The relationship between schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease is that

Anand is unable to move his right arm.  He has been to scores of physicians seeking a cure but none have been able to find any physiological reason for his paralysis.  Anand may be suffering from

Reni is sexually aroused by shoes.  Reni might be diagnosed as having

Which statement about bulimia is true?

Which kind of therapist is most likely to analyze a client’s dreams?

Coretta’s therapist says little during their sessions and never makes any recommendations about what Coretta ought to do.  What kind of therapy does Coretta’s therapist most likely practice?

Craig saw a behaviorist to treat his crippling test anxiety.  After a few months, Craig no longer experiences any fear when taking tests, however he has developed an obsessive-compulsive disorder.  According to psychoanalysts, Craig is experiencing

Systematic desensitization is to in vivo desensitization as

At his appointment with his therapist, Ivan explained that since he lost his job he has felt completely worthless and depressed.  WOTF statements would a strictly cognitive therapist be most likely to say?

Which process involves counterconditioning?

WOTF is used as a somatic therapy for depression?

AOTF methods of treatment are or may be based on classical conditioning principles EXCEPT

Maria has been in analysis for over a year.  Recently, she has begun to suspect that she has fallen in love with Dr. Chin, her analyst.  When she confesses her feelings, Dr. Chin is likely to tell Maria that she is experiencing

Jeb has been working for the same company for 3 years.  While his responsibilities have increased, his salary has not.  Every time he resolves to talk with his supervisor about a raise, he loses his nerve.  In therapy, Dr. Flores and her assistant demonstrate how Jeb might go about asking for a raise.  Then the assistant pretends to be Jeb’s boss, and Jeb practices asking for a raise.  Then, the assistant pretends to be Jeb’s boss, and Jeb practices asking for a raise.  This process most closely resembles

One difference between psychoanalytic and cognitive modes of treatment is that cognitive therapists

Which method of therapy is most eclectic?

Schizophrenia is most likely to be treated with

A common side effect of ECT is

An unanticipated result of the deinstitutionalization movement was a(n)

WOTF suggestions is most likely to reduce the hostility felt between antagonistic groups?

On Monday, Tanya asked her teacher to postpone Tuesday’s test until Friday.  After her teacher flatly refused, Tanya asked the teacher to push the test back one day, to Wednesday.  Tanya is using the strategy known as

In the Milgram studies, the dependent measure was the 

The tendency of people to look toward others for cues about the appropriate way to behave when confronted by an emergency is known as

Advertisements are made more effective when the communicators are

I. attractive.

II. famous.

III. perceived as experts.  

Your new neighbor seems to know everything about ancient Greece that your social studies teacher says during the first week of school.  You conclude that she is brilliant.  You do not consider that she might have already learned about ancient Greece in her old school.  You are evidencing

In Asch’s conformity study, approximately what percentage of participants gave at least one incorrect response?

 Janine has always hated the color orange.  However, once she became a student at Princeton, she began to wear a lot of orange Princeton Tiger clothing.  The discomfort caused by her long-standing dislike of the color orange and her current ownership of so much orange-and-black-and-black striped clothing is known as

When Pasquale had his first oboe solo in the orchestra concert, his performance was far worse than it was when he rehearsed at home.  A phenomenon that helps explain Pasquale's poor performance is known as  

Kelley’s attribution theory says that people use WOTF kinds of information in explaining events?

After your school’s football team has a big win, students in the halls can be heard saying “We are awesome.”  The next week, after the team loses to the last-place team in the league, the same students lament that “They were terrible.”  The difference in these comments illustrates

WOTF is the best example of prejudice?

On their second date, Megan confides in Francisco that she still loves to watch Rugrats.  He, in turn, tells her that he still cries when he watches Bambi.  These two young lovers will be brought together through this process of

On the first day of class, Mr. Simpson divides his class into 4 competing groups.  On the fifth day of school, Jody is sent to the principal for kicking members of the other groups.  Mr. Simpson can be faulted for encouraging the creation of

Rosenthal and Jacobson’s “Pygmalion in the Classroom” study showed that

Solomon Asch conducted a study in which individuals tried to match lines of the same length being displayed on cards. They performed this activity either by themselves or in a room with confederates who sometimes gave deliberately incorrect responses. Asch was studying

Scientists found a young woman who had memorized a dictionary and displayed other attributes of a “super memory.” They were interested in what factors may have contributed to her amazing abilities. So, they obtained permission to follow her around for a week; during that time, they looked at her daily activities: her diet, her exercise, her sleep habits, her reading habits, her hobbies, and her social and family relationships. These scientists were engaged in what form of research?

