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WorksheetsPractice for exam one med surg
Total questions: 56
Worksheet time: 28mins
What is cancer?
Controlled cell growth
Uncontrolled cell growth
Cell death
Cell repair
Which of the following is NOT a cause of cancer?
Genetics
Cancer treatment
Environmental/toxin exposure
Regular exercise
Which of the following is a process where cells self-destruct when damaged?
Mutation
Apoptosis
Carcinogenesis
Division
Which of the following is a chemical carcinogen that can cause cancer?
UVA and UVB
Arsenic
HIV
Inherited cancer genes
Which of the following is a type of radiation that can cause cancer?
Formaldehyde
Chemotherapy
UVA and UVB
HPV
Which of the following viruses is associated with cancer?
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
Formaldehyde
Chemotherapy
Radiation
Which phase of cancer development involves a mutation in the cell’s genetic structure?
A) Initiation
B) Promotion
C) Progression
Which of the following is NOT listed as a risk factor in the Promotion phase of cancer development?
Obesity
Smoking
Increased tumor growth
Alcohol & drug use
Fill in the blank: The final stage of cancer development is called _________.
Progression
Initiation
Promotion
Regression
Which phase of cancer development is associated with increased tumor growth and possible metastasis?
Progression
Initiation
Promotion
Remission
What does histological grading assess in cancer cells?
The size of the tumor
The severity of cancer cells based on how different they are than normal cells
The location of the tumor
The patient's age
Undifferentiated (poorly differentiated) cancer cells are associated with:
Better prognosis
Worse prognosis
No change in prognosis
Lower risk
Well-differentiated cancer cells are associated with ______ risk.
lower
higher
no
unknown
Stage 0 in clinical staging of cancer refers to:
Tumor growth limited to original area
Cancer in situ
Extensive local and regional spread
Distant metastasis
Which stage in clinical staging of cancer is characterized by distant metastasis?
Stage 0
Stage I
Stage II
Stage IV
Fill in the blank: Stage III in clinical staging of cancer is characterized by ______ local and regional spread.
extensive
minimal
no
limited
Which stage of cancer is characterized by affected lymph nodes and a tumor size between 3 to 5 cm?
Stage 2
Stage 1
Stage 3
Stage 4
In cancer staging, which stage is associated with metastases and a tumor size greater than 7 cm?
Stage 4
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
In Stage 3 cancer, the tumor is larger than 5 cm and lymph nodes are affected.
True
False
Fill in the blank: One way to reduce cancer risk is ________ cessation.
smoking
alcohol
sugar
caffeine
Fill in the blank: Quitting smoking for ________ years can help reduce cancer risk.
15
2
5
25
Which of the following is a warning sign of cancer?
Change in bowel or bladder habits
Headache
Fever
Sneezing
A sore that does not heal can be a warning sign of cancer.
True
False
Fill in the blank: Indigestion or ________ can be a warning sign of cancer.
dysphagia
headache
rash
blurred vision
Which of the following is NOT an imaging technique used in diagnosing cancer?
MRI
Xray
CT
CBC
Which diagnostic method gives the most definitive diagnostic information for cancer?
Imaging
Laboratory Studies
Tissue Biopsy
Fill in the blank: ________ is a laboratory study that checks for CEA, AFP, PSA, and CA-125 in diagnosing cancer.
Tumor markers
Blood glucose test
Liver function test
Urinalysis
Endoscopy is a type of imaging technique used in diagnosing cancer.
True
False
What is one of the options for cancer treatment? Fill in the blank: _________
Targeted Immunotherapy
Antibiotic Therapy
Physical Therapy
Vitamin Supplementation
What is the goal of Palliative in cancer treatment?
Goal is to decrease distress and discomfort from the cancer
Goal is to completely cure the cancer
Goal is to prevent cancer from ever occurring
Goal is to increase the size of the tumor
Which of the following is NOT a method of chemotherapy administration?
Intravenous
Oral medication
Subcutaneous
Inhalation
Topical
Fill in the blank: A partial response to chemotherapy means shrinkage by ________% or more.
30
10
50
70
Which of the following is a type of internal radiation therapy?
External beam radiation
Brachytherapy
Proton beam therapy
Chemotherapy
Which of the following is an example of organ toxicity caused by chemotherapy?
Nephrotoxicity
Pericarditis
Pneumonitis
Cystitis
Which of the following is a side effect of radiation therapy?
