an argument incorrectly assumes an effect from a cause.

the truth claim of an argument is based on the origin of its claims or premises.

an argument relies upon the misconception that previous generations had superior wisdom to modern man.

an argument assumes that general beliefs are accurate generalisations of the whole group.

a token gesture is interpreted as an adequate substitute for the real thing.

a conclusion is drawn based on a small sample size.

an attempt to get the audience to devalue reason and intellectual discourse.

when a conclusion is drawn based on the silence of the opponent.

the assumption of a conclusion or fact based primarily on lack of evidence to the contrary.

using an ambiguous term in more than one sense.

inferring that something is true of the whole from the fact that it is true of some part of the whole.

claiming that two opposing arguments are logically equivalent when in fact they are not.

They say that if you swallow gum it takes even years to digest. So whatever you do, don't swallow gum!

My 5th-grade teacher once told me that girls would go crazy for boys if they learn how to dance. Therefore, if you want to make the ladies go crazy for you, learn to dance!

My opponent suggests that lowering taxes will be a good idea - this coming from a woman who eats a pint of Ben and Jerry's each night!

You claim that you don't believe in the spirit world - but how can you be sure that this is not the case? Are you 100% certain? No? Exactly!