thyroid

e)

Stomach

13.

What percentage of insulin is catabolized on its first pass through the liver?

a)

20%

b)

10%

c)

50%

d)

30%

e)

5%

14.

Insulin is secreted from (1) to the (2)

a)

(1) portal vein

(2) pancreas

b)

(1) pancreas

(2) portal vein

c)

(1) liver

(2) kidney

d)

(1) liver

(2) portal vein

e)

(1) kidney

(2) portal vein

15.

T/F recombinant insulin is used clinically to treat diabetes insipidus

a)

True

b)

False

16.

T/F glucose is the primary physiologic stimulant of insulin release

a)

True

b)

False

17.

Binding to insulin receptors present

a)

Inside of target cells

b)

On the surfaces of target cells

c)

Surrounding the target cells

d)

In muscle and liver cells only

e)

In muscle, liver, and fat cells

18.

Insulin receptor is composed of (1) linked by disulfide bonds

a)

(1) two alpha and two beta subunits

b)

(1) one alpha and one beta subunits

c)

(1) two alpha and one beta subunits

d)

(1) one alpha and two beta subunits

19.

T/F binding of insulin to the extracellular beta subunits activate a tyrosine kinase present in the cytoplasmic domain of the alpha subunit, resulting in autophosphorylation of the alpha subunit

a)

True

b)

False

20.

T/F receptor kinase activation is the critical first step in a cascade of intracellular events that begins with the phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrates

a)

True

b)

False

21.

Insulin promotes fuel storage by stimulating glycogen synthesis and storage in the

a)

Pancreas

b)

Liver

c)

Kidney

d)

Stomach

e)

Small intestine

22.

Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose output by inhibiting (1)

a)

Gluconeogenesis

b)

Glycogenolysis

c)

Both

d)

Neither

23.

Gluconeogenesis

a)

Glucose synthesis

b)

Glucose breakdown

24.

Glycogenolysis

a)

Glycogen synthesis

b)

Glycogen breakdown

25.

T/F insulin inhibits the formation of precursors for fatty acid synthesis

a)

True

b)

False

26.

Which of the following is true of insulin?

a)

Stimulates lipogenesis

b)

Inhibits fatty acid oxidation and the production of ketone antibodies

c)

Inhibits lipogenesis

d)

Stimulates fatty acid oxidation and the production of ketone antibodies

27.

T/F diabetes mellitus is the presence of hyperglycemia

a)

True

b)

False

28.

Diagnostic criteria for diabetes includes fasting plasma glucose of $\ge$

a)

120 mg/dL

b)

125 mg/dL

c)

226 mg/dL

d)

126 mg/dL

e)

124 mg/dL

29.

Diagnostic criteria for diabetes includes random plasma glucose of $\ge$ (1) for classic symptoms of hyperglycemia

a)

100 mg/dL

b)

200 mg/dL

c)

226 mg/dL

d)

126 mg/dL

e)

127 mg/dL

30.

What is the oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT]?

a)

a 4-hour plasma glucose level $\ge$ 200 mg/dL following a standard 85g oral glucose load

b)

a 4-hour plasma glucose level $\ge$ 100 mg/dL following a standard 75g oral glucose load

c)

a 2-hour plasma glucose level $\ge$ 200 mg/dL following a standard 75g oral glucose load

d)

a 2-hour plasma glucose level $\ge$ 100 mg/dL following a standard 75g oral glucose load

31.

Advantages of using A1C for screening

a)

No need to fast

b)

A reflection of glucose over time

c)

High sensitivity

d)

High specificity

32.

Disadvantages of using A1C for screening

a)

Low sensitivity

b)

Low specificity

c)

Fasting required

d)

Unable to show glucose reflection over time

33.

Beta cell destruction, usually leading to absolute insulin defficiency

a)

Type I diabetes mellitus

b)

Type II diabetes mellitus

c)

Gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM]

34.

Examples include autoimmune and idiopathic

a)

Type I diabetes mellitus

b)

Type II diabetes mellitus

c)

Gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM]

35.

