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WorksheetsUS - Era Review thru Reconstruction - 21-22
Total questions: 36
Worksheet time: 36mins
**WHEN DID IT HAPPEN**
European countries sent sailors across the Atlantic Ocean in order to:
* increase wealth
* spread their religion and culture
* expand their empires by claiming territories
Exploration Era
Revolution Era
Constitution Era
Industrialization Era
**WHEN DID IT HAPPEN**
*Spain claimed lands in the new world [modern-day Florida, Texas, and California]
*Spain built missions to spread their religion and culture to local Native Americans
Exploration Era
Reform Era
Constitution Era
Sectionalism Era
**WHEN DID IT HAPPEN**
* France claimed land in the "new world"
* French sailors traveled from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico along the Mississippi River
* France profited from fur trading
Exploration Era
Revolution Era
Age of Jackson
Civil War Era
**WHEN DID IT HAPPEN**
* New England - fishing, lumber, and shipbuilding
* Southern - cash crops, Transatlantic Slave Trade
* Mercantilism - the British controlled trade from America
Colonization Era
Constitution Era
Early Republic
Industrialization Era
**WHEN DID IT HAPPEN**
* Puritans came to New England to escape religious persecution in Britain
* Quakers settled in Pennsylvania [and established the 1st anti-slavery group]
* Catholics settled in Maryland to freely practice their religion
Colonization Era
Early Republic
Industrialization Era
Reform Era
**WHEN DID IT HAPPEN**
Pilgrims in the "new world" practice self-government because of the distance from England. Examples:
* Mayflower Compact
* Virginia House of Burgesses
* Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
Colonization Era
Early Republic
Westward Expansion
Civil War Era
**WHEN DID IT HAPPEN**
* Americans were angry about the Proclamation of 1763 that forbid them from moving west of the Appalachian Mountains
* Americans were angry about unfair taxes Britain imposed without their consent
* Americans were angry about the "Intolerable Acts" that Britain forced on them
Revolution Era
Exploration Era
Early Republic
Age of Jackson
**WHEN DID IT HAPPEN**
Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence and stated that all people were born with the "unalienable rights" of:
*LIfe
*Liberty
*the Pursuit of Happiness
Revolution Era
Exploration Era
Industrialization Era
Sectionalism Era
**WHEN DID IT HAPPEN**
* the war began at Lexington and Concord with the "shot heard 'round the world"
* the Battle of Saratoga was a turning point because the American victory convinced France to help the Americans
* the war ended at Yorktown where Cornwallis was surrounded by General Washington and the French fleet
Revolution Era
Exploration Era
Early Republic
Reform Era
**WHEN DID IT HAPPEN**
* the Articles of Confederation was our first attempt at government in the U.S. but it didn't last long
* under the Articles, the government could declare war and negotiate treaties, but had no power to raise taxes
* the Northwest Ordinance established a process for territories to govern themselves and eventually become states
Constitution Era
Exploration Era
Age of Jackson
Sectionalism Era
**WHEN DID IT HAPPEN**
* The Great Compromise created a bicameral legislature with 2 houses [making small and large states happy]
* the Three-Fifths Compromise determined how slaves would be counted as part of a states' population [for representation and taxation purposes]
Constitution Era
Exploration Era
Industrialization Era
Reform Era
**WHEN DID IT HAPPEN**
* Federalists [like Alexander Hamilton and James Madison] supported the Constitution because they believed it created a more stable government
* Anti-Federalists [like Patrick Henry and George Mason] were against the Constitution because they believed it needed a "Bill of Rights"
Constitution Era
Exploration Era
Age of Jackson
Civil War Era
**WHEN DID IT HAPPEN**
* The new U.S. Constitution provides a system of "Checks and Balances" to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful
* "Responsible Citizens" are expected to stay informed, vote in elections, and serve on juries
Constitution Era
Colonization Era
Industrialization Era
Age of Jackson
