This question refers to the map below.

The Impact of Immigration

Nancy A. Hewitt and Steven F. Lawson, Exploring American Histories, Bedford/St. Martin's, p. 564. Reprinted by permission.

Which of the following was the most popular destination for late 19th-century immigrants to the United States?

The majority of late 19th-century women’s clubs and self-help groups demanding social and political reform tended to be

Which of the following BEST exemplified a government subsidy to promote western migration?

This question is based on the excerpt below.

“The President of the United States…hereby is authorized, whenever in his opinion any reservation or any part thereof…is advantageous for agricultural and grazing purposes…to allot the lands in said reservation in severalty to any Indian located thereon in quantities as follows:

To each head of family, one-quarter of a section;

To each single person over eighteen years of age, one eighth of a section;

To each single orphan child under eighteen years of age, one eighth of a section…

Every Indian born within the territorial limits of the United States to whom allotments shall have been made…who has voluntarily taken up, within said limits his residence separate and apart from any tribe of Indians therein, and has adopted that habits of civilized life, is hereby declared a citizen of the United States.”

The Dawes Severalty Act, 1887

United States, Statutes at Large, 24:388 ff.

Historically, struggles between American Indian tribes and the federal government have stemmed from

This question is based on the quotation below.

“Question: Is there any difference between the conditions under which machinery is made now and those which existed ten years ago?

Answer:…Well, the trade has been subdivided and those subdivisions have been again subdivided, so a man never learns the machinist trade now.…In fact, through this system of work, 100 men are able to do now what it took 300 to 400 men to do fifteen years ago. By the use of machinery and the subdivisions of the trade they so simplify the work that it is made a great deal easier and put together a great deal faster. There is no system of apprenticeship, I may say, in the business. You simply go in and learn whatever branch you are put at, and you stay at that unless you are changed to another….”

Testimony of machinist John Morrison to a U.S. Senate committee, 1883

Report of the Committee of the Senate upon the Relations between Labor and Capital, 48th Cong. (1885), 755–59.

The quote above illustrates growing unrest between

Which of the following was NOT part of the Populist platform?

Which of the following represented a direct challenge to the practices typical of the Gilded Age?

This question is based on the following map of the American West, 1860–1900.

Nancy A. Hewitt and Steven F. Lawson, Exploring American Histories, Bedford/St. Martin's, p. 461. Reprinted by permission.

The greatest priority of western railroad development as illustrated above was to

From 1870 to 1890, new migration from Asia and Southern and Eastern Europe led to

This question is based on the following map of the American West, 1860–1900.

Nancy A. Hewitt and Steven F. Lawson, Exploring American Histories, Bedford/St. Martin's, p. 461. Reprinted by permission.

Between 1860 and 1900, railroads in the United States were

The violent conflict during the second half of the 19th century between the United States and American Indians was most influenced by the

The most resented form of 19th-century government corruption was in

Which of the following was LEAST associated with the “Gilded Age”?

This question is based on the quotation below.

“Of every thousand dollars spent in so-called charity today, it is probable that nine hundred and fifty dollars is unwisely spent.…The best means of benefiting the community is to place within its reach the ladders upon which the aspiring can rise—free libraries, parks, and means of recreation, by which men are helped in body and mind.…The laws of accumulation will be left free, the laws of distribution free. Individualism will continue, but the millionaire will be but a trustee for the poor.…The best minds will thus have reached a stage in the development of the race in which it is clearly seen there is no mode of disposing of surplus wealth creditable to thoughtful and earnest men into whose hands it flows, save by using it year by year for the general good.”

Andrew Carnegie, “The Gospel of Wealth,” 1889

Andrew Carnegie, The Gospel of Wealth and Other Timely Essays (New York: Century, 1901), 16–19.

Late 19th-century critics of the ideology expressed in the quote above would most likely argue that

The Plessy v. Ferguson ruling upheld

This question is based on the excerpt below.

“The President of the United States…hereby is authorized, whenever in his opinion any reservation or any part thereof…is advantageous for agricultural and grazing purposes…to allot the lands in said reservation in severalty to any Indian located thereon in quantities as follows:

To each head of family, one-quarter of a section;

To each single person over eighteen years of age, one eighth of a section;

To each single orphan child under eighteen years of age, one eighth of a section…

Every Indian born within the territorial limits of the United States to whom allotments shall have been made…who has voluntarily taken up, within said limits his residence separate and apart from any tribe of Indians therein, and has adopted that habits of civilized life, is hereby declared a citizen of the United States.”

The Dawes Severalty Act, 1887

United States, Statutes at Large, 24:388 ff.

The primary goal of the government policy cited above was to

This question refers to the following quotation.

