Results from a severe deficiency in kilocalories

Consuming too much protein from animal sources increase saturated fat intake

PEM is not caused by inadequate protein and/or kilocalorie intake

Severe protein deficiency

distinct in structure compared to other amino acids because its amino group is cyclical

Indole ring side chain, aromatic

hydrocarbon aromatic ring

Sulfur atom in side chain

The side chain imidazole group of histidine is a Heterocyclic aromatic amine

In amino acid, carboxyl group (-) and amino group (+) are charged at neutral pH.

The three-dimensional form of the antiparallel b-pleated sheet arrangement. The chains do fold back on each other but are in a fully extended conformation

a repetitive supersecondary structure formed when an antiparallel sheet doubles back on itself

created when ᵦ-sheets are extensive enough to fold back on themselves

an antiparallel sheet formed by a series of tight reverse turns connecting stretches of a polypeptide chain

the polypeptide backbone coils around an imaginary helix axis in clockwise direction

Disulfide (-S-S-) bonds between side chains of cysteines

Hydrogen bonding between polar side chains (e.g., Ser and Thr)

proteins which are folded to a more or less spherical shape

Proteins that do not fold correctly may interact with other proteins in an undesired manner and aggregates may result.

In the protein-dense environment of a cell, proteins may not begin to fold incorrectly or may associate with other proteins before folding is completed

Hydrophobic interactions are major factors in protein folding

contain polypeptide chains organized approximately parallel along a single axis

the arrangement in space of all atoms in a polypeptide chain

arrangement of monomer subunits with respect to each other

the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain, read from the N-terminal end to the C-terminal end

the polypeptide backbone is nearly fully extended

Isoelectric pH (pl) is the pH at which the majority of molecules of a compound in solution have no net charge

side chain is a guanidino group

side chain NH3 group is attached to an aliphatic hydrocarbon chain

side chain is an imidazole group

Thyroxine is found only in the thyroid gland

Hydroxylysine and Hydroxyproline are found only in a few connective tissues such as protein

For 19 of the 20, the α-amino group is primary; for proline, it is secondary

a compound that contains both an amino group and a carboxyl group

When the amino acid pool reaches capacity the amino acids are broken down to their component parts for other uses

Amino acids are transported to the liver from the intestines via the portal vein

Liver metabolizes amino acids, depending on bodily needs