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WorksheetsWorld Civilizations II - Final Exam Study Guide
Total questions: 132
Worksheet time: 33hrs 0mins
What alloy is created by mixing copper with other metals, such as arsenic or zinc?
Iron
Steel
Tin
Bronze
How did Homo erectus differ from modern humans?
Homo erectus had a slightly smaller brain size than modern humans.
Homo erectus had no capacity for making and using tools.
Homo erectus lived in larger groups than modern humans.
Homo erectus shared food preparation and gathering.
With which group did Hernán Cortés establish an alliance?
The Aztecs
The Tlaxcalans
The Taino
The Incas
What did the philosophy of Stoicism strongly emphasize?
Personal achievement
The acceptance of Tyche or chance
The ability to endure suffering
Living a virtuous life
What species of animal did humans first domesticate, around 15,000 years ago?
Sheep
Dogs
Cattle
Horses
What evidence is contained in this illustration of Empress Theodora and her court to contradict historian Procopius's assertion that she was demonic, greedy, and vicious?
Her headpiece is opulent.
She appears to be stealing a chalice from one of the priests.
Her head is surrounded by a halo.
Her attendants appear to be distressed.
Why did the civilization of Ghana develop in the southern portion of Wagadou?
Muslims had already settled there and built urban centers.
The king of Ghana had a vision from his god to settle there.
The Mandinka people had recently left, and the land was empty.
Only the southern part received enough rainfall to be agriculturally productive.
This image provides evidence for which of the following educational norms during the Middle Ages?
Lectures were typically frowned upon as a method of instruction.
Females were deemed intellectually inferior to males.
Students and instructors were typically adorned with matching robes.
Pupils were expected to be active participants in lecture sessions.
What happened to the father of Temujin (or Chinggis Khan)?
He was killed by his wife.
He was captured and enslaved by a rival.
No one knows because his story is lost.
He was poisoned by a rival.
Scholars have identified the natives first encountered by Columbus as peoples from what indigenous group?
Taino
Olmecs
Mexica
Tlaxcalans
What evidence is there in this illustration of European influence on the Incas?
The Europeans introduced cattle to the New World.
The women in this painting are wearing European-style clothing.
The painting itself is representative of Renaissance-era art.
The women have European-inspired hairstyles.
How did Confucian scholars seek to make the Confucian classics more useful?
Made them freely available to all
Published them in inexpensive editions
Revised them
Wrote commentaries on them
On what basis did the bishops of Rome claim authority over other bishops?
The bishopric of Rome was the first diocese created by Constantine.
The Nicene Creed was promulgated and approved in Rome.
The bishops of Rome were the best-educated churchmen.
The apostle Peter lived in Rome, and the bishops of Rome were his successors.
How was Khubilai related to Chinggis Khan?
Nephew
Father
Grandson
Brother
What did the Spanish discover at Potosí in the sixteenth century?
Large veins of gold
Silver, in large quantities
Silkworms
Several mines with a plentiful supply of iron ore
Place the three major Greek philosophers in correct chronological order, from earliest to latest.
Plato, Socrates, Aristotle
Socrates, Aristotle, Plato
Plato, Aristotle, Socrates
Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
Who worked the land owned by the king, nobles, and temples in ancient Sumer?
Hired laborers
Priests in training
Free farmers and slaves
Scribes and soldiers
Humanist and Renaissance ideas of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries were spread by what new technology?
Telegraph
Paper
Stirrups
Printing press
What is the system of rule in which Japanese emperors abdicated but continued to exercise power through surrogates?
Screened government
Cloistered government
Second government
Hidden power
What Chinese dynasty was founded in 581?
Qin
Sui
Ming
Han
What was an important difference between the political systems of the Romans and Greeks?
Some Greek city-states had monarchies, while Roman city-states never did.
Rome extended citizenship to its conquered peoples, while the Greeks did not.
Rome had written laws, while no Greek city-states did.
Greeks endured civil war, while Romans did not.
