Protestant church, official church of the United Kingdom, founded by King Henry VIII during the Reformation. Also called the Anglican Church.

This word means expelling someone from the church. Cutting off all ties.

Italy's leading cultural center during Renaissance; important for trade and commerce;dominated by the Medici family. City-State and Capital of Tuscany Region.

A technique of painting on walls covered with moist plaster. It can be translated to English as "Fresh"

Italian scientist who used telescopes to prove Copernicus' theory that the sun was the center of the solar system and developed the modern experimental method.

English poet remembered as author of the Canterbury Tales.

A way of thinking and learning that stresses the importance of human abilities and actions. An Idea that people are important and should celebrate life; shift from trying to do good and enter Heaven, popular during the Renaissance

a document given by the pope that excused a person from penalties for the sins that he or she had committed. It can be given for an act of good work or bought

Court of the Roman Catholic Church that wanted to get rid of heresy; they would punish and torture people who did not agree with the Catholic church; especially active in Spain in the later 1400s and 1500s

Religious order known as the Society of Jesus, created to strengthen support of the church during the Counter-Reformation Eventually began to travel overseas as missionaries.

King of England; he split with the Catholic Church and declared himself head of the Church of England or Anglican Church; did this mainly so he could divorce

A family, made wealthy by starting a banking industry in Florence, Italy - They were major patrons to the arts during the renaissance.

Italian city-state- manufactured weapons and silk in Renaissance Italy. Known as "Mediolanum" during the Roman Empire.

This means an opinion that was considered to be against the Catholic Church

A Polish astronomer who proved that the Ptolemaic system was inaccurate, he proposed the theory that the sun, not the earth, was the center of the solar system.

Ideas of Calvinism in the Protestant Reformation that God has already planned out a person's life and where they will spend eternity (at birth)

a member of Christian churches that are separate from the Roman Catholic Church and follow the principles of the Reformation, including the Baptist, Presbyterian, and Lutheran churches.

She ruled England for 50 years and was one of the most successful monarchs in English history; restored the Anglican (Protestant) church in England; kind and fair queen

Italian Renaissance painter; he painted frescoes, his most famous being The School of Athens.

A major change in European thought, starting in the mid-1500s, in which the study of the natural world began to be characterized by careful observation and the questioning of accepted beliefs.

The chapel of the official residence of the pope in the Vatican; the ceiling was painted by Michelangelo

Four times larger than English Renaissance Theatre, pioneered a three-act model for plays instead of the classic five acts, allowed women on stage, and had an organized and efficient system of actor contracts, travel stipends, licenses, and booking.

a deadly disease that spread across Asia and Europe in the mid-14th century, killing millions of people

Geoffrey Chaucer's English masterpiece poem written during the Early Renaissance.

Written by Dante Alighieri between 1308 and his death in 1321, it is widely considered the central epic poem of Italian literature, and one of the greatest of world literature.

A book wrote by Niccolo Machiavelli in 1513 about the imperfect conduct of humans and how ruler should attain and maintain power. Source of the idea "the end justifies the means."

A tiny city-state within the city of Rome; it is the home of the Roman Catholic Church.

Italian city-state & port city that manufactured glass in Renaissance Italy. On the Adriatic Sea, it became wealthy and powerful as a result of trade across the Adriatic and Mediterranean Seas. Important Renaissance center.

This word means the everyday language of ordinary people. During the Renaissance, literature began to be published in this kind of language.

English poet and playwright considered one of the greatest writers of the English language; works include Julius Caesar, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, and Hamlet. Made huge contributions to English and Theatre as an art form.