Neurotransmitters pass from neuron to neuron across a gap known as the

Suddenly and involuntarily falling asleep during daytime hours is referred to as

Which psychological approach provides many of the organizing principles of visual perception?

Learned helplessness is a result of what combination of factors?

In drive reduction theory, an individual’s behavior is supposed to bring about

Method of loci, peg-word system, and chunking are all examples of

It has been many years since Cassie first rode on a roller coaster, yet she continues to have vivid memories of that experience. This might be explained by the proximity of which two parts of the brain?

Marty referees high school basketball games. He knows that it is a difficult job and that players, coaches, and spectators are often unfairly critical of the referees. Nevertheless, when he attends his daughter’s games, he often yells at the referees. When someone brings up this behavior, Marty looks uncomfortable and then says: “If people pay their money for a ticket, they have a right to say whatever they want.” Marty’s response exemplifie

Assume that researchers have found that there is a strong inverse relationship between the amount of alcohol that college freshmen consume and their grade point averages. Which of the following is the likeliest correlation coefficient produced by this research?

Someone who is lacking empathy and, as a result, finds it easy to exploit others would be diagnosed with which personality disorder?

Martin is cleaning out a closet. There was something he wanted to reach on a top shelf, but he could not reach it and he finally gave up. It never occurred to him to use the hook end of the umbrella in the closet to reach this item. He only considered the umbrella useful for keeping rain off one’s head. Martin’s problem was

The center of emotion in the brain is the

Events that are very important and that create intense emotions, such as the Kennedy assassination in the 1960’s, the space shuttle Challenger explosion in the 1980’s, or 9/11 in 2001, often produce

 For the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, commonly abbreviated as DSM-5, the “5” refers to

Mason has sustained a stroke affecting the left side of his brain. While he can understand what is being said to him, he is unable to produce intelligible speech. Mason probably sustained damage to his

Wanda is in line at the post office. She observes another customer become angry with the postal worker at the window, yelling at him and accusing him of poor service. Wanda assumes that this is because the customer is a jerk. Wanda’s thinking is characteristic of

Some individuals come to believe that they have a physical characteristic that is grotesque or offensive to others, even when they are reassured by family and friends that this is not the case. Some of them have repeated plastic surgeries to address this perceived deformity and have been described as having an “addiction” to plastic surgery. There is no such “addiction” listed in DSM-5. In DSM-5, these individuals would probably be diagnosed with

Hans Selye studied animals’ responses to short-term and long-term stressors and he developed the general adaptation syndrome (GAS). The three phases of GAS are

Both the Big Five and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2-RF) rely on

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of a major depressive disorder?

The rules for how words are ordered in order to create meaningful sentences are called

According to Erik Erikson, the primary developmental task for young adults is to

In DSM-5, the term for what used to be called “Multiple Personality Disorder,” wherein individuals have two or more distinct personalities, often accompanied by amnesia regarding these transformations, is

 Subjects previously diagnosed with age-related cognitive impairment are being brought into the lab for a one-month drug study during which they will be given either an experimental medication or a placebo. Subjects will be tested at the outset and then at the end of the trial to see whether or not the medica- tion reduced the severity of their symptoms.  Which of the following is NOT an ethical consideration for the experimenters at the outset?

Subjects previously diagnosed with age-related cognitive impairment are being brought into the lab for a one-month drug study during which they will be given either an experimental medication or a placebo. Subjects will be tested at the outset and then at the end of the trial to see whether or not the medica- tion reduced the severity of their symptoms.  Which piece of data compiled on the subjects is NOT a categorical variable?

Subjects previously diagnosed with age-related cognitive impairment are being brought into the lab for a one-month drug study during which they will be given either an experimental medication or a placebo. Subjects will be tested at the outset and then at the end of the trial to see whether or not the medica- tion reduced the severity of their symptoms.  If the subjects do not know whether they are part of the experimental group (receiving the medication) or the control group (receiving the placebo), we can say that this study is

Sheila is a track coach, working with an athlete who has a personal best time of 5:20 in the mile. Sheila wants to get this time down to 5:00. She knows that this runner really enjoys massages provided by the training staff, but these can only occur with the coach’s consent. She thought about offering this runner a week’s worth of massages when the time got down to the goal. Instead, she has decided to authorize a massage each time the runner reduces her personal best by at least four seconds. What strategy is Sheila employing?