Which of the following was one of many important factors in encouraging the expeditions of the late fifteenth century?
The lack of natural resources in Europe and the need to find alternative sources
Religious fervor sparked by the success of the reconquista
An economic crisis in Europe
Religious disillusionment and frustration with the church
How have Chinese historians traditionally viewed Chinese history?
As centering on conflict with Japan
As repeating cycles of dynastic birth, vigor, and decline
As one of uninterrupted progress
As a battle against a strong central state
Ethiopia was the first black African society that
moved from being predominately Christian to Islamic.
built mosques.
can be studied from written records.
allowed Arab men to legally marry African women.
Some of the materials used in the Harappan jewelry pictured here are indicative of the
style of jewelry likely worn throughout the Indus Valley as well as neighboring territories.
influence of ancient Chinese civilization.
materials in which the Harappans likely traded.
lack of skilled craftsmanship among the Harappans.
What percentage of those tried and executed as witches were women?
10 to 20
30 to 40
45 to 55
75 to 85
According to the Book of Documents, what did a ruler have to do to retain the Mandate of Heaven?
Govern in the best interests of the people
Expand his territorial holdings
Remain humble and discreet
Make sacrifices to the gods
Which of the following helped ensure the survival and security of the Byzantine capital at Constantinople for centuries?
Lack of a powerful, unified enemy on its borders
Its massive triple walls, well maintained over centuries
The pervasive popularity of Christianity in the region
The city's location at the headwaters of the Tiber River
Why did Alexander's eastward expansion of his empire stop at the Hyphasis River?
His Macedonian army refused to continue fighting.
The powerful Indian army defeated the Macedonians.
The Persian army attacked him from the west.
His spiritual advisers warned of unfavorable omens.
How did Gaozu change the centralized government created by the Qin?
He disbanded the army.
He gave most imperial powers back to local rulers.
He reduced taxes.
He abandoned its bureaucratic structure.
Where did the Olmec civilization flourish?
In the high mountains of South America
In the coastal lowlands of Mexico
In the flat plains of northern Mexico
In interior valleys of Central America
By 1500, Portugal controlled the flow of what lucrative product to Europe?
Indian sugar and spices
Persian silk
Brazilian silver
African gold
In the photograph "Gandharan Frieze Depicting the Buddha's Enlightenment," the serene appearance of the Buddha, despite being surrounded by enemies, is evidence of his having attained which of the following?
Noble status
Eternal life
Enlightenment
Rebirth
What happened to the students who prepared for Song civil service exams?
The majority never passed to become government officials.
They usually stayed in the lower levels of the emperor's administration.
Those from poor backgrounds were passed over for positions as government officials.
They were all but guaranteed to pass.
Which of the following was true of Byzantine medicine?
It was less advanced than Byzantine work in other sciences.
It resulted in an understanding of the connection between sanitation and disease.
It led to practical treatment for the "Justinian plague."
It was more advanced than medicine in western Europe.
The coronation of Charlemagne as emperor caused a decisive break between western Europe and what empire?
The Abbasid
The Byzantine
The Sassanid
The Umayyad
Which of the following principles was central to Calvin's theology?
Free will
Predestination
Christian liberty
Justification by good works
Sustained agriculture in Sumer relied on which of the following?
Naturally occurring irrigation ditches that helped water the crops
Man-made irrigation systems
Constant annual rainfall that irrigated the fields
An abundance of labor to work the fields
Approximately how many Africans were forced, according to the estimate of scholars, into the trans-Saharan slave trade between 650 and 1500?
1 million
2 million
4 million
8 million
Who invaded and looted the Delhi sultanate in 1398?
Timur
Chinggis Khan
Ögödei
Khubilai Khan
Which of the following was true of the Aryans?
They were the native people of the Ganges Valley.
They were a warrior people who destroyed the Indus civilization.
They put an end to the strict Harappan caste system.
They spoke an Indo-European language.
Military rule in Japan emerged from the combination of a native warrior tradition and what else?
