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WorksheetsBIOL 112: Principles of Biology II: 4: A Tour of the Cell: TYU
Total questions: 41
Worksheet time: 21mins
Which of these is the simplest unit of life?
tissue
organ
molecules
cell
None of the listed responses is correct.
A researcher wants to film the movement of chromosomes during cell division. Which type of microscope should be chosen and why?
light microscope, because of its high resolving power
transmission electron microscope, because of its high magnifying power
transmission electron microscope, because of its high resolving power
light microscope, because the specimen is alive
scanning electron microscope, because of its ability to visualize the surface of subcellular objects
Cell fractionation _______.
is no longer used in modern cell biology
requires the use of a scanning electron microscope
uses strong acids to break apart cells
separates cells into their smallest component parts
None of the listed responses is correct.
Consider two cells with the same volume but with very different surface areas due to differences in their shapes. The cell with the larger surface area is likely to ______.
have a very high metabolic rate
be buried deep in the interior of an organism
be nearly spherical in shape
be a prokaryotic cell
be involved in the rapid uptake of compounds from the cell's environment
Which is/are likely to limit the maximum size of a cell?
the shape of the cell
the cell's surface-to-volume ratio
the time it takes a molecule to diffuse across a cell
diffusion time, surface area-to-volume ratio, and shape
None of the choices is correct.
Which structure is found in eukaryotic, but not prokaryotic, cells?
mitochondria
cytosol
ribosomes
plasma membrane
plasma membrane
A substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must pass through ______.
a microtubule
a ribosome
the plasma membrane
the endomembrane system
the nucleus
In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells can synthesize proteins but prokaryotic cells cannot.
Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic cells are much more successful than prokaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized, which allows for specialization.
Eukaryotic cells lack many of the organelles found in prokaryotes.
Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Unlike a typical eukaryotic cell they _______.
have no ribosomes
lack membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm
lack a plasma membrane
have a smaller nucleus
lack chromosomes
Which feature do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common?
mitochondria, cytoplasm, plasma membrane
nucleus, plasma membrane, ribosomes
mitochondria, ribosomes, cytoplasm
ribosomes, plasma membrane, cytoplasm
ribosomes, nucleus, plasma membrane
In addition to the fundamental structures required to be defined as a cell, which cell type(s) also has/have a nucleus and chloroplasts?
a cell from the intestinal lining of a cow
a bacterium
a protist cell and a plant cell
a yeast (fungus) cell
a cell from a pine tree
A dish of animal cells was grown in the presence of radioactive phosphorous. The phosphorous largely ended up in nucleotides. In which cellular structure(s) would you predict the majority of the radioactive phosphorous to accumulate?
the nucleus
the Golgi apparatus
rough endoplasmic reticulum
rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus
the Golgi apparatus and the nucleus
What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane?
The nuclear pores are connections between the nuclear membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum that permit ribosomes to assemble on the surface of the ER.
The nucleolus contains messenger RNA (mRNA), which crosses the nuclear envelope through the nuclear pores.
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane is produced in the nucleolus and leaves the nucleus through the nuclear pores.
Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores.
None of the listed responses is correct.
Which group is primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell?
lysosomes, vacuoles, and ribosomes
smooth endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, and vacuole
vacuole, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
rough endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, and vacuole
ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Which structures will not necessarily increase in abundance in pancreatic cells that begin to secrete large amounts of digestive enzymes?
transport vesicles
rough endoplasmic reticulum
free cytoplasmic ribosomes
Golgi apparatus
All of the listed responses will increase in pancreatic cells secreting digestive enzymes.
Which category best fits the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
energy processing
breakdown of complex foods
manufacturing
structural support of cells
information storage
You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to _____.
store large quantities of ions
secrete a lot of protein
absorb nutrients in the GI tract
make a lot of ATP
move rapidly
A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum and eventually found in a cell's plasma membrane. The protein in the plasma membrane was actually slightly different from the protein made in the ER. The protein was probably altered in the ________.
plasma membrane
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
transport vesicles
rough endoplasmic reticulum
Consider a protein that is made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. When the synthesis of the protein is complete, the protein is located in the ER membrane. Where else in the cell might this protein be found?
embedded in the plasma membrane, functioning in the transport of molecules into the cell
in the internal space of the Golgi apparatus, being modified before the protein is excreted
in a mitochondrion, functioning in ATP synthesis
in the cytoplasm, functioning as an enzyme in carbohydrate synthesis
in the aqueous interior of a lysosome, functioning as a digestive enzyme
Which is/are most likely to be involved in the process of producing proteins for a chloroplast or mitochondrion?