“Labor organizations are to-day the greatest menace to this Government that exists inside or outside the pale of our national domain. Their influence for disruption and disorganization of society is far more dangerous to the perpetuation of our Government in its purity and power than would be the hostile array on our borders of the army of the entire world combined.…No one questions the right of labor to organize for any legitimate purpose, but when labor organizations degenerate into agencies of evil, inculcating theories dangerous to society and claiming rights and powers destructive to government, there should be no hesitancy in any quarter to check these evil tendencies even if the organizations themselves have to be placed under the ban of law.”

N. F. Thompson, Testimony before the Industrial Commission on the Relations and Conditions of Capital and Labor, 1900

Report of the Industrial Commission on the Relations and Conditions of Capital and Labor, vol. 7 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1901).

Critics of the arguments expressed in the excerpt above

This question is based on the quotation below.

“To those of my race who depend on bettering their condition in a foreign land or who underestimated the importance of cultivating friendly relations with the Southern white man, who is their next-door neighbor, I say: ‘Cast down your bucket where you are’—cast it down in making friends in every manly way of the people of all races by whom we are surrounded.…To those of the white race who look to the incoming of those of foreign birth and strange tongue and habits for the prosperity of the South, were I permitted I would repeat what I say to my own race, ‘Cast down your bucket where you are.’ Cast it down among the eight million of Negroes whose habits you know.”

Booker T. Washington, Atlanta Exposition Address, 1885

Booker T. Washington, Up from Slavery: An Autobiography (1900), 218–225.

The speech above attempts to

Many 19th-century industrialists chose to blunt criticism regarding their wealth by

This question refers to the map below.

The Impact of Immigration

Nancy A. Hewitt and Steven F. Lawson, Exploring American Histories, Bedford/St. Martin's, p. 564. Reprinted by permission.

Between 1880 and 1900, the largest group of immigrants to the United States came from

Which African American leader championed vocational training for blacks, raised funds from white philanthropists, and sought new career opportunities for blacks to improve their status in the late 19th century?

The classic 19th-century essay “The Gospel of Wealth” was authored by

As 19th-century American cities grew in both size and number, the greatest attention to the stark contrast between urban wealth and working-class poverty resulted from

This question refers to the following image.

Sears Roebuck Consumer’s Guide

The Granger Collection, New York

The image above most clearly epitomized the Gilded Age focus on

This question is based on the quotation below.

“To those of my race who depend on bettering their condition in a foreign land or who underestimated the importance of cultivating friendly relations with the Southern white man, who is their next-door neighbor, I say: ‘Cast down your bucket where you are’—cast it down in making friends in every manly way of the people of all races by whom we are surrounded.…To those of the white race who look to the incoming of those of foreign birth and strange tongue and habits for the prosperity of the South, were I permitted I would repeat what I say to my own race, ‘Cast down your bucket where you are.’ Cast it down among the eight million of Negroes whose habits you know.”

Booker T. Washington, Atlanta Exposition Address, 1885

Booker T. Washington, Up from Slavery: An Autobiography (1900), 218–225.

A decade after the speech above, segregation polices were reinforced by

This question is based on the excerpt below.

“The President of the United States…hereby is authorized, whenever in his opinion any reservation or any part thereof…is advantageous for agricultural and grazing purposes…to allot the lands in said reservation in severalty to any Indian located thereon in quantities as follows:

To each head of family, one-quarter of a section;

To each single person over eighteen years of age, one eighth of a section;

To each single orphan child under eighteen years of age, one eighth of a section…

Every Indian born within the territorial limits of the United States to whom allotments shall have been made…who has voluntarily taken up, within said limits his residence separate and apart from any tribe of Indians therein, and has adopted that habits of civilized life, is hereby declared a citizen of the United States.”

The Dawes Severalty Act, 1887

United States, Statutes at Large, 24:388 ff.

During the late 19th century, western Native American life was most affected by

This question is based on the following 1895 political cartoon.

Here Lies Prosperity

“The Situation: The Result of Interest Bearing Bonds and Sherman.” Sound Money (Massillon, OH), August 22, 1895. Reproduced from Worth Robert Miller, Populist Cartoons: An Illustrated History of the Third Party Movement in the 1890s (Truman State University Press, 2011).

The artist(s) of the illustration above would claim

The completion of the transcontinental railroads through the American West contributed most to the

The Sierra Club

This question is based on the following 1895 political cartoon.

Here Lies Prosperity

“The Situation: The Result of Interest Bearing Bonds and Sherman.” Sound Money (Massillon, OH), August 22, 1895. Reproduced from Worth Robert Miller, Populist Cartoons: An Illustrated History of the Third Party Movement in the 1890s (Truman State University Press, 2011).

