2. ………… is perhaps the most vital step for any analysis in soil fertility evaluation testing.

3. The suitable depth of soil sampling is usually at soil depth ……cm for soil evaluation.

4. Chemical analysis is commonly carried out on……………

5. ………it is keeping the arrangement of soil particles and soil porosity.

6. ……….. is one of the tools used for taking disturbed soil.

7. …….. is one of the tools used for taking undisturbed soil.

8. …….. is the vertical section in the soil with a wide 1 meter and a height to a water table or hard rock.

9. Drying, grinding, and sieving are the procedures carried out during…….

10. Soil samples are dried at ......………

a) high temperature b) room temperature c) oven temperature d) hot plate

11. Soil profile is drilled in order to carry out ………….

12. The diameter of the sieve used for soil preparation for chemical analysis is…..

2. 1. .......... is one of the soil analysis which carries out to determine soil salinity.

2.2. In salinity soil, the Electrical conductivity (EC) is larger than.......dS/m.

2.3. In alkaline soil, Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (ESP) is larger than…..

2.4. In salinity soil, active acidity (pH) is less than……………

2.5. …………….. have often more than 10 % CaCO3 in the soil.

2.6. ……….. is suffering from a deficiency of iron which appears as yellow of leaves (chlorosis phenomenon).

2.7. Calcareous soil is usually suffering from a lack of………..

2.8. Adding.......... is one of the ways used for the reclamation of calcareous soil.

2.9. …………… is the main method used for estimation of organic matter.

2.10. Kjeldahl method is the main method used for estimation of………….

2.11. ……….. of nutrients in the soil can respond to added fertilizer means add 25% more fertilizer than the recommended dose.

2.12. …………….. of nutrients in the soil may or may not respond to added fertilizer, add recommended dose of fertilizer

2.13. DTPA extractable is one of the methods used for the estimation of………..

2.14…………… is one of the soil physical analysis used to determine soil compaction.

2.15. ……………. is one of the soil physical analysis used for estimation of soil evaluation

2.16. ……………. is one of the soil chemical analysis used for estimation of soil evaluation

3.1. Plant testing is one of the methods used for measurement of ……...

3.2. …… is the determination of the concentration of the elements in a plant sample.

3.3. …………….is analysis of a specific soluble pool (fraction) of a nutrient in the tissue sap, often performed on fresh tissue (leaves, stems, or petioles).

3.4. A suitable time of plant sampling is usually at……….stage

3.5. Total nutrient concentration is determined on dried tissue by chemical or high-temperature oxidation in…………..

3.6. The aim of ………… is to destroy the organic components in the plant material to release the elements from their combinations.

3.7. The plant materials can be oxidized by the………….. method at a controlled high temperature (500ºC) in a muffle furnace.

3.8. The plant materials can be oxidized by…………. using an acid or a mixture of two or more acids.

3.9. Washing, drying, and grinding of plant tissue are representative………

3.10. …..……is a non-destructive evaluation of leaf color

3.11. The quantitative relationships between reflectance and nutrient concentration can be measured using………….

3.12. The plant samples are analyzed for nutrient content and they are expressed as ratios of nutrients with others, it is generally suitable for long-duration crops in the approach of……………….

3.13. In the ……………..., the growth of higher plants or certain micro-organisms is used as a measure of soil fertility evaluation.

3.14. …………….are observed only after the crop has already suffered an irreversible loss.

4.1. Particle size distribution can be measured using ...........for particles larger than 0.05 mm or sand fraction.

4.2. Particle size distribution can be measured by ........... based on Mai law.

4.3. Particle size distribution can be estimated using sedimentation method which based on……….

4.4. The particles which have a diameter less than 0.002 mm refer to. ..... fraction.

4.5. The textural triangle is used to determine the soil textural class which consists of................ classes of soil texture.

4.6. The international unit of bulk density is …………..

4.7. The value of soil bulk density which restrict root growth in clay soil is......g/cm3.

4.8. The value of soil bulk density which restrict root growth in sandy soil is......g/cm3.

4.9. The pore size distribution refers to the………….. of pores which determines the function of the pores.

4.10. Soil porosity is .............. for soil as its bulk density =1.25 g/cm3 and its particle density =2.65 g/cm3

4.11. Infiltration rate is commonly used to determine irrigation systems as with a higher infiltration rate value, the………..........system may be designed.

4.12. ……………for clay soil is usually larger than sandy soil.

4.13. Infiltration rate is usually measured by ……………

4.14. Field capacity, wilting point, and total available water may be measured by

4.15. The values of field capacity, wilting point, and total available are related to ........