**WHEN DID IT HAPPEN**
Important amendments made to the Constitution:
* 1st - freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and right to petition
* 4th - protection from unreasonable search and seizure
* 6th - right of accused people to have a trial by jury
* 8th - protection from cruel and unusual punishments
* 10th - rights not given to the federal government belong to the states
Constitution Era
Exploration Era
Sectionalism Era
Westward Expansion Era
**WHEN DID IT HAPPEN**
* Alexander Hamilton's financial plan includes a National Bank and a tax on whiskey
* the Whiskey Rebellion [protesting the tax] is put down by President Washington and the U.S. military
* President Washington suggests we avoid political parties and permanent alliances in his "Farewell Address"
Early Republic
Colonization Era
Reform Era
Age of Jackson
**WHEN DID IT HAPPEN**
* Federalists [led by Alexander Hamilton] wanted MORE government power, an industrial economy and a national bank
* Democrat-Republicans [led by Thomas Jefferson] wanted LESS government power, an agricultural economy, and NO national bank
* the Alien and Sedition Acts angered Americans because they believed it violated the 1st amendment protection of freedom of speech
Early Republic
Exploration Era
Reform Era
Civil War Era
**WHEN DID IT HAPPEN**
* Marbury v. Madison established "judicial review" and gave the Supreme Court the power to declare laws unconstitutional
* the War of 1812 was fought between the U.S. and England [due to British "impressment" of American sailors]
* the Monroe Doctrine prevented European colonization of land in the Western Hemisphere
Early Republic
Industrialization Era
Reform Era
Age of Jackson
**WHEN DID IT HAPPEN**
* the war with England makes the U.S. realize they need more factories producing goods
* "free enterprise" allows the economy to grow through competition and owner profit
* improvements in transportation [canals, railroads, steamboats] move goods and people faster
Industrialization Era
Colonization Era
Civil War Era
Exploration Era
**WHEN DID IT HAPPEN**
* the cotton gin sped up the production and profitability of cotton, and increased the number of slaves in the U.S.
* interchangeable parts allowed factories to produce goods more efficiently
* the telegraph allowed people to communicate over great distances
Industrialization Era
Exploration Era
Constitution Era
Colonization Era
**WHEN DID IT HAPPEN**
* Irish immigrants [escaping a potato famine] were cheap labor in factories or on the Transcontinental Railroad
* German / Swedish / Norwegian immigrants found fertile farmland in the American Midwest
* Chinese immigrants also helped build the Transcontinental Railroad
Industrialization Era
Colonization Era
Revolution Era
Sectionalism Era
**WHEN DID IT HAPPEN**
* Urbanization increases rapidly as people head to cities to find work in factories
* women enter the work force, often getting jobs in textile mills
* increasing populations in cities leads to overcrowding, pollution and increased crime
Industrialization Era
Colonization Era
Revolution Era
Civil War Era
**WHEN DID IT HAPPEN**
* Jacksonian Democracy - rise of the Democratic Party and an increase in voter turnout
* Nullification Crisis - South Carolina ignores a federal tax and threatens to secede if it's enforced
* Hudson River School - American artists paint landscapes and nature
Age of Jackson
Exploration Era
Civil War Era
Constitution Era
**WHEN DID IT HAPPEN**
* Native Americans are forced to move from their ancestral homelands to reservations in "Indian Territory" [Oklahoma]
* In Worcester v. Georgia the Supreme Court says that Native Americans have "sovereignty" and cannot be removed
* President Jackson ignores the Supreme Court, and thousands of Native Americans are forced to march the "Trail of Tears"
Age of Jackson
Colonization Era
Revolution Era
Sectionalism Era
**WHEN DID IT HAPPEN**
Women in the U.S. fight for:
* Suffrage - the right to vote [led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony]
* Temperance - reduced use of alcohol
* Mental Health and Prison Reform - led by Dorothea Dix
Reform Era
Constitution Era
Civil War Era
Revolution Era
**WHEN DID IT HAPPEN**
* the 2nd Great Awakening - encouraged people to be more religious, and led to several "reform" movements