The impact of Korean invasions
Confucian ethical principles of duty to superiors
The rise of a civil service class
The influence of an aristocratic court
According to the Upanishads, what is moksha?
Human reincarnation as a lower animal
A cleansing fire ritual for women after childbirth
Release from the wheel of life and freedom from reincarnation
The cosmic tally of one's deeds
Approximately when did the Chinese begin to practice agriculture?
9000 B.C.E.
5000 B.C.E.
1000 B.C.E.
750 B.C.E.
What did the Mongols force the Goryeo leader(s) to do in the thirteenth century?
Adopt Mongol names and customs
Abdicate in favor of a Mongol king
Move to Beijing
Join forces with the Mongol army and invade China
What happened after the Maya abandoned their cultural and ceremonial centers?
Maya civilization declined and disappeared.
The Maya preserved their culture by living in small farming communities.
The Moche moved in and established their own civilization.
The Maya were enslaved by the Aztecs.
What term describes a crop that has been modified by selective breeding?
Trained
Marketed
Domesticated
Husbanded
How did Rome solve the problem of feeding its growing population?
Emperors provided free bread, oil, and wine to the population.
Leaders started subsidizing the cost of basic commodities.
Emperors combined small tenant farms into huge agricultural operations.
The Senate forced thousands of residents out of the city to colonize the frontiers.
What was the main feature of the reform program proposed by Tiberius Gracchus?
To provide free bread to the poor of Rome
To redistribute public land to poor Romans
To abolish the class distinctions of patricians and plebeians
To establish colonies populated by ex-soldiers and their families
What are the collections of sayings of or anecdotes about Muhammad called?
Hadith
Ulema
Shari'a
Madrasa
What is the ultimate goal of Hinduism?
Wealth and earthly prosperity
Becoming a priest
Union with Brahman
Physical immortality
What did Hippocrates think was the best way to treat illnesses?
Pray that the evil spirits would leave
Use bloodletting and other invasive techniques to remove evil spirits from the body
Use natural means to address imbalances in the four basic humors
Offer more sacrifices to the gods
In what year did Muhammad die?
632
751
569
815
According to texts found in Shang royal tombs, what important role did Shang kings fulfill?
They were also philosophers.
They were considered to be gods.
They were the dynasty's most important merchants.
They were military chieftains.
What was the most powerful position a woman could hold in medieval society?
Teacher
Wife of the king
Healer
Abbess
Horticulture refers to the growing of plants using what tool?
Clubs
Plows
Digging sticks
Sickles
Of all the ways that Renaissance society was hierarchically divided, what was regarded as the most "natural" distinction and therefore the most important one to defend?
Gender
Race
Level of education
Social class
According to the text, the Qur'an's injunctions regarding the treatment of women
restricted their freedom substantially compared to earlier Arab tradition.
implied that women were spiritually superior to men.
were determined strictly by the sexual needs of men.
were a substantial improvement on earlier treatment of women in Arab societies.
What did an Aztec warrior have to do to earn the title of iyac?
Capture a town single-handedly
Defeat a fellow Aztec in battle
Capture a prisoner for ritual sacrifice
Win a series of athletic contests
Based on Map 15.2, "Religious Divisions in Europe, ca. 1555," which religious faith likely exercised the biggest influence on the Dutch colonists who migrated to the New World in the early seventeenth century?
Calvinism
Lutheranism
The Church of England
Catholicism
The Hebrews created a monarchy with Saul as leader by fighting what other Palestinian people in the eleventh century B.C.E.?
Philistines
Phoenicians
Egyptians
Assyrians
According to Map 12.1, "East Asia in 1000 and 1200," which region in East Asia experienced the least impact from the territorial changes that occurred between 1000 and 1200?
Song China
Tangut
Champa
Liao
Which of the following were major exports from Greek cities during the classical and Hellenistic periods?