transport vesicles
the Golgi apparatus
rough endoplasmic reticulum
free cytoplasmic ribosomes
rough endoplasmic reticulum
A protein that ultimately functions in the plasma membrane of a cell is most likely to have been synthesized ______.
in the rough endoplasmic reticulum
on free cytoplasmic ribosomes
in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
in the ribosomes of the mitochondria
in the plasma membrane
Which of these membranes are likely to have a lipid composition that is most distinct from the others?
endoplasmic reticulum
plasma membrane
Golgi apparatus
lysosome membrane
mitochondrial outer membrane
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are thought to have started as prokaryotes. One piece of support for this hypothesis is these organelles prokaryotic-type ribosomes. These ribosomes are probably most similar to ribosomes found ______.
free in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes
on the rough ER
in bacterial cells
Which statement about chloroplasts and mitochondria is true?
Mitochondria, but not chloroplasts, contain a small amount of DNA.
Chloroplasts and mitochondria have three sets of membranes.
Chloroplasts and mitochondria synthesize some of their own proteins.
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are components of the endomembrane system.
Chloroplasts, but not mitochondria, are completely independent of the cell of which they are a part.
Which is a possible reason for grouping the peroxisomes with chloroplasts and mitochondria?
They all contain DNA and make some of their own proteins.
They all contain two or more membranes.
They are all part of the plastid family of organelles.
They are all involved in ATP synthesis.
None of these organelles are part of the endomembrane system.
Which type of cell will have have the most mitochondria? (Section 4.5)
photosynthetic cells in the leaves of a tree
inactive yeast cells that are stored for future use
muscle cells in the legs of a marathon runner
nondividing cells in the skin on your finger
bacterial cells that are growing on sugars
Which of these is a false statement?
Mitochondria have more than one membrane.
The folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane are called cristae.
Mitochondria are involved in energy metabolism.
The mitochondria possess their own DNA.
Mitochondria contain ribosomes in the intermembrane space.
The observation that chloroplasts and mitochondria each contain their own DNA and synthesize some of the proteins that function in these organelles suggests that chloroplasts and mitochondria ________.
are involved in energy metabolism of the cell
must divide each time the cell containing them divides
contain two or more membranes
are part of the endomembrane system
are produced by the nucleus of the cell
Which is/are possible site(s) of protein synthesis in a typical eukaryotic cell?
the cytoplasm
the rough endoplasmic reticulum
in mitochondria
Which organelle might be found inside other organelles?
ribosomes
mitochondria
transport vesicles
the nucleolus
No organelles are found inside of other organelles.
Microtubules and microfilaments commonly work with what to perform many of their functions?
lysosomes
ribosomes
Golgi apparatus
RNA
None of the listed responses is correct.
Which structure is found in animal cells but not in plant cells?
centrioles
rough endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondria
plasma membrane
Golgi apparatus
Which statement about the cytoskeleton is true?
Microtubules are chains of proteins that resist stretching.
Intermediate filaments are hollow tubes of protein that provide structural support.
Microfilaments are more permanent structures in cells compared to intermediate filaments and microtubules.
Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm.
Plant cells lack a cytoskeleton because they have a rigid cell wall.
Cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of the cytoskeleton with what?
actin
mitochondria
tubulin
pseudopodia
motor proteins
Where would you expect to find proteins involved with movement of structures within a cell?
transport vesicles moving from the ER to the Golgi
cytoskeleton
muscles
ribosomes
plasma membrane
Basal bodies are most closely associated with which of the following cell components?
the central vacuole
Golgi apparatus
mitochondria
nucleus
cilia
Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through _______.
a plasmodesma
a cell wall
a tight junction
a gap junction
a microtubule
Which correctly compares the extracellular matrix (ECM) of animal cells to cell walls of plant cells?
Both the ECM and the plant cell wall are composed of varying mixtures of proteins and carbohydrates.
Cell walls and ECMs provide for tight contact between adjacent cells.
The ECM and plant cell walls completely cover the plasma membrane of their respective cells.
The structures that are external to the plasma membrane are essentially independent of the plasma membrane in both groups.
Both the ECM and plant cell walls provide rigid structures that determine the shape of their respective cells.
Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why?
The intestinal cells are bound together by plasmodesmata.
The intestinal cells are bound together by the extracellular matrix.
The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions.
The intestinal cells are fused together into one giant cell.
The intestinal cells are bound together by gap junctions.
Which statement correctly describes characteristic shared by plant cell walls and an animal cell extracellular matrices?
Both are permeable to water and small solutes.
Both are synthesized in the ER and Golgi apparatus.
Both are composed primarily of carbohydrates.
The walls of plant cells are largely composed of polysaccharides and proteins that are synthesized ________.
in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
externally to the plasma membrane
in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the Golgi apparatus
in the Golgi apparatus
in the rough endoplasmic reticulum
