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Stem Cells and Differentiation

Total questions: 52

Worksheet time: 26mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Stem cells are
a)
cells that grow uncontrollably
b)
undifferentiated and can be any type of cell
c)
never go through cell division
d)
only found in embryos
2.
Stem cells can be obtained from
a)
embryos
b)
some adult tissues
c)
umbilical cord blood
d)
all of the above
3.
What does "pluripotent" mean?
a)
able to divide and make many different types of cells
b)
not able to divide
c)
can only divide and make one cell type 
d)
if it divides, it will make a cancerous tumor
4.
What process best explains how muscle cells and nerve cells can develop from the same fertilized egg?
a)
genetic engineering
b)
survival of the fittest
c)
differentiation
d)
selective breeding
5.
Which best explains why muscle cells are different from blood cells?
a)
Muscle cells are produced by the brain, but blood cells are produced by the heart. 
b)
Different genes are activated in muscle cells than in blood cells. 
c)
Muscles cells experience different environmental influences than blood cells. 
d)
A mutation occurs during the development of muscle cells but not in blood cells. 
6.
What is the difference between embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells?
a)
Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into more cell types than adult stem cells
b)
Adult stem cells are pluripotent, just like embryonic stem cells
c)
Adult stem cells can differentiate into more cell types than embryonic stem cells
d)
Adult stem cells grow bigger than embryonic stem cells
7.
This type of cell sends messages throughout the body in the form of electrical impulse.
a)
nerve cell
b)
sperm cell
c)
muscle cell
d)
skin cell
8.
This type of cell carries oxygen throughout the body.
a)
gamete
b)
platelet
c)
white blood cell
d)
red blood cell
9.
Which is true about embryonic stem cells?
a)
They no longer divide, their cell type is set and cannot change.
b)
They can develop into only one type of cell.
c)
They can become any cell type in the body.
d)
They are found in adults.
10.
How do stem cells know what type of cells to differentiate into?
a)
The nucleus has instructions to turn some genes on and some genes off.
b)
Signals from chemicals in the organism or from the environment determine which genes will be turned on and off.
c)
Genes turn on and off randomly.
d)
The cell has unique DNA that determines what the cell will become.
11.
Which type of cell is unspecialized?
a)
skin cell
b)
stem cell
c)
liver cell
d)
muscle cell
12.
This type of cell is found in males and is responsible for reproduction.
a)
sperm cell
b)
egg cell
c)
muscle cell
d)
nerve cell
13.

This type of cell sends messages throughout the body in the form of electrical impuses.

a)

nerves

b)

muscles

c)

cardiac cells

d)

epithelial cells

14.

This type of cell carries oxygen throughout the body.

a)

white blood cells

b)

cardiac muscle tissue

c)

smooth muscle tissue

d)

red blood cells

15.

What is the function of the STOMATA in plants?

a)

Allows water to enter the plant

b)

Provides food to enter the plant

c)

Allows for gas exchange

d)

Site of photosynthesis

16.

What does cell differentiation mean?

a)

Process by which a cell absorbs nutrients.

b)

Process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell.

c)

Process by which a specialized cell becomes a less specialized cell.

d)

Process by which cells enter the cell cycle.

17.
What is cell differentiation?
a)
Process by which cells produce more cells
b)
Process by which cells become specialized
c)
Process by which cells become unspecialized
d)
Process by which cells die
18.
What is one goal of cellular differentiation/specialization?
a)
To create specialized cells to help organism maintain homeostasis.
b)
To many cells.
c)
To make stem cells
d)
to make single celled organisms
19.
what is the role of stem cells in the body 
a)
fight against infection 
b)
provide specialized roles in the body 
c)
used for fertility treatment 
d)
they produce new specialized cells in the body to replace old cells that are used up 
20.
Stem cell research is controversial because in involves?
a)
social issues
b)
ethical issues
c)
educational issues
d)
economical issues
21.
What is the difference between embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells?
a)
Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into more cell types than adult stem cells
b)
Adult stem cells are pluripotent, just like embryonic stem cells
c)
Adult stem cells can differentiate into more cell types than embryonic stem cells
d)
Adult stem cells grow bigger than embryonic stem cells
22.
Why are scientists interested in studying stem cells?
a)
They never die.
b)
They come from the brain stem. 
c)
They can be transplanted into monkeys.
d)
They can become any type of cell.
23.
Which is true about Adult Stem Cells.
a)
They no longer do mitosis, their cell type is set and can not change
b)
They are limited to the type of  cell they can become.
c)
They can become any cell type in the body
d)
They are found in embryos
24.

What is cell differentiation?

a)

The process where unspecialized cells become different in structure and function.

b)

When DNA controls the cell cycle.

c)

The ability of cells to make more cells.

d)

The ability of cells to maintain homeostasis.

25.
Which is true about Embryonic Stem Cells.
a)
They no longer do mitosis, their cell type is set and can not change
b)
They are limited to the type of cell they can become
c)
They can become any cell type in the body
d)
They are found in adults
26.

