WorksheetsUnit 7: Natural Selection
Total questions: 49
Worksheet time: 4hrs 5mins
In Darwin's thinking, the more closely related two different organisms are, the
more similar their habitats are.
less similar their DNA sequences are.
more recently they shared a common ancestor.
less likely they are to have the same genes in common.
more similar they are in size.
Natural selection is based on all of the following except
genetic variation exists within populations.
the best-adapted individuals tend to leave the most offspring.
individuals who survive longer tend to leave more offspring than those who die young.
populations tend to produce more individuals than the environment can support.
individuals adapt to their environments and, thereby, evolve.
During drought years on the Galapagos, small, easily eaten seeds become rare, leaving mostly large, hard-cased seeds that only birds with large beaks can eat. If a drought persists for several years, what should one expect to result from natural selection?
Small birds gaining larger beaks by exercising their mouth parts.
Small birds mutating their beak genes with the result that later-generation offspring have larger beaks.
Small birds anticipating the long drought and eating more to gain weight and, consequently, growing larger beaks.
More small-beaked birds dying than larger-beaked birds. The offspring produced in subsequent generations have a higher percentage of birds with large beaks.
Larger birds eating less so smaller birds can survive.
Structures as different as human arms, bat wings, and dolphin flippers contain many of the same bones, these bones having developed from very similar embryonic tissues. How do biologists interpret these similarities?
By identifying the bones as being analogous
By the principle of convergent evolution
By proposing that humans, bats, and dolphins share a common ancestor
By looking at where the animals live
Over time, the movement of people on Earth has steadily increased. This has altered the course of human evolution by increasing
non-random mating.
geographic isolation.
genetic drift.
mutations.
gene flow.
When we say that an individual organism has a greater fitness than another individual, we specifically mean that the organism
lives longer than others of its species.
competes for resources more successfully than others of its species.
mates more frequently than others of its species.
utilizes resources more efficiently than other species occupying similar niches.
leaves more viable offspring than others of its species.
Which describes an African butterfly species that exists in two strikingly different color patterns?
artificial selection
directional selection
stabilizing selection
disruptive selection
sexual selection
Fossil evidence indicates that horses have gradually increased in size over geologic time. Which of the following terms best describes this?
artificial selection
directional selection
stabilizing selection
disruptive selection
sexual selection
Most Swiss starlings produce four to five eggs in each clutch. Those producing fewer or more than this have reduced fitness. Which of the following terms best describes this?
artificial selection
directional selection
stabilizing selection
disruptive selection
sexual selection
Males of different species of the fruit fly Drosophila that live in the same parts of the Hawaiian islands have different elaborate courtship rituals that involve fighting other males and stylized movements that attract females. What type of reproductive isolation does this represent?
habitat isolation
temporal isolation
behavioral isolation
gametic isolation
postzygotic barriers
The greatest degree of genetic variability would be expected among organisms that reproduce via
budding
sexual recombination
vegetative propagation
mitosis
sporulation
All of the following are examples of events that can prevent breeding between species EXCEPT:
The potential mates experience geographical isolation.
The potential mates experience behavioral isolation.
The potential mates have different courtship rituals.
The potential mates have similar breeding seasons.
The gametes of potential mates have biochemical differences.
Homologous structures are often cited as evidence for evolution. All of the following are examples of homologous structures EXCEPT
the wings of a bird and with wings of a bat
the flippers of a whale and the arms of a man
the pectoral fins of a porpoise and the flippers of a seal
the forelegs of an insect and the forelimbs of a dog
the hind legs of a lizard and the legs of a chicken.
All of the following are part of Hardy Weinberg law for populations in equilibirum EXCEPT
Large population
No immigration or emigration
No natural selection
Non random mating
No genetic mutations
What does a phylogenetic tree show?
shows how living organisms are related to each other using evidences
organizes living organisms by color
shows how living organisms interact with each other in the real world
shows how certain organisms grow based on their genes
The 8 levels of classification, from most broad to most specific.