Gold and precious stones
Olive oil and wine
Feta cheese and lamb
Silks and pearls
According to Map 14.2, "The Crusades, 1096–1270," which crusade route was the only one to make contact with the region undergoing reconquista?
The First Crusade
The Fourth Crusade
The Crusade of Frederick II
The Third Crusade
What did Romans, like the Persians, do once they conquered an area?
They killed the men and took the women as slaves.
They built large temples to please the gods and ensure success.
They forced the men to serve in the Roman military.
They built roads to facilitate communication and trade.
What empire was defeated by the Muslim army at the Battle of Nihawand and ended in 642?
Visigothic
Byzantine
Afghanistan
Sassanid
Which of the following refers to heavily armed Greek foot soldiers?
Hoplites
Acropolis
Chora
Legionaries
According to Map 1.1, "Human Migration in the Paleolithic and Neolithic Eras," low sea levels were likely what enabled to migrate into which part of the world?
North America
South America
Europe
Northern Asia
Why were dhimmis, or protected people, allowed some religious freedom?
They controlled major trade routes.
They worshiped only one God.
They greatly outnumbered the Muslims.
They were generally uneducated and weak.
This map of the Fatimid caliphate provides evidence of what process in the Muslim world that began as early as the eighth century?
Incorporation of neighboring peoples
Political fragmentation
Expansion of cultural influence
Growing naval power
What did Paleolithic peoples believe about dead members of their kinship groups?
That the dead were gone forever
That deceased family members were still with them
That the dead became new gods
That the dead would return one day
Which Buddhist school of thought appealed to laypeople during the Tang era?
Theravada school
Chan school
Zen school
Pure Land school
According to Map 5.2, "Greek Colonization, ca. 750–550 B.C.E.," how did Greek colonization routes mimic those of the Phoenicians?
Their migratory routes typically flowed in an easterly direction.
The most important settlements were in the region of Syria.
They largely avoided contact with the coastline of North Africa.
Their primary route was along the coastlines of the Mediterranean Sea.
Which of the following was a focus of the religious movement known as Sufism?
A personal spiritual experience rather than merely study of the Qur'an
The interests of women
The overthrow of the caliphate
Knowledge through rational deduction and the rejection of the mysticism of other major religions of the time
On whom did early Christian missionaries to the barbarians initially concentrate their conversion efforts?
Urban residents
Pagan priests
Rural peasants
Members of royal families
The Inquisition established by Isabella and Ferdinand in Spain was particularly aimed at whom?
Humanist scholars who opposed the king's policies
Conversos
Tax collectors
Educated women
Who established the Nam Viet kingdom in the third century B.C.E.?
A Buddhist monk
A Confucian scholar
A former Qin general
A Viet prince
The term forager is now used by historians instead of what traditional term?
Hunter-gatherer
Stone-age man
Caveman
First people
Among the Asante in modern-day Ghana and the Yoruba in modern-day Nigeria, what figure held power equal to or even greater than the king?
The chief priest
The son of the king
The Queen Mother
The wife of the king
What was one of the Carolingians' disadvantages when faced with Viking attacks?
They lacked money for supplies.
They suffered because they lacked a navy to fight Viking ships.
They relied on the gods to intercede and save them.
They had inadequate military equipment made of inferior metals.
What was chivalry?
A code of conduct to govern the behavior of knights
A medieval fighting style
A form of entertainment engaged in only by women
The annual agricultural production goal of peasants
Which of these best describes the Holy Roman Empire?
An absolute monarchy
A theocracy
A loose confederation
A highly centralized state
Whose sayings were collected in the work known as the Analects?
Sun Wu
Mencius
Confucius
Xunzi
Harappan craftsmen are the first known producers of what cloth?
Wool
Linen
Cotton
Silk
Who founded the Umayyad Dynasty?
Mu'awiya
Ali
Uthman
Umar
How was the New Kingdom different from the previous Middle and Old Kingdoms?
Pharaohs increasingly tried to ensure peace because they realized war was too expensive.
In response to multiple social problems, pharaohs encouraged more religious activities.