Cells that have the ability to become any type of specialized cell in the body are called:

a)

cell membranes

b)

stem cells

c)

nerve cells

d)

cardiac cells

27.
Adult stem cells are?
a)
mutlipotent
b)
pluripotent
c)
totipotent
d)
isopotent 
28.
Embryonic stem cells are?
a)
mutlipotent
b)
pluripotent
c)
totipotent
d)
isopotent 
29.
The diagram shows the process of cell specialization from a single stem cell. Which of the following statements is true about the process of specialization.
a)
Specilized cells (blood, skin, nervous etc) cannot be produced from a single stem cell
b)
Specilized cells are produced immediately following fertilization
c)
Even though all the cells in an organism come from one single cell, they can specialize into different cell types
d)
Sincce all the cells in an organism come from one single cell, they must all have the same structure and function
30.

Which type of specialized cell carries oxygen from the lungs all over the body?

a)

red blood cells

b)

squamous (skin) cells

c)

muscle cells

d)

white blood cells (macrophages)

e)

nerve cells (neurons)

31.

Which type of specialized cell keeps moisture in the body and germs out?

a)

red blood cells

b)

squamous (skin) cells

c)

muscle cells

d)

white blood cells (macrophages)

e)

nerve cells (neurons)

32.

Which type of specialized cell has many mitochondria and changes size (contracts)?

a)

red blood cells

b)

squamous (skin) cells

c)

muscle cells

d)

white blood cells (macrophages)

e)

nerve cells (neurons)

33.

Which type of specialized cell protects the body by destroying germs?

a)

red blood cells

b)

squamous (skin) cells

c)

muscle cells

d)

white blood cells (macrophages)

e)

nerve cells (neurons)

34.

Which type of specialized cell carries electrical signals through the body to the brain?

a)

red blood cells

b)

squamous (skin) cells

c)

muscle cells

d)

white blood cells (macrophages)

e)

nerve cells (neurons)

35.

Which type of specialized cell brings water from the roots to the leaves?

a)

xylem

b)

guard cells

c)

epidermis cells

d)

phloem

e)

root hair cells

36.

Which type of specialized cell opens and closes pores (holes) to let things in and out of the leaf?

a)

xylem

b)

guard cells

c)

epidermis cells

d)

phloem

e)

root hair cells

37.

Which type of specialized cell are waxy and waterproof to protect the plant?

a)

xylem

b)

guard cells

c)

epidermis cells

d)

phloem

e)

root hair cells

38.

Which type of specialized cell sends "food" from photosynthesis through the plant?

a)

xylem

b)

guard cells

c)

epidermis cells

d)

phloem

e)

root hair cells

39.

Which type of specialized cell sticks out into the soil, allowing water into the plant?

a)

xylem

b)

guard cells

c)

epidermis cells

d)

phloem

e)

root hair cells

40.

Red blood cells have a disk-shape with a lot of surface area.

a)

This statement describes a STRUCTURE.

b)

This statement describes a FUNCTION.

41.

Which term is an iron-containing protein that makes blood red and holds oxygen?

a)

Neuron

b)

Egg Cell

c)

Hemoglobin

d)

White Blood Cell

42.

What is the function of red blood cells?

a)

Help to digest your food.

b)

Help you breathe.

c)

Provide nutrients to your organs.

d)

Carry oxygen throughout your body.

43.

What does cell differentiation mean?

a)

Process by which a cell absorbs nutrients.

b)

Process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell.

c)

Process by which a specialized cell becomes a less specialized cell.

d)

Process by which cells enter the cell cycle.

44.

Cell differentiation is most directly regulated by...

a)

ATP

b)

DNA

c)

Lipids

d)

Sugars

45.

What is the function of nerve cells?

a)

Allow for gas exchange to happen.

b)

Transport oxygen throughout the body.

c)

Control DNA expression.

d)

Transmit electrical signals to different parts of the body.

46.

What is an unspecialized cell that can become many different types of cells?

a)

stem cell

b)

eukaryotic cell

c)

prokaryotic cell

d)

gamete

47.

Which cell is specialized by having lots of mitochondria for energy and protein fibers for movement?

a)

skin cell

b)

nerve cell

c)

blood cell

d)

muscle cell

48.
This type of cell fights infection.
a)
red blood cell
b)
platelet
c)
white blood cell
d)
antibacterial cell
49.
This type of cell is found in females and is needed for reproduction.
a)
egg cell
b)
sperm cell
c)
fertilization cell
d)
yolk cell
50.

Stem cells are

a)

undifferentiated or unspecialized cells in the body.

b)

differentiated or specialized cells in the body.

c)

only found in the inner mass cells of blastocyst

d)

only found in a fetus

51.
Stem cells can be obtained from _________.
a)
embryos
b)
some adult tissues
c)
umbilical cord blood
d)
all of the above
52.

Why is the use of embryonic stem cells controversial?

a)

The embryos are destroyed in the process of extracting the stem cells.

b)

People consider their use as destroying a life.

c)

They are taken from little kids, which is painful.

d)

They are put into a different person.

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