The illustration above was likely created in support of

During the late 19th century, the American industrial workforce

Horse-Drawn Harvester

The Granger Collection, New York

The Populist Party developed as a reaction to the growth of corporate power in agriculture and

Late 19th-century urban immigrants identified in the map above most commonly relied on support from

Jane Addams was instrumental in improving the conditions of immigrants and advancing urban reform primarily through the use of

Much of the urban reform described above was carried out by

Which 19th-century government action aimed to break up Indian lands and force assimilation in order to end tribal identities?

John Muir, Speech to the Sierra Club, 1895

John Muir, "The National Parks and Forest Reservations," Proceedings of the Meeting of the Sierra Club Held November 23, 1895. Published in Sierra Club Bulletin, Vol. 7, 1896.

Which of the following most often stood in the way of attempts to achieve the broader goals suggested in the excerpt above?

Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives, 1890

Jacob A. Riis, How the Other Half Lives: Studies among the Tenements of New York (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1890).

Which 20th-century group or program initially shifted reform efforts for urban poverty from local communities and cities to the federal government?

Horse-Drawn Harvester

The Granger Collection, New York

In the late 19th century, farmers had to adapt to new realities, as illustrated in the photograph above, requiring a greater dependence on

N. F. Thompson, Testimony before the Industrial Commission on the Relations and Conditions of Capital and Labor, 1900

Report of the Industrial Commission on the Relations and Conditions of Capital and Labor, vol. 7 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1901).

The passage above was a reaction to which challenge?

Testimony of machinist John Morrison to a U.S. Senate committee, 1883

Report of the Committee of the Senate upon the Relations between Labor and Capital, 48th Cong. (1885), 755–59.

Which 20th-century presidential administration most supported reforms that addressed the conflicts expressed in the excerpt above?

Nancy A. Hewitt and Steven F. Lawson, Exploring American Histories, Bedford/St. Martin's, p. 461. Reprinted by permission.

Which 20th-century group or movement was the first to advocate for a change in the relationship between railroads and the federal government?

Booker T. Washington, Atlanta Exposition Address, 1885

Booker T. Washington, Up from Slavery: An Autobiography (1900), 218–225.

The author of the quote above was most likely motivated by the

Which late 19th-century labor union emphasized “bread and butter” unionism?

Testimony of machinist John Morrison to a U.S. Senate committee, 1883

Report of the Committee of the Senate upon the Relations between Labor and Capital, 48th Cong. (1885), 755–59.

The changes described in the excerpt above most clearly demonstrate an evolution in

N. F. Thompson, Testimony before the Industrial Commission on the Relations and Conditions of Capital and Labor, 1900

Report of the Industrial Commission on the Relations and Conditions of Capital and Labor, vol. 7 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1901).

Popular sentiment during which 20th-century period most closely aligned with the point of view in the excerpt above?

The Granger movement was most dedicated to

Sears Roebuck Consumer’s Guide

The Granger Collection, New York

Which of the following most advanced the business model represented in the image above?

Which of the following was LEAST controversial during the Gilded Age?

Testimony of machinist John Morrison to a U.S. Senate committee, 1883

Report of the Committee of the Senate upon the Relations between Labor and Capital, 48th Cong. (1885), 755–59.

Large-scale production assisted by the strategies outlined in the quote above

This question is based on the following 1895 political cartoon.

Here Lies Prosperity

“The Situation: The Result of Interest Bearing Bonds and Sherman.” Sound Money (Massillon, OH), August 22, 1895. Reproduced from Worth Robert Miller, Populist Cartoons: An Illustrated History of the Third Party Movement in the 1890s (Truman State University Press, 2011).

The illustration above was likely created in support of

This question is based on the following 1895 political cartoon.

Here Lies Prosperity “The Situation: The Result of Interest Bearing Bonds and Sherman.” Sound Money (Massillon, OH), August 22, 1895.  Reproduced from Worth Robert Miller, Populist Cartoons: An Illustrated History of the Third Party Movement in the 1890s (Truman State University Press, 2011).

What was the main Gilded Age economic concern addressed in the cartoon above?

Which of the following illustrated the limitations of the “New South” economic revitalization plan?

This question refers to the following quotation. “New York is, I firmly believe, the most charitable city in the world. Nowhere is there so eager a readiness to help. When it is known that the help is worthily wanted; nowhere are such armies of devoted workers, nowhere such abundance of means ready to the hand of those who know the need and how rightly to supply it. Its poverty, its slums, and its suffering are the result of unprecedented growth with the consequent disorder and crowding, and the common penalty of metropolitan greatness.…The Day Nurseries, the numberless Kindergartens and charitable schools in the poor quarters, the Fresh Air Funds, the thousands and one charities that in one way or another reach the homes and the lives of the poor with sweetening touch…” Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives, 1890 Jacob A. Riis, How the Other Half Lives: Studies among the Tenements of New York (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1890).

Which 19th-century reform movement was most closely associated with the activities described above?