* Abolitionist Movement - the push to end slavery, led by William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, and Harriet Beecher Stowe
* Transcendentalism - belief that people should rise above society's problems and connect with nature [led by Ralph Waldo Emerson]
Reform Era
Exploration Era
Constitution Era
Civil War Era
**WHEN DID IT HAPPEN**
* "Manifest Destiny" pushed Americans westward across North America [supported by President Polk]
* Oregon Territory was added to the U.S. after negotiations with Britain
* Gold was discovered in California, sparking a population boom [including thousands of Chinese immigrants]
Westward Expansion
Industrialization Era
Colonization Era
Early Republic
**WHEN DID IT HAPPEN**
* Texas is annexed, and the U.S. and Mexico argue over where the boundary of Texas is located
* the U.S.-Mexican War is fought to settle the boundary dispute [and to achieve President Polk's goal of "manifest destiny"]
* in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Mexico gives the U.S. all the land between Texas and the Pacific [called the Mexican Cession]
Westward Expansion
Exploration Era
Early Republic
Civil War Era
**WHEN DID IT HAPPEN**
* Northern Economy - mostly industrialized, textile mills and factories [staffed by immigrants, women and children]
* Southern Economy - mostly agricultural, cotton and tobacco plantations [utilizing slave labor]
* Western Economy - mining [mostly for gold and silver] with some farms and ranches
Sectionalism Era
Exploration Era
Constitution Era
Reform Era
**WHEN DID IT HAPPEN**
* The Compromise of 1850 made both North and South unhappy
* California was admitted as a "free" state [angering the South]
* the Fugitive Slave Law allowed Southerners to hunt down escaped slaves [angering the North]
Sectionalism Era
Exploration Era
Constitution Era
Industrialization Era
**WHEN DID IT HAPPEN**
* Economic and geographic differences between the North and the South [along with disagreements over slavery] led to a separation of cultures
* the Kansas-Nebraska Act attempted to solve the slavery issue, but violence erupted as a result ["Bleeding Kansas"]
* the Dred Scott v. Sandford case ruled that slaves were property [and NOT citizens of the U.S.]
Sectionalism Era
Constitution Era
Early Republic
Age of Jackson
**WHEN DID IT HAPPEN**
* the Confederacy formed in 1861 when Southern states seceded from the Union
* Leaders: Union - President Lincoln and General Grant; Confederacy - President Davis and General Lee
* the Union had far more resources [people, supplies, weapons, transportation] than the Confederacy
Civil War Era
Colonization Era
Revolution Era
Reform Era
**WHEN DID IT HAPPEN**
* the war began in 1861 at Fort Sumter when Confederate forces attacked the Union soldiers stationed there
* the Battle of Gettysburg was a Union victory, and was followed by Lincoln's famous "Gettysburg Address"
* the Battle of Vicksburg gave the Union control of the Mississippi River [and cut the Confederacy in half]
Civil War Era
Revolution Era
Early Republic
Age of Jackson
**WHEN DID IT HAPPEN**
* Lincoln's "Emancipation Proclamation" gave freedom to the slaves in the South
* the war ended at Appomattox Courthouse when General Lee surrendered to General Grant
* President Lincoln was assassinated a few days after the war ended
Civil War Era
Exploration Era
Industrialization Era
Reform Era
**WHEN DID IT HAPPEN**
*the 13th Amendment abolishes slavery
*the 14th Amendment grants citizenship rights to former slaves
*the 15th Amendment protects voting rights for freed men
Reconstruction Era
Early Republic
Age of Jackson
Sectionalism Era
**WHEN DID IT HAPPEN**
*Black Codes restrict the rights of former slaves in the South
*President Andrew Johnson is impeached by the U.S. Congress
*the nation struggles to come together in the years after the Civil War
Reconstruction Era
Sectionalism Era
Industrialization Era
Reform Era
**WHEN DID IT HAPPEN**
*the Freedmen's Bureau helps former slaves get food, clothing, jobs, educations, and legal protection
*Hiram Rhodes Revels [a former slave] is elected to the U.S. Congress
Reconstruction Era
Sectionalism Era
Age of Jackson
Early Republic