Domain, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom, Species
Domain, Species, Kingdom, Genus, Phylum, Family, Class, Order
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Order, Kingdom, Species, Domain, Phylum, Family, Class, Genus
Modern Classification (Phylogeny) adds what to Linnaeus's taxonomic criteria?
evolutionary relationships & DNA (biochemical characters)
habitat type
fewer categories than Linnaeus
a naming system called binomial nomenclature
Based on the data given in the table, which two are most closely related?
Human & Gorilla
Gorilla & Orangutan
Human & Chimpanzee
Chimpanzee & Orangutan
Using the cladogram: a common ancestor of amphibians and ray-finned fish would have
a bony skeleton
four limbs
scaly skin
eggs with shells
Species X and Species Y live in the same area in the same environment but they occupy different niches. Because of this they rarely encounter each other. This is an example of what type of barrier (which leads to speciation)?
Geographic isolation
Behavioral isolation
Ecological isolation
Mechanical isolation
Temporal isiolation
When multiple frog species often occupy the same area in an ecosystem but are isolated with each species because they have developed different mating times and or mating seasons. This is an example of what type of Isolation?
Gametic isolation
Temporal isolation
Mechanical isolation
Behavioral isolation
Geographical isolation
Often times a mountain, a river, an island or large space between populations can result in this type of Isolation?
Gametic isolation
Behavioral isolation
Mechanical isolation
Geographical isolation
Ecological isolation
The eastern and western Meadow Lark are seperate species as they contain sperate mating calls with prevents them from being attracted to each other. This is an example of what type of Isolation?
Gametic isolation
Geographic isolation
Mechanical isolation
Ecolological isolation
Behavioral isolation
A lot of female snails can not physically reproduce with different male snails even if they are closely related because their genetalia (sex organs) do not fit with each other. This is an example of....
Mechanical isolation
Behavioral isolation
Gametic isolation
Ecological isolation
Geographical isolation
This type of reproductive isolation (barrier) happens before any type of fertilization of the egg and sperm.
Pre-zygotic barrier
Post-zygotic barrier
Allopatric or Sympatric speciation?
Allopatric
Sympatric
Allopatric or Sympatric speciation?
Allopatric
Sympatric
Allopatric or Sympatric speciation?
Allopatric
Sympatric
Certain cavefish and salamanders have non-functional eyes, which are remnants of the functional eyes of their ancestors. Such examples of “leftover” structures are referred to as:
Homologous structures
Analogous structures
Vestigial structures
Genetic drift
Which scientists tested the hypothesis that Earth’s early atmosphere was a reducing environment in which organic compounds could have formed from simple molecules?
Oparin and Haldane
Miller and Urey
Cech and Altman
Conway and Morris
Three million years ago, populations of snapping shrimp were separated on either side of Central America when the Isthmus of Panama closed, creating a land bridge between North and South America. Researchers found that snapping shrimp on one side of the isthmus appeared nearly identical to those on the other side. It is believed that the separate populations were once members of the same population. When researchers put males and females from different sides of the isthmus together, they snapped at each other aggressively instead of mating.
Which of the following best describes what happened to the snapping shrimp as evidenced by the aggression observed?
Sympatric speciation brought about by polyploidy
Hybridization caused by geographic isolation
Allopatric speciation caused by geographic isolation
Coevolution brought about by habitat isolation
The allele frequency of p=.20 What is the percentage of Heterozygous Dominant genotype?
.80
.04
.32
.64
The allele frequency of p=.20 What is q?
.80
.04
.32
.64
A population's recessive allele frequency 25%. What is the percentage of the Homozygous Dominant genotype?
.5625
.3750
.0625
.25
.5
64% of the population has the recessive phenotype. What is the percentage of the recessive genotype?
.04
.32
.64
.2
.8