A student is very good at knowing which studying techniques work well for him and which do not. This is a result of his

A method of operant conditioning that encourages positive behaviors and that has proven successful, particularly in institutional settings, is known as a

When a neuron is excited by a chemical messenger, the change in electrical charge that must be reached in order to trigger an action potential is referred to as the

Francois needed to get a dozen items from the supermarket. However, when he got there, he discovered that he had left his list at home. In trying to shop from memory, he found that he remembered the items at the beginning of his list and those at the end of the list, but he had made errors on several of the items in the middle. What is the phenomenon that expresses the likelihood of this outcome?

Shoshanna has scored 115 on an IQ test with a normal distribution, a mean score of 100, and a standard deviation of 15 points. At approximately what percentile of test takers does she fall?

Harry and Margaret Harlow’s work with orphaned baby monkeys suggested that

Which of the following is NOT a recognized taste bud?

After our “fight-or-flight” system arouses our physiology to meet an external threat, which system returns us to homeostasis?

What accounts for the fact that most people will eat dessert at the end of an enormous Thanksgiving meal?

An accepted explanation of the bystander effect is that

When Marco seems sad and unmotivated, his parents take him to see a therapist. The therapist concludes that Marco is depressed because he has set unrealistically high expectations for himself. This therapist probably subscribes to the 

Margery, Olu, and Fred are each seeking a college scholarship based on foreign language proficiency. They must pass an oral exam in order to qualify.  Fred did not take this opportunity very seriously and showed up groggy for the exam after a late-night movie. Margery thought that this scholarship was crucial to her college plans, had been nervous about it for days, and drank an energy drink just before going in. Olu took the exam seriously, but did not feel stressed about the outcome; he believed that he had other available routes to college. When Olu had the best performance on the exam, this would most likely be explained by which of the following?

REM sleep is often referred to as paradoxical because

The semicircular canals in the inner ear are essential for

The most durable human behaviors are produced by which schedule of reinforcement?

A mouse in a Skinner box is receiving periodic electric shocks. If the mouse learns to press a lever to stop the shocks whenever they begin, what process is responsible for the increased lever pressing?

Hypnosis has proven most effective for what purpose?

In his stage theory of moral development, Kohlberg proposes three levels that correspond to which sorts of considerations as the individual matures?

When entering a crowded room with many conversations going on at roughly the same loudness level, individuals are often able to focus in on one conversation that interests them, to the exclusion of the others. What is the name of this phenomenon?

Which of the following was NOT a finding of Stanley Milgram’s Yale electric shock experiment?

Piaget theorized that children develop schemas, concepts about objects and ideas in the world around them. They then evaluate those schemas based on information from their daily experiences. When children found that this new information could fit into the schemas they had already developed, Piaget referred to this process as

Suchi is playing a video game in which visual and auditory inputs from space aliens flash onto the screen very quickly; the player must absorb this information and make immediate strategic decisions. This game primarily tests her

Researchers located at the campus of a major technology company in Silicon Valley wanted to assess employees’ attitudes toward the idea of increasing diversity among the company’s workforce. So, one day they stationed themselves at the entrance of the building that houses the web design department and they selected every fifth person entering the building. That person was led down the hall to a private room where he or she could complete a survey. These subjects were assigned code numbers so that their responses would not be personally identifiable. The researchers are now using their findings to make recommendations to the company’s board of directors. What is a possible flaw in this research methodology?

Ron was the track coach at a very diverse high school. Early on in the team’s practices, Ron mentioned that, in his experience, students of Scandinavian heritage did much better in sprints than in distance events. He had students run a variety of races for time. He found that the Scandinavian students were the only group that had worse times for distance events now than they had achieved during tryouts. Ron may have contributed to this outcome by way of

When Penelope is sitting on the bench watching her softball team play and one of her teammates hits a long fly ball into the outfield, it often seems as if the ball is the size of a pea as it heads to the fence. However, Penelope never loses her understanding of the true size of the softball. This is due to

Students were working on their AP Psychology textbooks. They were looking at a picture of a green, yellow, and black flag that looks oddly familiar. They were instructed to stare intently at a black dot in the middle of the flag and then immediately transfer their gaze to a white surface. When they did this, they were shocked to see a red, white, and blue American flag. This exercise was conducted to demonstrate the phenomenon of

Jackson has been traveling a great deal for business and suffering the effects of jet lag. He goes to the pharmacy and asks if there is an over-the-counter medication that can help reset his body clock and get his sleep schedule back on track. When the pharmacist recommends such a product, it will probably contain which chemical?

Scientists wish to determine which part of the brain becomes most active when people are confronted with a moral dilemma. After exposing a person to such a dilemma, which type of scanning technology should be used to investigate brain activity?