Ranges from predominantly insulin resistant with relative insulin deficiency to a predominant secretory defect with insulin resistance

a)

Type I diabetes mellitus

b)

Type II diabetes mellitus

c)

Gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM]

36.

Degree of glucose intolerance occurring or first being recognized during pregnancy, a time when insulin resistance and beta cell hyperplasia occurs normally

a)

Type I diabetes mellitus

b)

Type II diabetes mellitus

c)

Gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM]

37.

Women diagnosed with GDM have a high risk for later developing

a)

Type I diabetes mellitus

b)

Type II diabetes mellitus

c)

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young [MODY]

d)

Drug-induced diabetes mellitus

38.

TF maturity-onset diabetes for the young [MODY] is defined as autosomal dominant mutations of multiple genes

a)

True

b)

False

39.

Genetic defects in insulin action

a)

Type A insulin resistance

b)

Pancreatitis

c)

Cystic fibrosis

d)

Acromegaly

e)

Cushing syndrome

40.

Diseases of the exocrine pancreas

a)

Type A insulin resistance

b)

Pancreatitis

c)

Cystic fibrosis

d)

Acromegaly

e)

Cushing syndrome

41.

Diseases of the endocrine

a)

Pheochromocytoma

b)

Pancreatitis

c)

Cystic fibrosis

d)

Acromegaly

e)

Cushing syndrome

42.

Drug-induced diabetes mellitus

a)

Alpha-interferon

b)

Beta-adrenergic agonists

c)

Diazoxide

d)

Glucorticoids

e)

Nicotinic acid

43.

Somatostatin cells inhibit

a)

Insulin

b)

Glucagon

c)

Both insulin and glucagon

d)

None; it stimulates insulin and glucagon

44.

Insulin cells inhibit

a)

Insulin

b)

Glucagon

c)

Both somatostatin and glucagon

d)

None; it stimulates somatostatin and glucagon

45.

Glucagon cells inhibit

a)

Insulin

b)

Glucagon

c)

Both insulin and somatostatin

d)

None; it stimulates insulin and somatostatin

46.

A chain in insulin

a)

From 1-21

b)

From 1-30

47.

B chain in insulin

a)

From 1-21

b)

From 1-30

48.

If the C-peptide is present, then it is

a)

Insulin

b)

Proinsulin

49.

How do you form insulin?

a)

Cleaving the C-peptide, leaving A chain and B chain

b)

Cleaving the A chain, leaving C-peptide and B chain

c)

Cleaving B chain, leaving C-peptide and A chain

50.

What allows the glucose to enter the beta cell?

a)

Glucokinase

b)

GLUT

c)

GLP-1

d)

ATP

51.

What enhances the regulation of insulin secretion once glucose has entered the cell?

a)

Glucokinase

b)

GLUT

c)

GLP-1

d)

ATP

52.

What is the important product of glycolysis that induces the insulin secretion?

a)

Glucokinase

b)

GLUT

c)

GLP-1

d)

ATP

e)

Pyruvate

53.

The (1) channel is closed during depolarization, while the (2) channel is opened

a)

(1) K+

(2) Ca+

b)

(1) Ca+

(2) K+

c)

Both are incorrect; they both are opened

d)

Both are incorrect; they both are closed

54.

Secondary messenger during the regulation of insulin secretion

a)

K+ channel

b)

Ca+ channel

55.

T/F loss-of-function mutations in GLUT that impair insulin release can lead to early onset of mild diabetes

a)

True

b)

False

56.

Diagnosed in childhood

a)

DM1

b)

DM2

57.

Diagnosed in adulthood

a)

DM1

b)

DM2

58.

Absolute deficiency

a)

DM1

b)

DM2

59.

Impaired secretion

a)

DM1

b)

DM2

60.

DM1

a)

Insulin resistance

b)

No insulin resistance

c)

Obesity

d)

Obesity is not a factor

e)

Autoimmune disease

61.

DM2

a)

Insulin resistance

b)

No insulin resistance

c)

Obesity

d)

Obesity is not a factor

e)

Autoimmune disease

100 %

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