Language used to discuss/analyse language.

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The study of all human speech sounds.

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The study of a sound system of a specific language.

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The smallest unit of sound in a language.

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Sounds produced without complete closure of the mouth.

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Sounds produced with complete closure or narrowing of the vocal tract.

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A simple vowel that has the same sound throughout its pronunciation.

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A vowel sound produced when the tongue starts in one position and moves during the pronunciation.

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Vowels that are elongated or stretched in their pronunciation.

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The location where airflow is constricted when a consonant sound is produced.

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The way in which airflow is obstructed in the vocal tract when a consonant sound is produced.

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A consonant sound that vibrates the vocal chords when produced.

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The omission of a sound in connected speech.

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A vowel in an unstressed position is reduced to a schwa in connected speech.

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The process of a sound changing pronunciation to become more like a neighbouring sound in connected speech.

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The addition of a sound where it does not strictly belong into the pronunciation of an utterance.

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The degree of strength used to produce a syllable, spoken word or utterance.

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The height of a sound in auditory terms ranging on a scale of 'low' to 'high'.

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The pattern of pitch changes in speech.

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The pace or speed of spoken language.

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The prosodic feature concerned with the level of loudness of an utterance.

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A person who takes part in a dialogue or conversation.

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The study of the structure of words, how words are formed and how words can be classified into parts of speech.

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The study of vocabulary.

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The smallest unit of meaning in language.

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The type of morpheme that can stand alone as a lexeme.

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The type of morpheme that must be an affix because they cannot stand independently as a lexeme.

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Bound morphemes that indicate grammatical information such as verb tense, pluralisation of a noun or possession.

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Bound morphemes that change the meaning of a word, create new words or change the word class of an existing word.

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The semantic base of a word; the type of morpheme that gives the core meaning.

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The process of adding an affix to a word.

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The metalanguage term used to denote the four parts of speech that readily admit new members.

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The metalanguage term used to denote the parts of speech that do not readily admit new members.

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The parts of speech that carry real world meaning in a sentence (nouns, lexical verbs, adjectives and adverbs).

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 The parts of speech that are used to convey grammatical relationships between content words in a sentence.

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The word class that denotes people, places, objects, items, ideas or concepts.

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The word class that functions to define, modify or describe nouns.

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The word class that denotes actions, processes or states of being.

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The word class that describes, modifies or defines verbs, adverbs and adjectives.

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Types of verbs that modify (assist in expressing tense) lexical verbs.

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The closed-class group of auxiliary verbs that express ability, permission, likelihood and obligation.

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The study of the origin of words and the way in which their meanings have changed throughout history.

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The word class that introduces noun phrases and functions as modifiers to the noun; usually to quantify or clarify the noun.

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Short words that can replace nouns and noun phrases in a sentence.

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Function words that show the relationship between nouns or pronouns in a sentence; positioning nouns or pronouns in space or time.

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Words or phrases that express a sudden or strong emotion or feeling.

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The function word class used to connect words, phrases or clauses in a sentence.

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The type of nouns that are always capitalised and denote specific names for people, places or things.

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A person who compiles dictionaries.

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The smallest functional unit of a writing system.

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A collection of words that have a grammatical relationship with each other.

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A phrase consisting of a determiner, adjective(s) and a noun.

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A phrase consisting of a modal verb, auxiliary verb(s) and a lexical verb.

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A phrase beginning with a preposition and ending with a noun phrase (determiner, adjective, noun).

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A prepositional phrase that is post-modifying a noun (describes the noun but comes immediately after it in a sentence).

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A prepositional phrase that can be moved around within a sentence and still retain grammatical sense.

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An element of a sentence (or a simple sentence by itself) that contains a subject and a verb.

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A clause that can stand alone as a sentence.

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A clause that is dependent; cannot stand alone.

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A subordinate clause that begins with a relative pronoun ('who', 'which' or 'that').

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The type of subordinate clause that modify the lexical verb of the main clause.

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A sentence comprised of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction.

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A sentence comprised of a main clause and two or more subordinate clauses.

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A sentence comprised of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction and a subordinate clause.

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An incomplete clause (lacking either a subject or complete predicate but more than a single phrase).

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The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.

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Sentences that function to provide information, observations or statements.

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Sentences that give a direct order, command or instruction.

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Sentences used when framing questions.

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Sentences that function to indicate high levels of feeling or emotion and emphasise what is being said.

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Sentences that omit a subject and begin with a lexical verb (only sometime proceeded by a politeness marker)?

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The noun, noun phrase or pronoun within a sentence that takes the action (completes the lexical verb).

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Whatever is written or said about the subject in a sentence.

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The study of meaning within a language.

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The dictionary definition of a word.

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Associated meanings of word; additional emotional associations or values attached to a word over time.

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The semantic process of a word 'widening' its meaning; it retains its original meaning and gains new ones.

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The process of when a lexeme becomes more specialised or specific in its denotation.

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The process of a word taking on a more positive meaning that it had previously.

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The process of a word taking on a more negative meaning than it once had.

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The process of a word taking on a new meaning AND losing its original meaning.

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A connected series of utterances or sentences.

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The subsystem concerned with the sequence of language when it is longer than a sentence or utterance.

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The name of the notation system used to represent all human speech sounds.

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The number of sounds (phonemes) in the English language.

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The process of defining the spelling, meaning and usage of word formally and adding it to a dictionary or grammar book.

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The conventional spelling system of a language.

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The skill of clear and expressive speech, especially of distinct pronunciation and articulation.

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The modification processes used in continuous casual spoken language that ease pronunciation.

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The type of affix that attaches at the beginning of a root word.

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The type of affix that attaches at the end of a root word.

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Common nouns that denote ideas, concepts or emotions.

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The word 'the' is the...

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The words 'a' and 'an' are...

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The word class that must always start a relative subordinate clause:

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The part of speech that always begins a subordinate clause.

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Types of adjectives that end with the morpheme '-er' denoting 'more'.

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Adjectives that end with the suffix '-est' denoting 'most'.

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The type of conjunctions used to connect like words, like phrases or independent clauses in a sentence.

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