Braxton has great difficulty leaving his house. He can make it to his car in the driveway, but then he feels he needs to return to the house to check whether or not he locked the door, set the burglar alarm, closed all the windows, etc. Sometimes he will make as many as a dozen return trips and delay his departure by up to a half hour. What would Braxton’s disorder probably be classified as, and what would his “checking behaviors” be defined as?

Jamie was headed to the mall to do some last-minute holiday shopping. When she got to the parking lot, she saw a large group of motorcyclists assembled and she decided to immediately return home to avoid any possible trouble. When she got home, she turned on the TV news and saw a story about these very same motorcyclists raising money for the “Toys for Tots” campaign. The fact that her less-than-positive image of motorcyclists caused her to make a bad decision was an example of

Schachter and Singer’s two-factor theory states that the emotions we experience

Erin has always been told that she is a right brain dominant person and she accepts that assessment. As a result, she is actively exploring careers that emphasize

An automobile company buys advertising during football games on television. Its research indicates that most viewers are uninterested and even, sometimes, annoyed because their game is being interrupted. According to the elaboration likelihood model, what is the company’s best course of action if it wants to persuade these viewers to buy its cars?

Psychology students have a hypothesis that female performers are more sensitive to comments made on social media than are male performers. They decide to study performers in the college’s drama department. After performances, they plant comments, favorable or unfavorable, about the individual performances on social media sites that they know the performers follow. They periodically administer a reliable, well-regarded mood inventory to the performers and they track to see how the performers’ moods track with the comments. In this study, gender is

College students have started a chapter of PETA, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, on their campus. At the first meeting, they gave out a questionnaire, which indicated, not surprisingly, that the students in attendance strongly favored animal rights. After the group had been meeting for several months, the questionnaire was re-administered to the same students. The results indicated that the membership had become even more strongly in favor of animal rights. This illustrates which phenomenon?

“Miller’s magic number” (seven items, plus or minus two) refers to

Which of the following would be most important to the way that Carl Rogers would approach talk therapy?

Based on her research, Diana Baumrind identified which three types of parenting styles?

The Rorschach inkblots are an example of which type of personality test?

The most likely effect of chronic, long-term stress, like job-related stress, is to cause a person to

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of attention- deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Astronauts are using weighted vests to simulate the different levels of gravity that they will experience during their space flight. If they are trying to distinguish small differences in weight, Weber’s Law would dictate that they would perform this task better if

There is a scuba diving class being taught at the local YMCA. Students are taught about the equipment they will be using while they are in the swimming pool. They are taught about water pressure and medical issues while in a classroom. When they are tested at the end of the course, it is more likely that students will remember information about the scuba diving equipment if

At age 7, Kai had two passions: skateboarding and origami. He is now 15. He has continued to pursue skateboarding and his skills are now quite good. He gave up origami around age 9. When he recently tried to make a folded paper animal for his niece, he found that he could remember the necessary steps, but his skills had deteriorated badly. This discovery reveals

Chemicals that produce similar effects to those produced by opiates are called

A study was done concerning emotional expression among individuals who had been paralyzed from the neck down due to serious accidents, comparing them to individuals whose neuromuscular systems were intact. Which finding would most cast doubt on the James- Lange Theory of emotion?

Felipe intends to study the behavior of apes in their native African highlands. Rather than be near the apes himself, Felipe plans to use drones, which will be undetectable by the apes, to track the apes’ movements and living arrangements. Based on prior research, Felipe expects to find that the apes will organize themselves according to kinship roles rather than territorial disputes, food sources, terrain, or other factors. Which of the following poses the greatest threat to the validity of Felipe’s research?

Teresa has been diagnosed with nerve deafness. Which of the following medical procedures is most likely to restore Teresa’s functional hearing?

Which of the following is NOT a significant factor in one’s progression through the stages of psychosexual development, according to Sigmund Freud?

When a young child is asked what he did the previous day and his response is “I goed to the store with mommy,” this displays

Aaron Beck, the father of cognitive therapy, did his research on patients with depression. He found commonalities in that these individuals focused on

Many members of Benjamin’s family have had sleeping problems over the years and he has heard many discussions about these issues. He has watched these family members try a number of different remedies. When he was studying psychological disorders in his AP Psychology class, Benjamin found he did particularly well remembering information about sleep disorders. This was probably due to

Schizophrenia has both positive and negative symptoms. Which is an example of a positive symptom, and which is an example of a negative symptom, respectively?