Egyptians now focused more on trade than on farming because the Nile became unpredictable.
Egyptians now focused more on conquest of new territories and created the first Egyptian empire.
What did Inca emperors force conquered peoples to do to unify their empire?
To accept Inca, the royal name
To send their children to be raised in the capital
To wear an Inca clothing style
To use Quechua, the Inca language
How did the geography of Greece affect its development?
It had little impact on the development of Greek society.
It enabled a strong central government to dominate the political order.
It helped to unite the Greek city-states.
It was a divisive force in Greek life.
The Sumerian mathematical system was based on units of sixty, ten, and six and survives in what modern system?
Calculus
Musical notation
Time measurement
Square roots
While atrocities were committed by both Catholics and Protestants during the wars of religion, what evidence is there in this illustration to suggest it was created by a Protestant?
The inclusion of priests overseeing the killing
The particularly violent means through which victims were killed
The large number of victims
The clear superiority in numbers and weapons of the aggressors
Han coins and jewelry were usually made of what metal?
Bronze
Iron
Gold
Silver
According to Map 2.3, "The Assyrian and Persian Empires, ca. 1000–500 B.C.E.," at its height which of the following regions fell within the boundaries of the Persian Empire?
Greece
Macedonia
The Arabian peninsula
Babylonia
Which year marked the beginning of a unified China under the Qin state?
206 C.E.
581 C.E.
221 B.C.E.
764 C.E.
How did the Song improve the compass?
By using a magnetic needle
By floating the needle in water
By making it small enough to wear
By making it smaller, attaching it to a stem, and putting it in a protective case
In the seventh century, who ultimately defeated the Eastern Turks?
Xiongnu
Tang Dynasty
Byzantines
Western Turks
According to Map 9.2, "The Expansion of Islam and Its Trading Networks in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries," which of the following was the northernmost river reached by Islamic traders by the year 1500?
Volga
Dnieper
Danube
Nile
Which of the following was true of Spartan men in the Archaic period?
They saw their wives as partners and equals.
They viewed military service as a necessary evil.
Their most meaningful relationships were same-sex ones.
They valued family above all else.
Arianism was condemned by Constantine at what council in 325?
Nicaea
Tours
Rome
Athens
How did the Song prevent the Khitans from invading?
They expanded the Great Wall.
They launched an invasion against the Khitans before they could attack.
They formed an alliance with the Jin.
They paid the Khitans tribute to prevent attacks.
What did Paul of Tarsus advocate with regard to Christian ideals?
That Christ's teachings should be proclaimed to all
That Christianity should be used to defeat Rome
That Christ's message applied only to Jews
That Christians should avoid contact with pagans
Which of the following is an estimate of the native population of the Americas in 1492?
250 million
100 million
75 million
50 million
From where did the Srivijayan rulers of Sumatra draw their ideas on governing?
India
Vietnam/Funan
The Khmer Empire
China's Tang Dynasty
In 1095, which pope called for a Christian holy war against the infidels?
Gregory XII
Alexander II
Leo IX
Urban II
How were children educated in ancient Israel?
Education was left up to the father.
Education took place in organized schools.
Boys and girls attended school at the local temple.
Education was a responsibility of both parents.
Hammurabi's code allowed a man to have a concubine under what circumstances?
Any, provided he wanted one
If his wife approved
If his wife could not bear him children
If he could afford to pay the concubine's family
According to the Qur'an, men and women
are equal in Allah's eyes.
should engage in sexual relations only for procreation.
could divorce each other quite easily.
ought to live entirely separate lives.
With whom did the pope form an alliance as a result of the iconoclastic controversy?
The Byzantine emperor
The Frankish monarchy
Arian Christians
Persian Muslims
The plays of Sophocles emphasized the precedence of which of the following over human law and customs?
Family needs
Personal happiness
Military success
Divine law
What material was used for writing in Mesopotamia?
Animal bones
Papyrus
Soft clay
Parchment
What was a consequence in Europe of Marco Polo's travels to China?