Telangiectasia
Pericarditis
Hair loss
Neuropathy
Which of the following is a side effect common to both chemotherapy and radiation therapy?
Cognitive changes
Pneumonitis
Extravasation
Telangiectasia
Which of the following is NOT a side effect of chemotherapy?
Fatigue
Neuropathy
Dry to moist desquamation
Telangiectasia
Fill in the blank: ______ is a side effect of both chemotherapy and radiation that affects the mouth and digestive tract lining.
Mucositis/stomatitis
Alopecia
Leukopenia
Peripheral neuropathy
Fill in the blank: ______ is a side effect of chemotherapy involving the leakage of drugs into surrounding tissue.
Extravasation
Alopecia
Neutropenia
Mucositis
Which of the following is a side effect of both chemotherapy and radiation that involves a decrease in platelets?
Thrombocytopenia
Hepatotoxicity
Telangiectasia
Cognitive changes
Which of the following is a sign or symptom of extravasation?
Warmth
Coldness
Numbness
Itching
What is the immediate intervention for extravasation?
Apply heat
Continue the infusion
Stop the infusion immediately
Elevate the limb
Which of the following is the first stage of dry to wet desquamation?
Skin becomes dry and flaky
Redness/erythema
Weeping, sloughing, pain
Ulceration
During admission of a patient diagnosed with metastatic lung cancer, what should the nurse assess for as a key indicator of clinical depression related to terminal illness?
Frustration
Anorexia
Pain
A patient with terminal cancer tells the nurse, “I know I am going to die pretty soon, perhaps in the next month.” What is the most appropriate response by the nurse?
The nurse is caring for a patient who has been admitted to the hospital while receiving home hospice care. How would the nurse interpret the general prognosis time to live?
A patient has been receiving palliative care for the past several weeks in light of a worsening condition after a series of strokes. The caregiver has rung the call bell, stating that the patient now “stops breathing for a while, then breathes fast and hard, and then stops again.” What should the nurse document that the patient is experiencing?
What are the most important reasons for considering the use of palliative care in patient care management? Select all that apply.
Patients live with multiple chronic diseases several years before dying.
Patients live with debilitating symptoms that interfere with the quality of life.
Palliative care is reserved for those patients who are considered terminally ill.
Palliative care is used to reduce the symptoms associated with chronic disease.
Palliative care is recommended until cures for illnesses are discovered.
End-of-life care is most synonymous with which of the following types of care?
Palliative care
Hospice care
Supportive care
Quality of life
Optimal symptom management is primarily based upon which type of care?
Physician-directed care
Nurse-directed care
Evidence-based practice
Hospice-directed care
Palliative care can be used to promote which of the following items? Select all that apply.
Physical functioning
Reduction in disease exacerbations
Improved quality of life
Discussion on advance directives
Surgical treatment plans versus medical
How should the nurse provide appropriate cultural and spiritual care for the patient and family to best be able to help them when nearing the end of the patient’s life?
Do not insult African Americans by suggesting hospice care.
Assess the individual patient’s wishes.
Assess the beliefs and preferences of the patient and family.
Call a pastor or priest for the family to help them cope.
When the nurse assesses the patient, what manifestation indicates to the nurse that the patient is very near death?
The patient’s skin is mottled and wax-like.
The patient responds to noises.
The heart rate and blood pressure increase.
The patient is reviewing his life with his family.
The nurse is evaluating whether a hospice referral is appropriate for a patient with end-stage liver failure. What is one of the two criteria necessary for admission to a hospice program?
The physician guarantees the patient has less than 6 months to live.
The patient has completed both advance directives and a living will.
The patient wants hospice care and agrees to terminate curative care.
The hospice medical director certifies admission to the program.
A patient near death from metastatic cancer becomes restless and confused. What interventions would be the most appropriate for the nursing management of these symptoms?
Avoid administering pain medication until the patient is calm and alert.
Stay physically close to the patient and use a soothing voice and soft touch.
Turn on the television to provide a distraction and contact the hospital chaplain.
Restrain the patient to prevent injury and ask family and visitors to leave the room.
A patient admitted for pneumonia informs the nurse that no one is to attempt CPR. What is important for the nurse to verify in the medical record related to the patient’s directive?
The living will is signed by the patient and two witnesses.
There is an advance directive related to artificial nutrition and hydration.
The physician has written and signed the DNR order.
The patient’s durable power of attorney agrees with the decision.
