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Earth/Space Science Quarter 1 and 2 Review

Total questions: 20

Worksheet time: 10mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
A student investigated the accumulation of nitrogen compounds in a fish tank over a period of 50 days. The graph shows the amount of nitrogen in compounds in the tank. At the end of the experiment, part of the water was replaced by fresh water. Which would be the independent variable in this investigation?
a)
the number of days
b)
the fish
c)

the amount of nitrogen

d)

the water change

2.

A weather balloon is about 2 meters wide when it is near the ground. It grows to about 6 meters wide at higher altitudes.

Which change most likely makes the balloon become wider at higher altitudes?

a)
more gases enter the balloon
b)
the gas inside the balloon gets much hotter
c)

the air pressure surrounding the balloon decreases

d)
sunlight breaks down the material of the balloon
3.

A long-standing question in science has been, "What caused the dinosaurs to become extinct?" In the mid-1900s, the idea was proposed that caterpillars ate so many leaves that dinosaurs starved and could not reproduce. Today, the most commonly accepted idea is that a large object from space hit Earth and triggered global events that led to the extinctions.

What does this change in scientific thinking provide evidence of?

a)
that scientific knowledge is open to change
b)
that scientific information is universal
c)
that scientists never change their minds
d)

that scientists don't know what happened

4.
Hutton's theory of uniformitarianism states that the forces at work on the Earth today are the same as those that were at work in the past. Thus, a cave forms today in the same way that caves formed millions of years ago. The idea stated in the theory of uniformitarianism is so important that it serves as the basis of geology. Why are Hutton's ideas considered a scientific theory and not scientific law?
a)
because the theory is based on a hypothesis that has been proven and a scientific law is not
b)
because the theory could be proven wrong and a scientific law cannot be proven wrong
c)
because the theory is widely accepted and a scientific law is not widely accepted
d)
because the theory explains how nature works instead of describing an observation of nature
5.

For the Science Fair, Alyssa designs an experiment to learn about erosion as shown in the diagram below. Tray A is flat on the table. One end of tray B is raised 5 cm, and one end of tray C is raised 10 cm. Alyssa then slowly pours 200 mL of water onto the sand in each tray. Finally, she observes and measures how far sand is carried by the water.

What is the independent variable (test variable) in Alyssa's experiment?

a)
the height of the tray
b)
the amount of sand
c)
the speed she pours the water
d)

the volume of water she pours

6.

Colin decided to investigate soil erosion by water. He measured rates of erosion on model hills made of soil, rock, and sand.

What was his test variable (independent variable)?

a)
the rate of erosion on the hills
b)
the steepness of the model hillsides
c)

the amount of water sprayed onto the hills

d)
the type of material used to construct the model hills
7.

Jesse is designing an experiment to find out if objects of different masses fall at different rates, or speeds. She plans to drop four objects having a similar size and shape, but different masses, from the same height of a staircase. Jesse plans to measure how long it takes each object to hit the floor.

What is the dependent variable (outcome variable) in Jesse’s experiment?

a)
the shape of objects
b)
the mass of each object
c)
the time it takes for each object to fall
d)
the height of the staircase
8.

Morgan puts some books under a ramp. She rolls a ball down the ramp and measures the distance the ball travels before it stops. She adds more books under the ramp and repeats the investigation.

What is the independent (manipulated) variable in this investigation?

a)
the angle of the ramp
b)
the length of the ramp
c)
the speed the ball rolls
d)
the distacnce the ball travels
9.

Students set up an investigation to see if hummingbirds prefer red liquids to clear liquids. They plan to fill hummingbird feeders with mixtures of sugar and water, as shown in the table.

Which is a variable in this investigation?

a)
the amount of sugar
b)
the amount of water
c)
the number of drops of food coloring
d)
the number of types of hummingbirds
10.
The following map shows the movement of heat throughout the global ocean. Based on the map, which of the following statements best summarizes the movement of heat through the world’s oceans?
a)
Heat energy is transported from areas near the equator to areas near the poles.
b)
Warm water moves from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.
c)
Cold water moves away from the equator and picks up heat near the poles.
d)
Warm water is found near the equator, and cold water is found near the poles.
11.