His writings inspired Europeans to try to conquer China.
He convinced the pope to dispatch a mission to convert the Chinese.
He was jailed for serving Khubilai Khan.
His writings helped convince Europeans that Asia was a land of riches.
The thinker Xunzi argued that
people will always be corrupted by experience.
human nature is fundamentally good.
there is no point in trying to change human nature.
people are born selfish and greedy but can be trained to be good.
According to Maps 4.1 and 4.2, which of the following is likely true of the Zhou Dynasty?
They found trade to be difficult.
They inherited the traditions of Neolithic culture.
They often came into contact with peoples from Mesopotamia.
They housed numerous urban settlements.
The earliest Indian civilization developed along what river?
Nile
Euphrates
Ganges
Indus
What, according to Roman jurists, was ius naturale?
A council composed of lifetime appointments that oversaw the military
Statutes that regulated the lives of citizens, especially in property
Rules that governed the behavior of all humans based on reason rather than customs
A patriotic slogan meant to infer a close link between the Senate and the people
How is the term species generally defined?
A group of organisms that can communicate with one another
A group of organisms that will share food with one another
A group of organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring
A group of organisms that originate from a different ancestor
From what material were the tools of Shang farmers made?
Bronze
Stone
Iron
Wood
During Ghana's heyday, what were the Mandinka known for?
Creating a rival kingdom that overthrew Ghana
Remaining seminomadic and nonagricultural
Converting to Islam and trading with Arabs
Acting as middlemen in the gold and salt trades
Which of the following was one of the central ideals of the Italian Renaissance?
Christian humility and self-effacement
Concern for the improvement of the common people
Recognition of individual achievement
The desire to educate the rural masses
In most Neolithic communities, which group of people were the first to work out formal codes of law?
Craftsmen
Priests
Warriors
Farmers
What did Jesus teach regarding women?
He taught that women were almost always inferior to men.
He believed and taught that women were a constant source of temptation.
He taught that women were equal to men.
He taught that no matter what happened, women could not achieve salvation.
In 727 B.C.E., King Piye conquered and unified Egypt from his home kingdom of
Kush.
Phoenicia.
Persia.
Babylonia.
What was the religious policy of the Gupta emperors?
They were Hindu but tolerated all faiths.
They persecuted Buddhists.
They encouraged the adoption of Islam.
They demanded that their subjects be Hindus.
What place did concubines have in Chinese families in Song China?
They held more authority in families than did wives.
They were subordinate to wives, and their children were only recognized if the wife failed to bear children.
Wives enjoyed the freedom a concubine gave them, so jealousy from wives was very unusual.
Wives outranked concubines, but the children born to concubines and wives held equal status.
The village of Nok in Nigeria is famed for which of the following metallurgic skills?
Bronze casting
Goldsmithing
Silver mining
Ironworking
According to Map 10.1, "The Geography of Africa," which of the following best describes the climatic conditions through most of the African continent?
Desert
Tropical
Sub-desert
Highland
How did the Maya survive their arid environment?
They used irrigation canals.
They dug deep wells.
They hauled water from the coast.
They found water in deep natural wells.
What does the phrase Roma et Augustus mean?
It is the title of a historical account of Augustus's reign by Tacitus.
It is an epic poem of Augustus's deeds written by Virgil.
It means that the empire was divinely ordained.
It refers to the cult of the emperor and the state.
What was the official religion of Sassanid Persia?
Islam
Coptic Christianity
Zoroastrianism
Judaism
The Maya calendar used
52-day months.
13-day months.
agricultural seasons.
solar and lunar years.
The multilingual coastal culture of East Africa is known as what?
Coptic
Zimbabwe
Swahili
Soninke
What was one industry that flourished during the Goryeo Dynasty?
Textiles
Brewing beer
Iron smelting
Ceramics
Which of the following dominate Central Asian geography?
Tropical forests
Arid grasslands
High mountain ranges
Fertile plains
