WorksheetsFinal Exam Review
Total questions: 41
Worksheet time: 15mins
Our adaptive immune system is especially effective because it (multiple answers):
has memory
is specific
is immediate
uses multiple mechanisms for fighting pathogens
B cells utilize _____________ mechanisms, while T cells utilize ____________ mechanisms to fight pathogens
specific, nonspecific
antibody mediated, cell mediated
cell mediated, antibody mediated
immediate, delayed
T/F: Second and subsequent pathogen exposures are met with a faster and more intense magnitude of response from the adaptive immune system
True
False
T/F: Vaccines represent a type of passive immunity
True
False
Which of the following cells are needed for adequate adaptive immune response to pathogens? (select all that apply)
B cells
Helper T Cells
Killer T Cells
Antigen Presenting Cells
Blood types are different from each other due to:
the shape of the RBCs
The size of the RBCs
molecules located on the cell membrane of the RBCs
there is no difference between blood types
Which of the following is NOT a feature of the innate immune system?
Immediate
pathogen specific
Activates adaptive system
Inflammation
The inflammatory response causes which of the following symptoms? (select all that apply)
Heat
Swelling
Pain
Redness
T/F: Antibiotics can be used to treat bacterial and/or viral infections
True
False
Upon activation, the first thing a B or T cells does is:
migrate
divide
die
release cytokines
Which of the following is the best way to describe memory cells left over after an infection?
A bunch of different WBCs ready to fight the next pathogen
A population of clones of the original lymphocyte that was activated
proinflammatory cells
red blood cells and platelets
A helper T cell plays a role in fighting infections by:
killing virally infected cells
signaling B cells and killer T cells to stay activated to sufficiently fight the infection
helping the macrophages clean up dead cells and debris
mass producing antibodies specific to the invading pathogen
A vaccine stimulates the creation of memory to a pathogen without:
side effects
having to survive an actual infection
immune system activation
being specific
HIV causes a deficiency in adaptive immunity by:
wiping out helper T cells
infecting killer T cells
being an infectious virus
infecting B cells
Which of the following best describes allergy?
An immune response to an environmental molecule that is not a pathogen
An immune response to only certain pathogens
A slight inconvenience, but not a big deal
An immune response to parasites
Which of of the following is NOT a main function of the large intestine?
Absorption of water and vitamins
Consolidation of solid waste for removal
Absorption of single subunit nutrients
The main location for the gut microbiome
Which body system filters waste out of the blood?
urinary system
liver/small intestine
circulatory system
immune system
Which body system addresses most of the CO2 produced during cellular respiration?
respiratory system
circulatory system
urinary system
digestive system
The nephrons in the kidneys use what type of filtration to filter blood?
mechanical AND chemical
chemical only
mechanical only
specific
Which of the following is a common feature of the reproductive systems and other body systems?
major contribution to homeostasis
the systems turns on and off at specific times in development
the systems differs between biological males and females
the system's structure is a network of tubes
T/F: the biological male and biological female reproductive systems are controlled by the same endocrine hormones
True
False
T/F: the biological male and biological female reproductive systems produce the same sex hormones in response to endocrine hormone signaling
True
False
Which of the following is not a chemical barrier that serves as a first line of defense against pathogen invasion?
urine
stomach acid
enzymes in tears
skin
Which body system plays the largest role in blood pH maintenance?
urinary system
circulatory system
respiratory system
digestive system
Why are several years of development required before conscious control of liquid and solid waste removal is possible in children?
smooth muscle involvement
skeletal muscle involvement
they have to eat a solid diet first
their nervous systems have to develop
If someone has their large intestine removed, what will their biggest homeostasis challenge be?
staying properly hydrated
absorption of nutrients
adequate hunger signals
bile production
If someone has a portion of their small intestine removed, what will their biggest homeostasis challenge be?
adequate absorption of nutrients
staying adequately hydrated
bile production
digestive enzyme production
T/F: all human embryos start out as structurally neither male nor female
True
False
Where is the only difference between biological males and females in an early embryo?
In the chromosomes (XX or XY)
In the tissues that will form the reproductive tracts
In the pituitary glands
In the bladder
The gonads each house special cells that produce _________ and _________
gametes, sex hormones
sperm, eggs
estrogen, testosterone
gonadotropin, hCG
A biological female begins meiosis when?
During fetal development
During puberty
During childhood
During pregnancy
T/F: the empty follicle left behind in the ovary after ovulation plays no additional role in a female's reproductive cycle
True
False
T/F: FSH and LH are pituitary hormones that impact both the male AND female reproductive systems
True
False
T/F: the widespread physical changes of puberty are due to tissues around the body with receptors specific to sex hormones like estrogen or testosterone
True
False
Dietary fiber changes the consistency of solid waste by:
staying in the digestive tract, so some water wants to stay too
it doesn't really change the consistency of solid waste
making it much more difficult to pass/eliminate
making the solid waste smaller/less bulky
T/F: all of our blood cells originate from one common pluripotent stem cell
True
False
Human reproductive systems have male/female homologs for each structure, except for the _________
penis
vagina
ovary
uterus
Nephrons are tiny filtration units where a partnership between a _______ and _______ allow for efficient filtration of our blood.
capillary, kidney tubule
kidney, bladder
brain, pituitary gland
kidney, bone marrow
The urinary system can make adjustments to the water level in our bodies in order to control:
blood pressure levels
blood oxygen levels
blood protein levels
blood glucose levels
Which of the following is NOT one of the challenges that a biological male's body is equipped to face in order to deliver a sperm to an egg?
pH of urethra and vagina
Distance to travel
Fuel for swimming
Thickened uterine lining
The menstrual cycle can be summarized as monthly cyclical changes in:
hormones, ovaries, and uterus
breasts and uterus
only uterus
only ovaries