Marta is enrolled in her first martial arts class. She would like to learn black belt skills immediately, but her instructor tells her that she needs to work her way up gradually. As a beginning white belt, she needs to work on the skills necessary to achieve a yellow belt. The instructor’s guidance would most likely be based on

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of, or an anticipated result of, Freudian psychoanalysis?

In order to address the obesity epidemic, a law was passed requiring restaurants to post the calorie counts of their menu offerings. Public health researchers wanted to know whether implementation of this law was changing the way that consumers made their dining decisions.  So, every weekend they set up tables at the community hiking/biking trail and randomly stopped people going by to have them answer questionnaires about their dining practices. After several months, they compiled the results and reported that over eighty percent of respondents were making food ordering decisions in restaurants based on the posted calorie counts. They concluded that the law was having the desired effect. Which of the following is the most significant flaw in this research methodology?

Robert has a great fear of snakes, so much so that he was unwilling to accompany his daughter’s scouting group on a camping excursion to the state park. (The state park has no poisonous snakes within its boundaries.) Robert is embarrassed by this and wants to get past his fear in time for this year’s camping trip. So, he has begun weekly sessions with Dr. Park, a psychologist. Initially, Dr. Park had Robert read some articles about snakes and look at some pictures of snakes. The next week, Robert watched videos of snakes common in their part of the state. The following week, they visited the reptile house at the local zoo. On each of these occasions, Dr. Park made sure that Robert was completely relaxed. This week, they will go to a pet store, where Robert can touch snakes in their cages. Dr. Park is employing what therapeutic method?

Philip Zimbardo explained the results of his Stanford Prison Experiment by attributing the bad behavior exhibited by some individuals toward other participants in the study to

Mary Ainsworth, in her strange situation experiments, differentiated between children who are securely attached and those who are insecurely attached. She attributed the level and type of attachment each child had to the

Psychologists at State University conducted a study of children who had been given up for adoption at birth and did not meet their biological parents. They restricted the subjects to those who remained with the same adoptive family from that point until age 18. When they looked at personality traits, they found, to their surprise, that their subjects displayed more in common with their biological parents than with their adoptive parents. This provided powerful evidence for

Rodrigo watches as his friend Phil goes through the cafeteria line every day at lunch. Phil is very nice to the workers on the lunch line and they often reward him with extra servings of food. Rodrigo is planning to emulate Phil’s behavior in the future. Rodrigo is experiencing

When Congress considers movie ratings or warning labels on music lyrics, reference is often made to Albert Bandura’s Bobo doll experiments. That is because these experiments stand for the proposition that

Many psychological disorders display co-morbidity; that is, they are often linked with other disorders. People who suffer from panic disorder are often unaware of what brought about their attacks; therefore, they do not know what “triggers” to avoid. This may result in co-morbidity with what disorder causes people to stay at home for fear that they will create a scene in public?

Assume that Pavlov had many bells, each with a different pitch, available to use in his Classical Conditioning experiments. However, he only brought food to his dogs after a certain pitch bell was rung and, as a result, he trained the dogs to salivate only after that particular bell was rung. He would have been most clearly demonstrating what principle?

Which of the following is NOT one of the levels of Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Often, in fictional works, when a main character is faced with a difficult decision, the following occurs: a devil pops up on one shoulder and encourages this individual to engage in a risky, if pleasurable, activity. An angel pops up on the other shoulder and tells him all of the ethical reasons that he should not engage in this behavior. Then, the character needs to decide on a course of action based on the real risks and benefits. Freud referred to these three components of the psyche (the “devil,” the “angel,” and the “decider,” respectively) as the

Sigmund Freud identified several of his patients as suffering from anxiety or other problems that had led to physical symptoms, such as loss of use of a limb (in his terms, “hysterical paralysis”) or loss of use of a sense (in his terms, “hysterical blindness”). Today, under the DSM-5, we would likely refer to the condition of such patients as

Anthropologists discover that inhabitants of a remote Pacific island have relatively few words in their language describing color. If they also find that these islanders do not spend very much time thinking about or assessing color in their environment, this would support which idea?

Descriptive statistics, like mean, median, and mode, summarize data and tell us how it is distributed. Inferential statistics

A factory called in efficiency experts to assess how the assembly line could work better. The efficiency experts spent time at the factory, observed workers on the job, and then made recommendations. Sure enough, productivity increased. Once the efficiency experts left, however, productivity declined. The experts returned and made more recommendations. Productivity again increased, but also decreased again once the experts left. This process kept repeating itself. Ultimately, it was concluded that what caused the productivity increases was not the experts’ recommendations, but rather their presence on-site observing the workers. This is referred to as

A good example of negative punishment would be