The jet stream is a narrow band of upper atmosphere winds. These winds separate northern Arctic air masses from southern continental air masses. The diagram shows the location of the jet stream in the summer and in the winter.

How does the jet stream contribute to Florida’s popularity as a winter destination?

a)
When the jet stream shifts farther north in the winter, more of the continent becomes colder. However, Florida usually remains in the warmer air south of the jet stream.
b)
When the jet stream shifts farther south in the winter, more of the continent becomes colder. However, Florida usually remains in the warmer air south of the jet stream.
c)
When the jet stream shifts farther north in the winter, more of the continent becomes warmer. However, Florida usually remains in the cooler air south of the jet stream.
d)
When the jet stream shifts farther south in the winter, more of the continent becomes warmer. However, Florida usually remains in the cooler air south of the jet stream.
12.
The climate of an area can be different from its weather. Which of the following statements describes the climate of an area?
a)
There should be heavy rains tomorrow morning.
b)
The rains next week are expected to cause some flooding.
c)
The average temperature from 1930-1996 was 23°C (74°F).
d)
The high temperature on September 4, 2009, was 32°C (89°F).
13.
On any given day, the weather forecast might say that rain, snow, and sleet are expected. Which statement explains that this type of weather represents the climate as well?
a)
Sleet is a combination of rain and snow
b)
Last January it snowed for 17 days in a row
c)
The rain turned to sleet and snow later that afternoon
d)
Rain, snow and sleet are common during the month of December
14.

In December, Bill was driving through Florida with his family. As they drove closer to the coast, Bill noticed that the air grew a little cooler.

Which of the following statements best explains the temperature difference?

a)
Air expands at higher temperatures
b)
Warm air moves toward the coastline from inland areas
c)
The water heats up faster than the land, creating a land breeze
d)
The land heats up faster than water, creating a sea breeze
15.

Energy from the Sun warms the land and water on the surface of Earth. The heat energy in Earth’s surface then transfers to the air directly above it. The air above the land heats up faster than the air above the water.

Which statement explains how this transfer of heat energy causes wind?

a)
It causes the air above land to rise and the cooler, heavier air to rush in and take its place
b)
It causes the air above land to push the cooler, heavier air out of place.
c)
It causes the air above land to move slower than the air above water.
d)
It causes the air above land to collide with cooler, heavier air
16.
A sea breeze blows from the ocean toward the shore. Why does this occur? 
a)
High pressure over the land causes a downdraft to occur.
b)
The tide carries the wind to the shore as it moves back and forth
c)
Conduction of heat from the warm water produces wind from the ocean.
d)
Air over land heats faster than air over water, which causes convection.
17.

The diagram shows the motion of two tectonic plates.

Which type of change on Earth will most likely result from this plate motion?

a)
A rapid change in the form of an earthquake
b)
A rapid change in the form of a volcanic eruption
c)
A slow change in the form of a mountain building
d)
A slow change in the form of the ocean floor spreading
18.
Gabby is asked to name one geologic process that has changed Earth’s surface over thousands of years. Which of the following should Gabby choose?
a)
the formation of clouds
b)
the evolution of giraffes
c)
the circulation of ocean currents
d)
the eruptions of volcanoes
19.
Study the water cycle diagram. Which of the following of Earth’s spheres are most directly represented by the part of the water cycle marked by the X?
a)
Biosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere
b)
Cryosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere
c)
Atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere
d)
Atmosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere
20.

A group of students plans to investigate marigold plants. They want to know if marigolds will grow larger flowers when given plant food. The students made this table for their investigation.

How can they improve the investigation to make their results more accurate?

a)
Plant 1 should receive 6 hours of light.
b)

Plant 1 should be a different type of plant

c)

Plant 1 should receive 5 mL of plant food.

d)
Plant 1 should be removed from the investigation.

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